OBJECTIVE To reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection by standardized packaging material and model. METHODS The packaging material and model were selected according to the different sterilizations.And the qualfication rate of sterilization and warranty period of standardized instruments were detected regularly. RESULTS The quality of sterilizations was effectively guaranteed by conducting control measures. CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection rate is effectively prevented by standardized packaging material and model.

This study was aimed to investigate structured approach of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom information. Combining results of the Chinese Symptomatology Research and literature review, this study proposed a dual structure model of symptom. A total of 440 symptoms, which were screened out from the Chinese Terms in TCM and Pharmacy, were used for symptom structured attempt. The results showed that 9 symptoms and 9 attributes were identified, 201 main concept words of symptoms were extracted, and 420 symptoms with the dual structure model were structured. It was concluded that structural information model of TCM symptoms proposed in this study was feasible. However, the research methods and results are exploratory, which requires further verification.

Afferent Pathways ; drug effects ; Animals ; Freund's Adjuvant ; adverse effects ; Ganglia, Sensory ; drug effects ; Hyperalgesia ; chemically induced ; Inflammation ; Male ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective Evaluate the efficiency of scientific research output of the 54 departments in a hospital,to put forward improvement suggestions based on the evaluation results.Methods Select appropriate indicators of scientific input and output,use the Data Envelopment Analysis method to evaluate and analyze the efficiency.Results According to the analysis of DEA,calculate the values of overall efficiency,technical efficiency,scale efficiency and scale income.Then compare and analyze the relative efficiency of different units scientific output,to identify the relatively superior department a mong the various categories.Conclusions According to the evaluation results,to find out the input surplus and insufficient output of each decision units.Then we will put forward suggestions on hospital resource allocation to optimize the scientific input and output,to improve the competitiveness of the hospital,and to activate the potential of each department's scientific research.

The 86 strains of field rodents captured in Chollanamdo were analyzed its infection rates of Orientia tsutsugamushi by nested PCR. The detection rate of O. tsutsugamushi was 14.3 % in A. agrarius whereas O. tsutsugamushi could not be detected in C. lasiura. In locality, the rodents captured in the mountainous area showed higher detection rate than suburban area. In the case of detection rate by organs, the spleen was most appropriate specimen, but in two cases, O. tsutsugamushi could be detected in only kidney specimens. The major serotype of detected O. tsutsugamushi was serotype Karp, but four cases were serotype Boryong. These serotypes were confirmed by nucleotide sequence determination of amplified PCR products. In conclusion, the serotype Karp was the major O. tsutsugamushi in Chollanamdo.
Base Sequence ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Jeollanam-do* ; Kidney ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Rodentia* ; Spleen

AIMTo rapidly separate and determine the nucleosides from natural and cultured Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob., and to compare the content of cordycepin and adenosine in different parts of Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob., which are the main nucleoside active components in medicinal fungus belonging to Cordyceps (Fr.) Link.

METHODSThe nucleosides were separated and determined by the high performance capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Beckman P/ACE system MDQ apparatus equipped with a PDA detector and a uncoated fused-silica capillary (41 cm x 45 microns ID, 30 cm effective length) were used. The experimental conditions were as follows: the running buffer was borax solution (adjust to pH 9.4 with sodium hydroxide), applied voltage was 20 kV, operated temperature was 20 degrees C and the detector wavelength was 258 nm. The content of cordycepin and adenosine in the fruiting body, stroma and host worm of natural and cultured C. kyushuensis were respectively investigated and quantitatively analyzed.

RESULTSThere are at least 8 kinds of nucleoside or nitrogen base in Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob. The content of cordycepin which is a bio-active substance with anti-tumor activity in C. kyushuensis is significantly higher than that in C. sinensis and C. militaris, and furthermore the cordycepin in the cultured C. kyushuensis is notably higher than the natural one. Adenosine was mainly found from the stroma of C. kyushuensis, While the cordycepin content is high in the stroma of both natural and cultured C. kyushuensis as well as in the host worm of the cultured one.

CONCLUSIONThere are some differences about the nucleoside components between the natural and cultured C. kyushuensis and between the different parts of them. With a high cordycepin content, C. kyushuensis should have a considerable medicinal potential.

Adenosine ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Animals ; Cordyceps ; chemistry ; classification ; Deoxyadenosines ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Lepidoptera ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Nucleosides ; analysis ; isolation & purification

AIMTo investigate protective effects of ginkgolide B (GB) in different administration modes on glutamate-induced neuronal damage.

