Objective To study the influence of cochlear implantation on residual hearing in children .Methods Behavioral audiometry were performed pre -implant and 3~21 months post -implant on thirty -four cochlear implant recipients with severe to profound hearing loss .According to follow -up time ,they were divided into 2 groups which were Group A(3~12 months ,21 cases) and Group B(≥13 months ,13 cases) .The thresholds at 250 Hz ,500 Hz ,1 000 Hz and 2 000 Hz were analyzed .Results There were 25 out of 34 patients (73 .53% ) had partial residual hearing after cochlear implantation .Comparing to the hearing loss pre -operation and post -operation , which were most obvious at 500 Hz ,followed by 250 Hz ,1 000 Hz ,2 000 Hz (P<0 .05) ,and there were significant different among different frequencies .There was significant difference at different frequencies at hearing loss thresh-olds only in Group A .But there was no significant difference in Group B .With the prolonged time after the cochlear implantation ,residual hearing at all frequencies showed a trend of recovery .Conclusion The residual hearing could be partial preserved after cochlear implant in pediatric patients with severe to profound hearing impaired ,the residu-al hearing at lower frequencies (250 Hz ,500 Hz) were less affected than those at higher frequencies .With the pro-longed time after the cochlear implantation ,the residual hearing showed a certain degree of recovery .

Objective:To explore the clinical features of Stewart-Treves syndrome in postoperative patients of breast cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 11 patients with Stewart-Treves syndrome after breast cancer surgery in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from Aug 2008 to Sep 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:All the 11 patients were female , age ranging from 44 to 78 years.The main clinical manifestations included multiple skin and subcutaneous nodules , scattered red or purplish red rashes in the lymphedematous upper limbs, and sometimes in the chest wall. MRI showed multiple short T2 signal soft tissue nodules in skin and subcutaneous soft tissue. Histopathology showed heterogeneous endothelial cell-derived malignant tumor. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive CD31, CD34 and D2-40. These 11 patients had skin and subcutaneous tumor excision and biopsy, 4 had shoulder amputation, 4 received postoperative adjuvant chemo plus or radiotherapy. As of Feb 2020, 1 patient was alive, 9 died and 1 lost follow-up.Conclusions:Stewart-Treves syndrome is a rare complication of breast cancer, with poor prognosis and high mortality.

The primary processing is important links and closely related to the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and is not only cleaning of remove the non-officinal parts, drying for termination the physiological status of organisms, but also retaining the most active substances, decreasing the toxic components, and promoting the transformation among chemical ingredients through primary processing. So the traditional primary processing endows with characters, quality, specifications and properties of traditional Chinese medicine, and embodies some important science truth. The traditional primary processing method and technology systems are derived from the long-term practices and experiences, which are distinctive, colorful, diverse, and scientific, which are helpful to development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This paper systemically expounds the research status of the Chinese medicine processing method, summarizes the problems in the primary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials research, and prospects its bright future.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

AIMTo observe the expression of Presenilin-1 (PS-1) and production of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) in hippocampus of female senile rats and to investigate the effect of vitamin E(VE) on preventing Alzheimer's disease after menopause.

METHODSThe animal model was established using female senile rats. Experimental groups (n=8) were respectively given different doses of VE(5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg) per day. The expression of PS-1 in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry, the level of Abeta in hippocampus was measured by Radioimmunoassay, and neuronal ultrastructure in hippocampal DG area was observed using transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSThe expression of PS-1 in rat hippocampus of senile control group was stronger than that of adult control group. PS-1 expressed weakly in three medication groups along with augmentation of dosage. The levels of Abeta were found to correlate statistically with the expression of PS-1. The content of Abeta in VE groups was significantly decreased compared to that in senile control group (P < 0.01). There were some changes in the neuronal ultrastructure of senile rats. Neurons were gradually recovered in VE groups.

CONCLUSIONVE may depress the production of Abeta by regulating the expression of PS-1, reducing neuronal injuries. VE may play a role in neuronal protection.

Aging ; Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Animals ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Presenilin-1 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vitamin E ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo probe the mechanism of EEG activation and Xingnao Kaiqiao, evaluate the actions of cinnabaris and realgar in Xingnao Kaiqiao of Angong Niuhuang pill, guess the significance of cinnabaris and realgar in specific indication treatment of Angong Niuhuang pill, and provide experimental bases for the rationality of Angong Niuhuang pill building-up.

METHODSeventy SD rats were divided into seven groups: the control, the model, the Angong Niuhuang pill (0.4 g x kg(-1)), the Angong Niuhuang pill without cinnabaris and realgar (0.32 g x kg(-1)) , the cinnabaris and realgar (0.08 g x kg(-1)), the realgar (0.04 g x kg(-1)), and the cinnabaris (0.04 g x kg(-1)). Rats in the control and model groups were given distilled water. After three days of administration, the brain damage model was made by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injection through caudal vein and the catecholamine (CA) and its metabolites levels in cerebral cortex, included noradrenaline (NE), adrenaline (E), 3-methocy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), Homovanlic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). Influences of Angong Niuhuang pill, Angong Niuhuang pill without cinnabaris and realgar, cinnabaris and realgar on monoamine transmitters were observed in brain damage rats caused by LPS.

RESULTLPS could raise NE, 5-HT, 5-HIAA levels and reduce E, DOPAC levels, but had no influence on HVA, DA, MHPG levels. Angong Niuhuang pill had the trend of raising E, DOPAC levels and reducing NE level, and could reduce 5-HIAA level obviously comparing with models. But Angong Niuhuang pill without cinnabaris and realgar was different, NE level was significantly higher compared to models and Angong Niuhuang pill, DA level was also significantly higher compared to all groups. Cinnabaris and realgar had the same action trends with Angong Niuhuang pill, and separate realgar could obviously reduce 5-HT.

