Objective To investigate the effect of naloxone on neuronal cells apoptosis induced by repeated febrile seizures(FS).Methods Warm water was used to induce 70 rats FS model 15 days after birth in this study; each rat was induced 7 times febrile seizures at one- day interval . Seventy rats were randomly divided into naloxone-treated group and FS control group, receiving injection of naloxone or saline at 5, 30, 60 min and 2 hours after FS each day respectively. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last seizure. Neuronal cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL methods in situ cell death kit. TUNEL positive cells(TPC) were stained and counted as apoptosis in hippocampus and cortex. Ultrastructural changes of apoptosis neurons were observed under the electron microscope(EM). Results Compared with the FS control group, naloxone treatment could significantly relieve neuron apoptosis induced by repeated FS when it was used at 5, 30, 60 min after the last FS. However there was no significant difference in neuron apoptosis between 2 groups when naloxone was used at 2 hours after FS. The comparison of different naloxone administration time showed that the earlier naloxone was injected,the fewer apoptosis neurons were induced by FS.Conclusion Naloxone,as early used in proper dosage,may significantly alleviate apoptosis after repeated FS ,and protect neurons.

OBJECTIVETo study the variation Laws of content of danshensu accelerated in control and in danshen injection in order to provide reference for stability investigation of danshensu.

METHODThe tests was carried out by classic isothermal method and the content of danshensu was determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe contents of danshensu in accelerated tests increase in control and decrease in danshen injection respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe component of phenic acidity would be hydrolyzed to become danshensu in the accelerated tests. Much attention should be paid to the unusual increase when studies of danshen preparations are carried out.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Hydrolysis ; Hydroxybenzoates ; chemistry ; Injections ; Lactates ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; chemistry ; Temperature

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical data of Chinese patients with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy, and clarify the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients.Methods:Medical history of patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy diagnosed from April 1, 2018 to January 31, 2021 in the department of neurology of 22 hospitals in China was collected, and scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), magnetic resonance severity scale were evaluated. Group comparison was performed between male and female patients.Results:A total of 62 patients were included, and the male-female ratio was 1∶1.95. The age of onset was (40.35±8.42) years. Cognitive impairment (82.3%, 51/62) and motor symptoms (77.4%,48/62) were the most common symptoms. The MMSE and MoCA scores were 18.79±7.16 and 13.96±7.23, respectively, and the scores of two scales in male patients (22.06±5.31 and 18.08±5.60) were significantly higher than those in females (15.53±7.41 , t=2.954, P=0.006; 10.15±6.26, t=3.328 , P=0.003). The most common radiographic feature was bilateral asymmetric white matter changes (100.0%), and the magnetic resonance imaging severity scale score was 27.42±11.40, while the white matter lesion score of females (22.94±8.39) was significantly higher than that of males (17.62±8.74 , t=-2.221, P<0.05). A total of 36 CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, among which c.2381T>C/p.I794T was the hotspot mutation that carried by 17.9% (10/56) of the probands. Conclusions:The core phenotypic characteristics of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in China are progressive motor and cognitive impairment, with bilateral asymmetrical white matter changes. In addition, there exist gender differences clinically, with severer cognitive impairment and imaging changes in female patients. Thirty-six CSF1R gene mutations were found in this study, and c.2381T>C/p. I794T was the hotspot mutation.