METHODSEssential GB were obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. Glutamate excitotoxicity were examined in primary cultures from neonatal Wistar rat, by using of Trypan blue dye staining, testing the lactate dehydrogenase leakage from cultured neurons and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The protective effects of GB in different administration modes (pre-treatment and post-treatment) were adopted and compared with the NMDA receptor uncompetitive antagonist-MK-801 in acute-treatment.

RESULTSTreatment with GB in two administration modes both could increase ratio of surviving neuron, decrease LDH efflux and reduce ratio of neuron apoptosis in different degree, depended on dose in certain range. The protective effect of pre-treatment was superior to post-treatment, but inferior to MK-801.

CONCLUSIONGB can protect neurons against glutamate damage, and preventive using has more efficiency. The potential mechanism of its neural protection may be not only related to PAF receptor. If the predominant protection effect of GB in pretreatment is considered, precautionary intervention to high-risk population could have more value.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; pharmacology ; Ginkgolides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; adverse effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lactones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

AIMTo further explore the roles of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) or NO derivatives in complex partial seizures and generalized convulsions.

METHODSThe effect of pretreatment with L-nitroarginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or L arginine (L-Arg), a precursor of NO on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure in rats and the changes in the concentration of NO2 -/NO- in the hippocampus were determined.

RESULTSThe rats appeared with wet dog shakes (WDS) at 15 min and then occurred generalized convulsions during 1 h to 3 h after administration of KA (10 mg/kg i.p.). However, the pretreatment of L-NNA (50 mg/kg) so dramatically promoted and enhanced KA-induced behavioral seizures that the latency of generalized convulsion was shorten dramatically, and the mortality was greatly high. In contrast, the pretreatment with L-Arg (40 mg/kg) markedly delayed or weakened KA-induced behavioral changes, such as increasing latency of WDS and generalized convulsion, shortening time o f seizure and none of animal died during observed time. The concentration of NO2- /NO3- in the hippocampus increased immediately at 30 min and remained to 7 d after the administration of KA. Compared with control group (pretreatment with NS), the concentration of NO2- / NO3- in the hippocampus apparently increased at 3 h and 3 d after the administration of KA in the rats with L-Arg pretreatment.

CONCLUSIONThe endogenous NO (NO or NO derivatives) mediators may play an important role against excitotoxin induced seizures in rats.

Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; Kainic Acid ; adverse effects ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitroarginine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and major complications of haploidentical nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (NST) for refractory or relapsed leukemia.

METHODSThe results of 30 patients, including 14 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 11 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 5 case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (accelerated and blastic phase) with refractory or relapsed leukemia (RF/RL) who underwent haploidentical NST from August 2000 to April 2009 were analyzed. The conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine (flu), antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclophosphamide (CTX), total body irradiation (TBI) and cytarabine (Ara-C) or myleran (Bu). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention programmes consisted of Cyclosporine (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), CD25 monoclonal antibody combined with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).

RESULTSTwenty six cases of patients were full donor engraftment and 4 cases mixed chimerism into full donor chimerism. The average duration of neutrophil >0.5×10⁸/L after NST was 11 (9-16) days, and platelet >20×10⁸/L 17 (12-60) days. Upon follow-up of 16 to 120 months, 12-month transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 46.7%, acute Ⅱ-Ⅳgraft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) incidence was 40.0%. The probability of 3-year disease relapse, EFS and overall survival (OS) rates were 16.7%, 46.2% and 50.0% respectively.

CONCLUSIONHaploidentical NST could improve OS and EFS of refractory or relapsed leukemia and reducce TRM to some extent.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the excitotoxicity and serum-inducible kinase (SNK) and spine-associated Rap GTPase-activating protein (SPAR) pathway in primary hippocampal neuron injury induced by glutamate and furthermore, to explore the molecular mechanism of neuroprotection of Zibu Piyin Recipe (ZBPYR) and the relationship between ZBPYR and the morphological regulation of dendritic spines.

METHODSThe serum containing ZBPYR was prepared by seropharmacology. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of mRNA for SNK, SPAR, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A and NR2B) in primary rat hippocampal neuron cultures after pretreatment with 10 micromol/L glutamate and ZBPYR serum.

RESULTSZBPYR serum pretreatment resulted in a significant down-regulation of glutamate-induced SNK mRNA expression (P<0.05). Significant up-regulation was seen on the mRNA expression of SPAR and PSD-95 (P<0.05). All these changes were dose-dependent. The mRNA expression of NR1, NR2A and NR2B was down-regulated to different degrees (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of effect of ZBPYR on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity may be related to the regulation of SNK-SPAR signal pathway. ZBPYR may play a role in protecting and maintaining the normal morphology and structure of dendritic spines, which may be achieved by inhibiting the excessive activation of NMDA receptors.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glutamic Acid ; toxicity ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serum