ObjectiveTo study the roles of cytokeratin-19 ( CK-19 ),vimentin,vascular endothelial growth factor-C( VEGF-C ),and cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) played in the occurrence and development of Graves'disease(GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT).Methods57 cases of GD and 58 cases of HT were enrolled in our study.Immunohistochemistry using SP method was carried out for assessment of the expression of CK-19,vimentin,VEGF-C,and COX-2 in the thyroid tissues.Results CK-19,VEGF-C,and COX-2 were expressed in the cytoplasm of thyroid follicular epithelial cells.Vimentin was expressed both in the mesenchyma and in the cytoplasm of thyroid follicular epithelial cells.The positive rates and expression intensities of CK-19 and VEGF-C in HT ( 86.2％,96.6％ ) were significantly higher than those in GD ( 43.9％,56.1％,all P＜0.05 ).The expression intensities of vimentin and COX-2 in GD ( 100.0％,93.1％ ) were similar to those in HT ( 100.0％,91.2 ％ ),while the expression intensity of COX-2 in HT was significantly higher than that in GD( all P＜0.05 ).The positive rates of CK-1 9 were much higher in type Ⅲ ( 81.3％ ) of GD than in type Ⅰ ( 1 5.8％ ) and type Ⅱ ( 40.9％ ) of GD,and also higher in type P( 100％ ) of HT than in type L(66.7％ ) of HT.The positive rates of VEGF-C were much higher in type Ⅲ ( 87.5％ ) of GD than in typeⅠ ( 36.8％ ) and type Ⅱ ( 50.0％,all P ＜ 0.05 ) of GD.ConclusionImmunohistochemical detection of the expression of CK-19,vimentin,VEGF-C,and COX-2 may carry clinical significance in revealing the occurrence and development as well as evaluating the prognosis of Graves'disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

The manuscript introduced the overview, training objectives, policy advantages, training process,curriculum, examination of the Australian College in Rural and Remote Medicine and further contrasted that with China's domestics.The authors held that Australia's training is better targeted due to its colleges tailored to this end;the training duration for general practitioners of rural and remote areas is longer,and the training schedule is reasonable;the curriculum design and training content are more targeted;and the homogeneous training is better achieved as its examination is run by the college in a standardized manner.The authors therefore hold that China should develop detailed regulations for general practitioners from rural and remote areas and explore the feasibility of setting up second-level disciplines institutes for internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, pediatrics and general at national and provincial level.

Purpose To explore the value of direct CT venography (CTV) for the diagnosis of varicose veins of lower limb. Materials and methods Forty patients diagnosed as varicose veins of lower limbs were enrolled. 40 patients with 56 involved limbs underwent direct CTV examination, and their images were stratified and evaluated according to the severity and the scope of the disease. Main assessment:definition and scope of CT axial scans combined with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection for the display of the varicose veins; situation for the display of perforating veins, deep veins and iliac veins;diagnostic compliance between CTV and DSA. Results All of the 56 involved limbs underwent laser intra-cavity occlusion surgery, among them 7 cases with 11 limbs underwent venous angiography under DSA at the same time. In the evaluation of the VR, excellent proportion was 92.86%(52/56), moderate proportion was 7.14%(4/56). Among the deep veins, ratio of the imaging that was able to meet the diagnostic standard was 94.34%, 88.46%and 27.27%, respectively for calf vein, femoral vein and external iliac vein. The total demonstration rate of perforating veins was 98.21%(55/56). Diagnostic compliance between CTV and DSA was 100.00%. Conclusion Lower extremity direct CTV imaging is convenient and noninvasive for patients with varicose veins, with high compliance with DSA results, thus is significantly valuable for the guide of clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the features and treatment of male infertility induced by autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and compare the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for infertile men with ADPKD and those with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 21 cases of ADPKD-induced infertility, 15 treated by ICSI (group A), and another 164 cases of strictly matched CBAVD-induced infertility (group B). We compared the two groups in the couples' age, the number of ICSI oocytes, and the rates of fertilization, transferrable embryos, good embryos, embryos implanted, clinical pregnancy, biochemical pregnancy, early abortion, singleton and twins in the first cycle.

