Objective To observe whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rhu- EPO) could cross blood- brain barrier (BBB) of premature infants. Methods Thirty - six premature infants, with gestational age 28 - 35 weeks, birth weight0.05).Conclusion Rhu- EPO can cross the BBB of premature infants.

BACKGROUND:It has been shown thatChuanglingye has good anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus and improve wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects ofChuanglingye-loaded colagen on regulating inflammation and healing process of chronic wounds. METHODS: Forty rats were selected to make chronic wound models and randomly divided into four groups at 3 days after modeling: control group, colagen group,Chuanglingye group,Chuanglingye-loading colagen group, 10 rats in each group, respectively treated with 0.2 mL normal saline, 0.2 mL Chuanglingye, colagen and Chuanglingye-loaded colagen. The size of wounds was measured when modeling and at 3, 7 and 15 days after modeling. Amount of white blood cels, interleukin-6 level and tumor necrosis factor-α level in wound exudates were detected. The levels of hydroxyproline and matrix mentaloproteases (MMPs), including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, in the granulation tissue, were also detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 3, 7, 15 days after modeling, the amount of white blood cels and levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9 were significantly lower in the Chuanglingye-loaded colagen group andChuanglingye group compared to the control group and colagen group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference betweenChuanglingye-loaded colagen group and
Chuanglingye group. The level of hydroxyproline in the granulation tissue was significantly higher in the Chuanglingye-loaded colagen group than the other three groups at 3, 7, 15 days after modeling (P < 0.05), and the size of wound in theChuanglingye-loaded colagen group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups at 15 days after modeling (P < 0.01). In addition, no significant difference was found among the four groups at 15 days after modeling. These findings indicate thatChuanglingye-loaded colagen can significantly depress proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cels on the wound surface, decrease levels of inflammatory factors and MMPs in wound exudates, and thus promote the healing of chronic wounds.

Objective To evaluate the role of serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) signaling pathway in isoflurane preconditioning-induced inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore protein (mPTP) opening during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C);I/R group;isoflurane preconditioning group (group IPC);Akt inhibitor MK-2206 group (group MK).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion.In group IPC,1.5％ isoflurane was inhaled for 30 min followed by 45 min washout,and then the model of myocardial I/R injury was established.In group MK,MK-2206 300 μg/kg (in dimethyl sulfoxide) was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before isoflurane inhalation.At 2 h of reperfusion,8 rats were selected and sacrificed,and the hearts were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size.At 2 h of reperfusion,8 rats were selected,and blood samples were collected from the right internal jugular vein for determination of serum cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of the expression of phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) in cytoplasm and mitochondria (by Western blot) and co-expression of p-GSK-3β with adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT),voltage-dependent anion channel or cyclophilin D in myocardial tissues (using co-immunoprecipitation).At 2 h of reperfusion,8 rats were selected and sacrificed,myocardial cells were obtained,and the opening time of mPTP was determined with a laser scanning confocal microscope.Results Compared with group C,the myocardial infarct size and serum cTnI concentrations were significantly increased,and the expression of p-GSK-3β in cytoplasm and mitochondria was up-regulated in I/R and IPC groups,the co-expression of p-GSK-3β with ANT was significantly down-regulated,and the opening time of mPTP was shortened in group I/R,and the co-expression of p-GSK-3β with ANT was significantly up-regulated,and the opening time of mPTP was prolonged in group IPC (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the myocardial infarct size and serum cTnI concentrations were significantly decreased,the expression of p-GSK-3β in cytoplasm and mitochondria was up-regulated,the co-expression of p-GSK-3β with ANT was significantly up-regulated,and the opening time of mPTP was prolonged in group IPC,and the opening time of mPTP was significantly prolonged (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group MK (P＞0.05).Compared with group IPC,the myocardial infarct size and serum cTnI concentrations were significantly increased,the expression of p-GSK-3β in cytoplasm and mitochondria was up-regulated,the co-expression of p-GSK-3β with ANT was significantly down-regulated,and the opening time of mPTP was shortened in group MK (P＜0.05).No co-expression of p-GSK-3β with voltage-dependent anion channel or cyclophilin D was found in myocardial tissues.Conclusion The mechanism by which isoflurane preconditioning inhibits mPTP opening during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion is partially related to activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in rats.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical and imaging features and infarct pattern in patients with middle cerebral artery(MCA) stenosis and occlusion,to clarify its infarct pathogenesis. Methods35 MCA moderate and severe stenosis or occlusion patients diagnosed by TCD were studied;the clinical and imaging features and infarct pattern were retrospectively analyzed. Results( 1 ) Clinical features :The clinical manifestations of 35 patients was hemiplegia symptoms,in which 16 cases(45.7％ ) involved to the face,upper and lower limb,11 cases(31.4％ ) involved to the upper and lower limb,3 cases(8.6％ ) involved to the facial and upper limb,2 cases(5.7％ ) involved only to the facial,2 cases(5.7％ ) involved to the facial and upper limb,1 cases(2.9％ ) involved only to the upper limb. (2) MRA imaging characteristics and infarct pattern: 29 cases ( 82.9％ ) of patients with stenosis or occlusion showed moderate severe stenosis,6 cases( 17.1％ ) showed MCA occlusion. 30 cases( 85.7％ ) showed ischemic infarction,in which perforating artery infarction was the most common infarct pattern of middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusive patients( 53.3％ ) ,followed by water-shed infarct ( 26. 7) ％, pial infarct was ielatively small (20. 0％ ). ConclusionThe hemiplegia was the most common clinical symptoms in patients with MCA stenosis and occlusion, and mainly involves to the face,upper and lower limb;The perforating artery infarction was the most common infarct pattern,and its infarct mechanism was an artery-to-artery embolism or hemodynamic abnormalities.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative pulmonary embolism(PE). MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of 51 postoperative PE. Results36 PE (70.59％ ) developed after orthopaedic surgery or with malignant tumors within 1 week after surgery.Dyspnea or chest distress was the most common symptoms.Sudden death was common in patients with PE.Problems in diagnosis of PE included:poor assessment of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) before operation,and the value of beside echocardiography in the diagnosis of patients with suspected high-risk PE was not fully recognized. Twenty-three PE cases received only anticogulant treatment.Intravenous thrombolysis or percutaneous interventional techniques were undertaken in 3 each cases.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) simply after sudden death due to postoperative PE was often unsuccessful.ConclusionsPostoperative PE is a common cause of death,currently available measures are often ineffective.The key lies in prevention especially in those of high-risk PE or suspected non-high-risk PE.

