Flammulin, an anti-tumor protein, was purified from the aqueous extract of basidiomes of Flammulina Velutipes. Purified flammulin emulsified with Freund's adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into New Zealand white rabbits. After several immune enhancements, these animals were bled and sera were separated. Antiserum against flammulin in Western blots were applied to determine if flammulin be present in the liquid state culture or fruiting body. The result showed that anti-flammulin serum could recognize the aqueous extract of fruiting body in SDS-PAGE gels under the reducing conditions, no flammulin was detected in mycelia of Flammulina Velutipes.

Objective To observe the changes of osteoblasts and vascularization during osteogenesis by tissue engineering technique under the electron microscope and study the feasibility of improving vascularization of the tissue engineering bone by using the small intestine submucosa(SIS) as the scaffold. Methods The bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) were isolated by using the gradient centrifuge method.BMSCs were seeded in the SIS.The scaffold-cell constructs were cultured in vitro for two weeks.There were no cells on the SIS as control.They were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsa of the athymic mice.The implants were harvested after(in vivo) incubation for 4,8 and 12 weeks.The changes of osteoblasts and vascularization were observed under the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope. Results The BMSCs grew quite well.BMSCs differentiated on the surface of the SIS and secreted a great deal of extracellular matrices.The scaffold-cell constructs formed a lot of bone and vessels in vivo.The scaffold degraded after 12 weeks.No osteoblasts but vascularization and fibroblasts were observed as control. Conclusion SIS can be used as the scaffold for constructing tissue engineering bone as it can improve the formation of bone and vessels in vivo.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Diarrhea ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effect of cigarette smoking on cutaneous wound healing in rats.Methods Healthy adult SD rats,weight 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (group C),low tar content group (group L),middle tar content group (group M) and high tar content group (group H),ten rats each group.4 full thickness dermal excision wound models with the diameter of 2.0 cm were established on the back of 40 healthy male or female SD rats.The wound spacing was greater than 2 cm.Group C did not do any intervention treatment,Groups L,M and H rats were put,respectively,into homemade smoke box in 0.1,0.5,and 0.8 mg different-grade tar content of cigarettes and smoked,and the time of wound healing was observed.The wound granulation tissue was taken in 3 and 7 days after surgery.The expression of CD68+ macrophages was detected by immunohistochemical method.The wound healing rate was observed on the days 7 and 16.Results Compared with group C,wound healing time in groups L,M and H was extended (P＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that macrophage numbers in groups L,M and H wound were significantly less than that of group C.The wound healing rates 7 days and 16 days after surgery in the three group smoked were significantly lower than that of group C.Conclusions Cigarette smoking leads to wound healing delay,and wound healing rate is reduced at fixed time point,with the decrease in the number of macrophages.

Objective To investigate the forearm flap personalized design method and the curative effect in repairing maxillofacial defects.Methods From March,2011 to September,2015,16 cases with oral maxillofacial tumor and facial tissue defect were treated.There were 8 males and 8 females with an age range of 41-70 years (mean,54 years).According to the shape and size of the defect after tumor resection in each patient,the forearm flap was designed to repair the defect.The effectiveness was evaluated after operation by observing the survival of the forearm flap transplantation,the patient's facial appearance,the functions of speech,swallowing.Results The incision healed by first intention in this group,16 cases of forearm flap survived.All cases were followed-up 8-36 months without tumor recurrence.The functions of speech,swallowing were basically normal.The facial appearance was satisfactory.The patients were satisfied with their appearance and functional recovery after operation.Conclusion Take personal way of forearm flap design according to maxillofacial soft tissue defect,can restore the maximum facial appearance and function of patients,improve the quality of life of patients after surgery to repair,can obtain satisfactory results.

Objective To explore the utility of cone-beam CT in the evaluation of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE). Methods In a retrospective study, images of DSA and cone-beam CT for PAE in 81 patients with moderate to severe grade benign prostatic hyperplasia were evaluated. In 162 cases of internal iliac arteries (ⅡAs) in 81 patients, images of 6 ⅡAs were excluded due to the technical problems. Therefore, images of 156ⅡAs were included for evaluation. We aim to evaluate the utility of cone-beam CT versus DSA in differentiating PAs and their origins, and demonstrating anastomoses with adjacent arteries. Statistical analyses were performed with Chi-square test to compare the rate of demonstrating vessels between cone-beam CT and DSA. Results One hundred and sixty-one PAs were demonstrated in 156ⅡAs by selective DSA and Cone-beam CT. Cone-beam CT and DSA images demonstrated 158 (98.1%, 158/161) and 130 (80.8%, 130/161) PAs, respectively. The statistical difference was significant (χ2=25.78, P<0.05). PAs were demonstrated by cone-beam CT images alone in 27ⅡAs (17.3%, 27/156) and were demonstrated by DSA images alone in 3ⅡAs (1.9%, 3/161).The statistical difference was significant (χ2=22.31, P<0.05). In 137 PAs that were initially defined by DSA alone, 7 of those (5.1%, 7/137) were eventually proven not to be PAs by further selective cone-beam CT acquisitions. Origins of PAs were shown by Cone-beam CT images alone in 11 ⅡAs. In the remaining 145 ⅡAs (92.9%, 145/156), origins of PAs were shown by both
cone-beam CT and DSA images. The percentage of PA anastomoses demonstrated by cone-beam CT was 42.3%(66/156), which was higher than DSA (31.4%, 49/156). The statistical difference was significant (χ2=3.98, P<0.05). Conclusions Cone-beam CT is useful in demonstrating PAs and their origins fromⅡAs, as well as anastomoses with adjacent arteries.