RESULTSAfter 28 cycles of ICSI, 10 of the 15 ADPKD-induced infertility patients achieved clinical pregnancy, including 7 cases of live birth, 1 case of spontaneous abortion, and 2 cases of pregnancy maintenance. No significant differences were observed between groups A and B in the couples' age, the wives' BMI, or the numbers of ICSI oocytes and embryos transplanted (P >0.05), nor in the rates of ICSI fertilization (72.64% vs 76.17%), transferrable embryos (51.28% vs 63.24%), quality embryos (38.46% vs 49.83%), embryo implantation (17.64% vs 38.50%), abortion (0 vs 9.23%), singleton (50% vs 81.54%) and twins (50% vs 18.46%). However, the rates of clinical pregnancy (13.33% vs 42.68%, P = 0.023 <0.05) and biochemical pregnancy (13.33% vs 39.63%, P = 0.032 <0.05) were significantly lower in group A than in B.

CONCLUSIONICSI is effective in the treatment of male infertility induced by either ADPKD or CBAVD, but the ADPKD cases have a lower success rate than the CBAVD cases in an individual cycle. The affected couples should be informed of the necessity of prenatal genetic diagnosis before embryo implantation and the inevitable vertical transmission of genetic problems to the offspring.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; therapy ; Male ; Male Urogenital Diseases ; therapy ; Oocytes ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; complications ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Vas Deferens ; abnormalities

The damage degree of neurons in perilesion at different time points was observed in order to explore the optimal operation occasion. Piglet lobar hematomas were produced by pressure-controlled infusions of 2.5 mL autonomous blood into the right frontal hemispheric white matter over 15 min, and the metabolic changes were ambulatorily detected with MRS at 3rd, 12th, 24th and 48th h after hematoma induction. Brain tissues of perihematoma were also obtained at different time points. The transcription level of Bax gene was detected by in situ hybridization and apoptosis by TUNEL technique, and the pathologic change of neurons was observed under an electron microscope. The results showed that the number of Bax positive cells reached the peak at 24 h (79.00 +/- 4.243/5 fields). There was no significant difference in A values between 3 h and 6 h, 12 h (P > 0.05), but there significant difference between 24 h and 3 h, 6 h, 12 h (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells reached the peak at 24 h (P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between 3 h and 6 h (P = 0.999). The area of the apoptotic cells showed no significant difference between 3 h and 6 h or among 3 h, 6 h and 6 h (P > 0.05). Lac peak mainly occurred at 24 h and 48 h, while on the healthy side, no Lac peak was detectable. The ratio of NAA/Cr presented a descent tendency, but there was no significant difference among the groups before 12 h (P > 0.05), there was very significant difference between 3, 6 and 24, 48 h (P < 0.01). Under electronic microscopy, the neuronal damage surrounding hematoma in 3 to 6 h was milder than in 24 h to 48 h. It was concluded that the secondary apoptosis, damage and metabolic disturbance of the neurons surrounding hematoma was milder in 3-6 h in acute intracerebral hemorrhage, while obviously aggravated in 24-48 h. An effective intervention is needed to reduce secondary damage as soon as possible.
Brain/*pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/*pathology ; Hematoma/*pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurons/pathology ; Random Allocation ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the perihematomal changes of hyperacute parenchymal hematomas and the clinical value by MRI. Methods Multi-sequence MRI was performed on 4 hematomas in vitro and on 15 pigs with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) for about 30～60 min and 3 h respectively. The integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in ICH pigs was assessed by electron microscopy and Evan's blue dye technique. MR scanning was performed on 2 ICH patients proved by CT for 4 and 9 h after onsets. Results FLAIR and T 2-weighted images showed hyperintensity signal around the hematomas in vitro and in pigs with ICH within 1 h, and more obviously at 3 h. When the gelose cavity was cut, plasma was seen around the clot. The perihematomal ADC values of the pigs increased both within 1 and at 3 h after ICH. However, the BBB was intact at 3 h, which was proved by electron microscopy and Evan's blue dye technique. Water-like intensity signal was observed around the hematomas in two patients with acute ICH. Conclusion The perihematomal changes of hyperacute ICH observed on MRI are resulted from the blood clot contraction and the serum formation and extravasation, but not real cerebral edema.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) reference standards plays an important role in the quality control of Chinese herbal pieces. This paper overviewed the development of TCM reference standards. By analyzing the 2010 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia, the application of TCM reference standards in the quality control of Chinese herbal pieces was summarized, and the problems exiting in the system were put forward. In the process of improving the quality control level of Chinese herbal pieces, various kinds of advanced methods and technology should be used to research the characteristic reference standards of Chinese herbal pieces, more and more reasonable reference standards should be introduced in the quality control system of Chinese herbal pieces. This article discussed the solutions in the aspect of TCM reference standards, and future development of quality control on Chinese herbal pieces is prospected.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletic Performance ; psychology ; Back ; physiology ; Electromyography ; Exercise ; physiology ; Humans ; Imagery (Psychotherapy) ; Male ; Young Adult