BACKGROUND:The influence of Tol-like receptor 2 (TLR2), Tol-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Tol-like receptor 6 (TLR6) signal transduction pathway and active Treg in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura has been unknown.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Treg immune response in patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, and to explore the role of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and Treg activation in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
METHODForty-two hospitalized children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura were enrol ed in this study. Another 15 healthy children were selected as controls. TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 at protein level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by flow cytometey;reverse-transcription PCR and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the level of MyD88;the levels of transforming growth factor-βand interleukin-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. t-test or t’-test was used to compare the levels of these genes and proteins. Pearson’s correlation test was done for correlation analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the protein levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and the relative expression level of MyD88 mRNA were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). The serum levels of transforming growth factor-βand interleukin-10 were higher in the Henoch-Schonlein purpura children than the healthy children (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the protein levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and mRNA level of MyD88 (P<0.01), but no relationship was found between TLRs and interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β(P>0.05). The excessive activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 may be involved in the process of Henoch-Schonlein purpura via MyD88-dependent pathway, and the compensatory activation of Treg may participate in protective immunity.

Adult ; Aluminum Silicates ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; Quartz ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Silicosis ; epidemiology ; mortality

Objective The type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis is gradually being recognized, but the type 2 AIP is still very rare in Asia.This paper summarizes the clinical characters of type-2 AIP patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Methods From January 2001 to December 2016,all type 2 AIP hospitalized patients who met the ICDC were included in the study.The clinical data, laboratory results and imaging features of all patients were recorded, verified and follow-up.Results Six patients with type 2 AIP were included in the study.The ratio of men and women was 2/1, with an average age of 38.4 years.67.7% (4/6) patients have UC.37.7% (2/6) of patients were asymptomatic.Three patients were diagnosed by pathology.50% (3/6) of patients showed mass of pancreas, and 50% (3/6) of patients showed pancreatic enlargement.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of the type 2 AIP patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital are the same as those in foreign countries.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to find some appropriate treatments on the dentin of root canal wall to obtain better bonding strength of fiber posts.

METHODS36 new extracted non-caries single root canal anterior teeth were collected and post spaces were prepared. The teeth were divided into six groups randomly and processed by different post-space treatments: Sodium chloride irrigation (group I , control group); irrigation with 2% chlorhexidine solution followed by 17% EDTA solution (group II ); irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide followed by 17% EDTA solution (group II); irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) followed by 17% EDTA solution (group IV); etching with 35% phosphoric acid-gel for 30 s (group V); 17% EDTA-gel for 1 min (group VI). After each post-space treatment, sodium chloride irrigation was applied in II-VI group. Fiber posts were then luted in the treated roots using 3M ESPE RelyX Unicem and the thin-slice push-out test was performed. The dentin surfaces and bonding interface were examined under scanning electron microscope. Fracture mode of fiber posts were observed by stereo microscope.

RESULTSGroup II-VI were effective in getting rid of smear layer. Resin rags of dentin bonding interface were observed in group II and group V. The majority fracture mode of specimens in each group were mixed mode which contained dentin destruction. Compared with control group, the bonding strength of group II, V increased obviously (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIrrigation with 2% chlorhexidine solution followed by 17% EDTA solution and 35% phosphoric acid-gel etching improved the bonding strength of fiber posts. The depth of post space has no influence of bond strength.

Dental Bonding ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Humans ; Post and Core Technique ; Resin Cements ; Root Canal Therapy ; Smear Layer ; Tooth Root

Objective To analyze the relationship between visceral obesity and hyperuricemia (HUA), and to provide the basis for the further study of obesity and HUA. Methods A total of 1 824 participants came from Tianjin Heping District Health Education Guidance Center in 2014 were selected in this study. The investigation was performed with physical examination and laboratory test for all subjects. Body fat analyzer was used to measure the visceral fat area (VFA). The Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between visceral obesity and HUA. Results The prevalence of HUA in men and women increased gradually with VFA increasing (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between VFA, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and serum uric acid (SUA) level (P<0.05). According to the results of Logistic regression analysis, VFA (OR=1.805,95%CI=1.166-2.794) and WHR (OR=2.108,95%CI=1.061-4.189) were the risk factors of HUA in men. And in women, VFA (OR=1.775,95%CI=1.154-2.732), WC (OR=2.015, 95%CI=1.137- 3.570) and WHR (OR=2.489, 95% CI=1.400- 4.426) were the risk factors of HUA. Conclusion The accumulation of visceral fat will increase the risk of HUA. So it is necessary to strengthen the detection of visceral obesity to prevent the development of HUA.