OBJECTIVETo search for the optimal strategies for sperm collection from the patient with temporary penile erectile dysfunction (ED) on the day of oocyte pick-up ( OPU) in in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 93 cases of temporary ED on the OPU day of IVF-ET from January 2011 to May 2014, with fresh semen for 45 cases (group A), cryopreserved sperm before oocyte retrieval for 30 cases (group B), and frozen oocytes for 18 cases (group C). Group A was again subdivided into A1 (n = 18) and A2 n = 27) , the former intervened with oral sildenafil while the latter left untreated. We compared the rates of fertilization, high-quality embryo, and pregnancy among different groups.

RESULTSNo statistically significant differences were found among groups A, B and C in the age of the males and females, duration of infertility, numbers of obtained and mature oocytes, and rates of cleavage, or in the percentages of normal fertilization (80.78% vs 80.43% vs 84.77%), high-quality embryo (53.27% vs 52.97% vs 47.69%) and pregnancy (60.00% vs 56.77% vs 44.44%) (all P > 0.05). The rate of 3PN was markedly lower in group C (0.63%) than in A (9. 61%) and B (4.34%) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups A1 and A2 in the age of the males and females, duration of infertility, numbers of obtained and mature oocytes, and the rates of fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryo, and pregnancy (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOn the OPU day of IVF-ET, oral sildenafil can help temporary ED men to achieve penile erection and ejaculation without affecting the outcomes of assisted reproduction. Cryopreserved sperm can be used in case of predicted temporary ED and frozen oocytes can also be employed if sperm retrieval fails. However, to avoid puncture injury to the epididymis or testis, fresh semen should be the first choice.

Cryopreservation ; Embryo Transfer ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Male ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Penis ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sildenafil Citrate ; therapeutic use ; Sperm Retrieval ; Spermatozoa

Objective To observe adhesion and growth of Sehwann cells(SCs) on small intestinal submueosa(SIS) and study the bioeompatibility of SIS with SCs.Methods The SCs of SD neonate rat were isolated and cultured in vitro,then were seeded on prepared SIS.At different times,the adhesion,growth and proliferation of SCs on SIS were observed by phase contrast microscope,histological examination,scanning e- lectron microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results By phase contrast microscope,SCs grew well on the edge of SIS after 3 and 5 days.SCs adhered tightly on the surface of SIS after 5 days through histo- logical examination.By scanning electron microscope,on the surface of SIS,SCs grew and adhered actively, prominence of cells body were obvious.They connected end-to-end with each other or arranged in clusters. Protein granules were secreted on cells surface.By transmission electron microscope,SCs grew in good condi- tion and adhered tightly on the surface of SIS.At the interface of SCs and SIS,prominence was seen to contact with SIS in the bottom of cell body.Conclusion SCs are able to adhere and grow well on the surface of SIS.As a scaffold,SIS has good biocompatibility with SCs.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy ( IPHC) on postoperative delirium in the patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery ( CS) . Methods One hundred twenty patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, weighing 40-70 kg, of ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, scheduled for elective CS under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. According to whether or not the patients underwent IPHC, they were divided into 3 groups ( n=40 each): CS group, IPHC 1 h group (group IPHC1) and IPHC 2 h group (group IPHC2). IPHC1 and IPHC2 groups were perfused with chemotherapeutics for 1 and 2 h, respectively, after CS. Postoperative delirium was evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit at 1-3 days after surgery. Results The incidence of postoperative delirium was 15%, 28% and 38% in CS, IPHC1 and IPHC2 groups, respectively. The incidence of postoperative delirium was significantly higher in IPHC1 and IPHC2 groups than in group CS, and in group IPHC2 than in group IPHC1. Conclusion IPHC may increase the development of postoperative delirium in the patients undergoing CS.

Objective To evaluate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in mechanical ventilationinduced increase in pulmonary capillary permeability in diabetic mice.Methods Two types of mice,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 20-25 g,were used in this study:free wild type mice (C3H/HeN) and TLR4 gene mutation type (C3H/HeJ).Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 150 mg/kg (in citric acid buffer solution 0.1 mol/L) and confirmed by blood glucose level ＞ 16 mmol/L.Each type of diabetic mice was randomly divided into 2 groups (n =14 each):group diabetes + sham operation (group DS) and group diabetes + mechanical ventilation (group DM).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine,midazolam and atropine.Tracheal intubation was performed and the animals kept spontaneous breathing in group DS.The animals were mechanically ventilated (FiO2 50％,RR 70 bpm,VT 15 ml/kg,PEEP 2 cmH2O) for 4 h in group DM.Arterial blood samples were obtained at 4 h of ventilation for blood gas analysis,PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded,and NO concentration in the serum was measured.Then the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),content of evans blue (EB),and expression of caveolin-1,endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphor-eNOS (p-eNOS) (by Western blot).The ratio of p-eNOS/eNOS was calculated.Results Compared with group DS,PaO2,PaCO2 and p-eNOS/eNOS ratio were significantly decreased,and W/D ratio,EB content and caveolin-1 expression were increased in group DM (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with C3H/HeN mice,W/D ratio,caveolin-1 expression and EB content were significantly decreased,peNOS/eNOS ratio and serum NO concentrations were increased (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes in PaO2 and PaCO2 were found in C3H/HeJ mice in group DM (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion TLR4 increases the pulmonary capillary permeability after mechanical ventilation in diabetic mice through effectively combining with caveolin-1 and reducing NO bioavailability.