OBJECTIVE To reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection by standardized packaging material and model. METHODS The packaging material and model were selected according to the different sterilizations.And the qualfication rate of sterilization and warranty period of standardized instruments were detected regularly. RESULTS The quality of sterilizations was effectively guaranteed by conducting control measures. CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection rate is effectively prevented by standardized packaging material and model.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on NF-κB activity in ventilator-induced lung injury in dogs.Methods Thirty healthy 5-year-old Beagles,weighing 10-12 kg,were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),mechanical ventilation (MV) group and 3 different concentrations of dexmedetomidine groups (groups DEX1-3).The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium,ketamine and atropine.The rats were tracheostomized and spontaneous breathing was maintained in group C,while the rats were tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated for 4 h in MV and DEX1-3 groups.Tracheal intubation was performed in all the groups.The concentration of O2 inhaled was set at 50％,respiratory rate at 15 bpm,tidal volume at 20 ml/kg,and positive end-expiratory pressure at 2 cm H2 O.A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 μg/kg was infused over 20 min before intubation,followed by continuous infusion (lasting for4 h) at a rate of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0μg·kg-1 ·h-1 in DEX1-3 groups,respectively.Blood samples were taken from the femoral artery at baseline state,and 1,2 and 4 h of MV for detection of PaO2.The animals were sacrificed after 4 h of MV.The lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio (W/ D ratio),myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,NF-κB p65 expression (by Western blot) and TNF-α mRNA expression (by RT-PCR) in lung tissues.Results Compared with group C,W/D ratio,MPO activity,and expression of NFκB p65 and TNF-α mRNA were significantly increased in group MV (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group MV,MPO activity,and expression of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α mRNA were significantly decreased,and no significant change was found in W/D ratio in DEX2 and DEX3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can inhibit NF-κB activity and reduce inflammatory responses,thus improving ventilator-induced lung injury in dogs.

Objective Evaluate the efficiency of scientific research output of the 54 departments in a hospital,to put forward improvement suggestions based on the evaluation results.Methods Select appropriate indicators of scientific input and output,use the Data Envelopment Analysis method to evaluate and analyze the efficiency.Results According to the analysis of DEA,calculate the values of overall efficiency,technical efficiency,scale efficiency and scale income.Then compare and analyze the relative efficiency of different units scientific output,to identify the relatively superior department a mong the various categories.Conclusions According to the evaluation results,to find out the input surplus and insufficient output of each decision units.Then we will put forward suggestions on hospital resource allocation to optimize the scientific input and output,to improve the competitiveness of the hospital,and to activate the potential of each department's scientific research.

Objectives: To evaluate the mechanism of using TGJN(a kind of extract of Chinese herb medicine)to treat BPH. Methods: The radioligandbinding assays were used to observe the inhibiting effect from TGJN to the α1-AR in human smooth muscle cells of hyperplastic prostate. Results: TGJN can inhibit the binding of α1-AR with 125 I BE through binding with α1-AR.The inhibition was related to the concentration of TGJN and the inhibition was the biggest in middle lobe of human hyperplastic prostate[The Ki was (200.3±19.83)mg/L]. Conclusions: TGJNcan inhibit the α1-AR in human smooth muscle cells of hyperplastic prostate. Natl J Androl,2001,7(2):136～138

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)in the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.Methods We retrospectively re- viewed the clinical outcomes and complications of 33 patients who underwent MPCNL for lower caliceal cal- culi from March 2001 to April 2005.The average diameter of the calculi was 2.8 cm.Single tract nephrosto- my was performed in all 33 cases;among them renal access was obtained through a middle calyx in 10 cases and a lower calyx in 23.Nine cases had F14 renal access;and 24 cases,F16.Results Of 33 cases,28 (85%)achieved stone-free at 1 session.A second-look was needed in 3 cases due to intraoperative bleed- ing;ESWL,in 1 case with residual,calculi;no treatment,in 1 case with residual calculi＜4 ram.The mean operative time was 93 min;mean blood loss was 113 ml;mean hospital stay was 11 d.Blood transfusion was needed in 1 patient who suffered from hepatic cirrhosis preoperatively;another experienced severe bleeding 7 d after operation and was cured with hyperselective spongia gelatinosa embolization of the renal artery.Fol- low-up was available in 19 cases for 2-48 months,and no recurrence of renal calculi was noted.Conclu- sions Minimally invasive percutaneous nepbrolithotomy has advantages of safety,less invasion,and easy re- covery for the treatment of lower caliceal calculi.

To separate and identify chemical signals which induce Thesium chinense haustorium formation, the components of T. chinense roots secretion collected with XAD-4 resin were detected by GC-MS. The effect of DMBQ as exogenous signals to induce haustorium formation in T. chinense was studied. Fifty-three compounds of 9 types had been detected, including hydrocarbons, esters, organic acids, ketones, alcohols, nitrogen containing compounds, phenolic acids, aldehyde and quinine. It is worth noting that the 2, 5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone has the core structure of 1,4-benzoquinone, which may play an important role in the parasitic relationship of Prunella vulgaris and T. chinense: DMBQ worked effectively on inducing haustoria, but induction effects vary widely in different concentrations. DMBQ with the concentration of 1 μmol x L(-1) showed the best effect of the inducing ability with a ratio of 110.52 when treated to induce haustoria.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; physiology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; physiology ; Prunella ; chemistry ; physiology

BACKGROUNDCancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction remains a virulent malignancy with poor prognosis. Rapid progresses were made in chemotherapeutic agents and the development of molecular markers allowed better identification of candidates for targeted therapy. This study aimed to identify the candidate peptides used for anti-angiogenic therapy of esophageal cancer by in vivo screening C7C peptide library for peptides binding specifically to blood vessels of human esophageal cancer.