To study the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin (Ang) 1-7 specific receptor Mas protain in renal blood vessels of metabolic syndrome ( MS) rats and its anti-oxidative effect. A total of 80 male SD rats were divided into four groups: the normal control group (NC, the same volume of normal saline), the MS group (high fat diet), the MS + Astragali Radix group (MS + HQ, 6 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) in gavage) and the MS + Valsartan group (MS + XST, 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) in gavage). After four weeks of intervention, their general indexes, biochemical indexes and blood pressure were measured; plasma and renal tissue Ang II, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide demutase (SOD) levels were measured with radioimmunoassay. The protein expressions of Mas receptor, AT1R, ACE and ACE2 were detected by western blot analysis. According to the result, compared with the NC group, the MS group and the MS + HQ group showed significant increases in systolic and diastolic pressures, body weight, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, free fatty acid and Ang II level of MS rats (P < 0.05). The MS + XST group showed notable decreases in systolic and diastolic pressures than that of the MS group. The MS group showed significant increases in the SOD activity and NO level and decrease in the MDA level after being intervened with Astragali Radix. ACE and AT1R protein expressions in renal tissues of the MS group were higher than that in the NC group, but with lower ACE2 and -Mas receptor expressions (all P < 0.05). Compared with the MS group, the MS + HQ group showed significant increase in Mas receptor expression in renal tissues, whereas the MS + XST group showed notable decrease in AT1R (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, Astragali Radix can increase the Mas receptor expressions in renal tissues, decrease ACE expression and change local Ang II, MDA, NO and SOD in kidneys, so as to protect early damages in renal tissues.
Angiotensin I ; metabolism ; Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; injuries ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Metabolic Syndrome ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective:To investigate the effect of sesamin on mast cell activation and its inflammatory mediator release,as well as its possible mechanisms of action.Methods:HCM-1 cells were activation by stimulation with 10 μg/ml anti-DNP IgE for 6 h and challenge with 100 ng/ml DNP-HAS for 10 min.Sesamin was administration at the concentration of 25,50 and 100 μg/L prior to DNP-HAS challenge,subsequently the effect of sesamin on mast cell degranulation was investigated by light microscope,and histamine release and expression of cytokines such as TNF-α IL-6,IL-1β,IL-8 of mast cells after sesamin treatment were investigated by ELISA.Western blot was used to determine the effect of sesamin on FcεRI downstream signaling including Lyn,Syk and PKCα activation,and IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activation.Results:DNP-HAS significantly increased mast cell degranulation,histamine release and those cytokines expression,enhanced Lyn,Syk,PKCα,IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activation(P<0.05). Sesamin(50,100 μg/L) significantly decreased mast cell degranulation,histamine release and cytokines expression (TNF-α,IL-4,IL-1β,and IL-8),reduced activity of Lyn,Syk,kinases and PKCα and IκBα phosphorylation,and inhibited NF-κB activation(P<0.05).Conclusion: Sesamin suppresses mast cell activation and inflammatory mediators release through inhibition of PKCα/NF-κB signaling pathway.