CONCLUSIONInfluence on CA and its metabolites levels in cerebral cortex may be one of the mechanisms of Angong Niuhuang pill's EEG activation, and cinnabaris and realgar have the same action on CA levels in cerebral cortex. The results of the present work allow us to put forward the hypothesis that cinnabaris and realgar are most likely one of the important material basis in Xingnao Kaiqiao of Angong Niuhuang pill.

Animals ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Brain Injuries ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Catecholamines ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Drug Combinations ; Electroencephalography ; drug effects ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mercury Compounds ; pharmacology ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Sulfides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Neimadian on pain after operation of four limbs.

METHODSSixty-two patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 31 cases in each group. The observation group were treated with electroacupuncture at Neimadian for 30 min, and the control group with oral administration of tramadoli hydrochloridum. Changes of pain within 24 hours were observed.

RESULTSThe analgesic effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnalgesic effect of acupuncture at Neimadian on pain after operation of four limbs is superior to that of oral administration of tramadoli.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVEIn this study, we assayed promoter hypermethylation and protein expression of the mismatch repair gene (MMR) hMLH1 and hMSH2 in gestational trophoblastic diseases to understand the significance of MMR promoter methylation and expression in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole.

METHODSDNA was extracted from chorion of early pregnancies, partial hydatidiform moles, complete hydatidiform moles, and invasive moles were over digested by methylation sensitive endonuclease Hpa II. Then the promoters were amplificated by polymerase chain reaction. The protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn the normal placenta, neither hMLH1 nor hMSH2 promoter methylation was detected. Expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in cytotrophoblasts was strongly positive, and that was negative or weakly positive in syncytiotrophobasts. In all normal chorion, expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in cytotrophoblasts was strongly positive. In partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole, the methylation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 promoters was significantly higher than that of early placenta (P < 0.05), and the protein expression in cytotrophoblasts was significantly lower (P < 0.05). In the invasive mole, hMLH1 and hMSH2 promoter methylation were not significantly different as compared with the partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole (P > 0.05). Expression of hMLH1 in the invasive mole (54.5%, 6/11) was not significantly different as compared with the partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole (P > 0.05). But expression of hMSH2 in the invasive mole (36.4%, 4/11) was weaker than that in complete hydatidiform mole (P = 0.044). Promoter methylation and less expression of hMSH2 had correlations in complete hydatidiform mole or invasive mole.

CONCLUSIONSStrong expressions of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in the cytotrophoblasts of normal placenta may keep the genome stability. Promoter methylation and down-regulation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 are probably involved in the pathogenesis of hydatidiform mole.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adult ; Base Pair Mismatch ; genetics ; Carrier Proteins ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; genetics ; pathology ; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive ; genetics ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Pregnancy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Uterine Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Background and purpose:To perform whole mount technique in the diagnosis of the prostate cancer could provide orientation to the specimen. Whole mount technique has great value in pathologic diagnosis and morphological research. However, limited by the specimen-making technique, shortage of equipment and heavy workload, this technique has not been generally accepted in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the signiifcance of whole mount technique in the diagnosis of the prostate cancer by comparing the clinical and pathological variables between whole mount patients and conventional ones after radical prostatectomy (RP).Methods:A total number of 229 patients’ whole mount RP specimens were recruited in the study from Dec. 2012 to Feb. 2014. The control group included 393 patients’ specimens which underwent conventional sampling from Jan. 2010 to Jun. 2012. We compared the clinical and pathological variables between the groups, including age, preoperative PSA level, methods of diagnosis, preliminary diagnostic Gleason score, clinical T stage, postoperative Gleason score, pathological T stage, positive surgical margin, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis.Results:Two groups shared similar preoperative parameters. Also there was no signiifcant difference between the whole mount and the conventional sampling groups in postoperative Gleason score, pathological T stage, extraprostatic extension and pelvic lymph node metastasis. However, positive surgical margin and seminal vesicle invasion rates were much higher in the whole mount group than the control one and both of the differences reached statistical signiifcance (26.2%vs 17.6%, 23.1%vs 17.0%;P=0.010, 0.025)Conclusion:After compared the clinical and pathological variables, we could conclude that whole mount technique has prevalence in the diagnosis of the positive surgical margin and seminal vesicle invasion compared with the conventional sampling technique. Thus, whole mount technique should be strongly recommended in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

AIMTo observe the effect of vitamin E (VE) on ovarian apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and Bax and its impact on antioxidant capacity in aged female rats and to study the senility-delaying effect and mechanism of VE on ovary.

METHODSNatural aging female rats were given different doses of exogenous VE. Then apoptosis regulatory protein Bcl-2, Bax expression in ovarian grandlose cells were detected by using immunohistochemical methods and Western blot. The contents of serum total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by using biochemical methods.

RESULTSContrasted with adult control group, the level of Bcl-2 expression in Senile control group was lower and the level of Bax expression was higher (P < 0.01), Serum SOD activity decreased and the level of MDA significantly increased (P < 0.01). Contrasted with senile control group, the level of Bcl-2 expression increased in VE group, the level of Bax expression decreased (P < 0.05), the level of MDA expression significantly decreased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONVE can regulate apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2, Bax expression and confront free radical damage which contribute to a protective effect for ovarian grandiose cells.

Aging ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; cytology ; Ovary ; cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vitamin E ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Animals ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Rats