METHODSThe phage displayed C7C peptide library was injected intravenously into mice bearing human esophageal tumor xenografts under renal capsule. After 5 rounds of screening, 13 clones were picked up individually and sequenced. During each round of screening, titers of phage recovery were calculated from tumor xenograft and control tissues. Homing of these 9 peptides to tumor vessel was detected by calculating phage titers in the tumor xenograft and control tissues (lung and spleen) after each phage was injected into mice model, and compared with the distribution of phage M13 and VIII-related antigen in tumor xenograft by immunohistochemical staining. Comparisons among groups of data were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test.

RESULTSThe number of phage recovered from tumor tissue of each round increased gradually in tumor group while decreased in control groups (P < 0.01 in tumor and spleen, P < 0.05 in lung). Immunohistochemical staining showed similar staining pattern with M13 antibody or VIII-related antigen antibody, suggesting that phages displaying the selected peptides could home to blood vessel of human esophageal cancer. According to their DNA, 9 corresponding peptide sequences were deduced. And the homing ability to blood vessel of phages displaying the selected peptides was confirmed by comparing with their recovery in tumor and control tissues. Two motifs, YSXNXW and PXNXXN, were also obtained by analyzing the homology of these peptide sequences. The staining distribution of phage with the sequence of PNPNNST was similar to that of the blood vessel marker factor VIII-related antigen staining. After sequencing, each phage with the selected peptide of PNPNNST with 1.0 × 10(11) pfu/ml was injected intravenously into mice. The homing ability to tumor vessel of these 9 kinds of peptides in the xenograft was higher than control tissues (lung and spleen).

CONCLUSIONNine peptides obtained from in vivo screening homed to the blood vessel of human esophageal cancer, and the two motifs of YSXNXW and PXNXXN are the possible biochemical recognition units binding to vascular endothelial cells of esophageal cancer.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the impacts of laparoscopic bariatric surgery on fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Ghrelin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the mechanism in surgical treatment of T2DM.

METHODSFrom March 2010 to August 2011, 44 patients with T2DM underwent laparoscopic bariatric, including laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB, n = 14), laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass (LMGB, n = 11), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG, n = 9) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB, n = 10). The curative effects, changes of metabolism and gastrointestinal hormones were analyzed respectively.

RESULTSWithin 6 months after surgery, the clinical complete remission of T2DM was 11, 8, 6, 3 cases in LRYGB, LMGB, LSG, LAGB group respectively; the clinical partial remission was 3, 3, 2, 4 cases respectively. The inefficacy was 1, 3 patients in LSG and LAGB group respectively. The effects of surgery within 6 months postoperative among 4 groups were different (χ(2) = 8.162, P < 0.05). The levels of body mass index (F = 275.29) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (F = 40.09) of 4 groups were declined in 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.01). The extents of decrease were no significance among 4 groups. Compared to preoperative level, GLP-1 in LRYGB ((116 ± 33) vs. (66 ± 20) ng/L and LMGB group ((103 ± 22) vs. (65 ± 16) ng/L) was higher in the first month after surgery (F = 21.76 and 139.21, P < 0.05). The changes in LSG and LAGB group were no significance (P > 0.05). The level of Ghrelin in LRYGB, LMGB, LSG group at the first week after surgery were (208 ± 79), (275 ± 102) and (258 ± 91) ng/L respectively, and they were lower than preoperative (there were (398 ± 114), (439 ± 96) and (446 ± 105) ng/L, F = 55.08, 49.96 and 46.47, all P < 0.01). But the level of Ghrelin in LRYGB and LMGB groups rebounded in the first postoperative month. The postoperative level of Ghrelin was higher in LAGB group (F = 29.24, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThere are difference efficacies and impacts on gastrointestinal hormones among different modes of bariatric surgery. The change of gastrointestinal hormones is plausible mechanism of T2DM remission after surgery.

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; surgery ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Ghrelin ; metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Morbid ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and major complications of haploidentical nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (NST) for refractory or relapsed leukemia.

METHODSThe results of 30 patients, including 14 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 11 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 5 case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (accelerated and blastic phase) with refractory or relapsed leukemia (RF/RL) who underwent haploidentical NST from August 2000 to April 2009 were analyzed. The conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine (flu), antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclophosphamide (CTX), total body irradiation (TBI) and cytarabine (Ara-C) or myleran (Bu). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention programmes consisted of Cyclosporine (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), CD25 monoclonal antibody combined with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).

RESULTSTwenty six cases of patients were full donor engraftment and 4 cases mixed chimerism into full donor chimerism. The average duration of neutrophil >0.5×10⁸/L after NST was 11 (9-16) days, and platelet >20×10⁸/L 17 (12-60) days. Upon follow-up of 16 to 120 months, 12-month transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 46.7%, acute Ⅱ-Ⅳgraft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) incidence was 40.0%. The probability of 3-year disease relapse, EFS and overall survival (OS) rates were 16.7%, 46.2% and 50.0% respectively.

CONCLUSIONHaploidentical NST could improve OS and EFS of refractory or relapsed leukemia and reducce TRM to some extent.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Through summarization and analysis on etiology, pathology and acupoint selection in chapters about acupuncture in Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases), written by ZHANG Zhong-jing, famous physician of the Eastern Han Dynasty, five features of acupuncture in the book are concluded: to cut off the pathway of pathogenic factors to prevent progress of diseases; to adopt both acupuncture and herbal medicine to give full play to their respective advantages in treatment; to distinguish pathogenesis carefully and select the proper acupoints; to observe the progressing tendency of diseases to give treatment accordingly; and to understand that yang channels are appropriate for acupuncture, while yin channels can also be selected in treatment. In this way, the law of acupuncture of ZHANG Zhong-jing is expected to be better understood.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature