Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; analysis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism

Animals ; Glutamine ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Deprivation ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Thymus Gland ; metabolism ; Time Factors

It is important and difficult to establish the market competition mechanism in the health care re-form. Medical voucher system in Hong Kong and Macao can provide policy guidelines for Mainland China to promote institutional innovation, force public hospital reform and the rational allocation of medical and health resources. This paper introduced the origin and development of medical voucher system. Based on the description of the implementa-tion background, similarities and differences and effects of medical voucher system in Hong Kong and Macao, the pa-per found that medical voucher system could help encourage the demander to make more frequent use of medical serv-ices, improve their consciousness of prevention and health care and promote family doctor system. Through analyzing the applicability of medical voucher system in mainland China, the paper pointed out it was consistent with the reform orientation and could be served as a useful supplement to the health care system to improve medical insurance, medi-cal assisstance system as well as an effective measure to develop private medical institutions.

With the rapid development of healthcare technologies, the improvement of patient health expecta-tions, and the increasing of the government or insurer's financial budget pressure, risk-sharing agreements has be-come the focus of the governments or insurer concerned. This article systematically analyzed Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan risk-sharing agreements from five aspects, including the operation main, scope, classification, application processes and the implementation effects. According to the results of the analysis, we suggests that China should im-prove risk-sharing agreements theoretical basis, diversify risk-sharing agreements models, establish risk-sharing a-greements standardization process and so on.

Objective To summarize our experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic splenic rupture (TSR), in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment effect of TSR. Methods Retrospective (analysis) of the diagnosis and treatment of 184 patients with traumatic splenic rupture in recent 9 years was made. Results The preoperative correct diagnosis rate was 96.7% and was established on the history of (injury), clinical presentation, abdominal paracentesis, abdominal ultrasonography and CT. All the 34 of (patients) treated nonoperatively were cured. Of the 150 patients treated by operation, two died during operation and 148 patients were cured. Conclusions Combination of obtaining a detailed history of injury, physical examination, abdominal paracentesis, abdominal ultrasonography and CT can improve the accuracy rate of (preoperative) diagnosis.Under the ensurrance of the safety of the patients' life, preservation of the spleen should be performed if possible, especially for children. Both splenorrhaphy with or without ligation of splenic artery are simple, safe and effective methods to salvage the spleen.

Objectives To provide reference for the improve of health care system and healthcare insurance con-trolling method, through researching on the value-based healthcare paying system in South Korea. Methods The basic characteristics of the Korean health care system was researched, Specifically, its reform experiences of value-based health insurance review and assessment paying system,which government took. Results South Korea’s health care pay-ing system had achieved both good social and policy effects. Conclusions Value-based health care paying system is the main reason for the reducing of health care expenditures and making of scientific health policy.

OBJECTIVEBy observing the adipogenic and angiogenic microenvironment impact on the morphology of newly generated tissue for exploring the key factors which inducing mature adipose tissue regeneration in tissue engineering model.

METHODS24 healthy 6 months' New Zealand rabbits were picked and put into four groups according to different microenvironment. Every group has 6 rabbits and divided as follows: no axial-blood supply fat flap(0 ml), granular fat only(0.6 ml), axial blood vessel only (0.05 ml), axial vascularized fat flap ((0.6 ml). We separated or combined adipogenic and angiogenic environment within these groups. After 8 weeks, samples were harvested for histologic observation including macroscopic observation, volume analysis and HE testing.

RESULTSIn granular fat group, its volume decreased by (0.25 ± 0.10) ml after 8 weeks as the shortage of blood supply and finally it could be enveloped. In axial blood vessel group, its volume increased by (0. 37 ± 0. 04) ml after 8 weeks with fibrous tissue formation as shortage of adipogenic microenvironment. The no axial-blood supply fat flap group grew into(0.12 ± 0.03) ml, which can' t support large volume adipose tissue formation because of lacking independent blood supply. Only axial vascularized fat flap model could generate mature adipose tissue in large volume(3.45 ± 0.48) ml. The number of new capillary in every group was different after 8 weeks. By counting the numbers in every single view, no axial-blood supply fat flap group 15 ± 3.5)and granular fat only group(5 ± 2.5)had a significant difference with axial vascularized fat flap group 22 ± 5) respectively.

CONCLUSIONOnly both adipogenic or angiogenic microenvironment exist could induce mature adipose tissue in large volume in tissue engineering chamber model.

Adipogenesis ; physiology ; Adipose Tissue ; physiology ; Animals ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; physiology ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the surgical management of enophthalmos after severe malar maxillary complex fracture.

METHODSThe X-ray and CT examination were performed before operation to diagnose the orbital fracture and intraorbital tissue displacement. The fractured orbital rim was repositioned intraoperatively, followed by implantation of shaped titanium mesh to rebuild the orbital floor. The Medpor was inserted above the titanium mesh to correct the enophthalmos.

RESULTSFrom Sept. 2007 to Jan. 2009, 6 cases of enophthalmos after severe malar-maxillary complex fracture were treated. The enophthalmos was corrected or improved obviously in all the patients.

CONCLUSIONSThe enophthalmos after severe malar-maxillary complex fracture can be corrected or obviously improved. Shaped titanium mesh can be used to rebuild the orbital floor with the Medpor to reconstruct the intraorbital tissue volume.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Enophthalmos ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Fractures ; complications ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; surgery ; Polyethylenes ; Surgical Mesh ; Titanium ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Zygomatic Fractures ; complications

Objective To establish a molecular inversion probe ( MIP) method for detection of single base drug-resistance mutation in Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) gene.Methods The HBV wild type and YVDD mutant strain were isolated by Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University.The MIP was designed and applied to detect the HBV drug-resistance YVDD mutation in one case of wild type and one case of YVDD mutant HBV strain isolated previously.The results of MIP method were compared with that of sequencing to evaluate the detection accuracy.Results Thermal cycling single-base extension and connection reaction performed by Taq DNA Ligase and Ampligase DNA Ligase could ensure the specificity of the detection.The optimum probe concentration of MIP was 1 nmol/L.Through detection of the target gene with different DNA concentrations , the detection sensitivity of MIP was determined as 1 nmol/L.The results of MIP were consistent with that of sequencing method in detection of the clinical samples.Conclusion MIP is successfully used to detect single-base drug-resistance mutation in HBV gene.

Objective To assess the clinical significance of detecting the immune markers in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Methods The frequencies of circulating B cells secreting platelet-specific antibody, platelet-specific antibody, the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets, the percentage of reticulated platelet and the level of thrombopoietin in 64 ITP patients and 31 healthy controls were measured with enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT),modified monoclonal antibody immunobilization of platelet antigens assay (MAIPA), flow cytometry and sandwich enzyme-linked innnunosorbent assay respectively. Results Compared with the controls[1.3 ± 0. 5/105 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), (0.33±0.06,0.41±0.03), (22.08±4.54)% and (8.19±2.46)%], the frequencies of circulating B cells secreting platelet-specific antibody (7.6±4.6/105 PBMC in acute ITP group, 5.3±3.0/105 PBMC in chronic ITP group), platelet-specific antibody (including the anti-GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲa antibody, anti-GP Ⅰ b/X antibody) (0.51 ±0.11, 0.48±0.06 in acute ITP group; 0.49±0.10,0.46±0.09 in chronic ITP group), the percentage of CD8+ T Lymphocyte (27.09±9.86 ) %, the percentage of reticulated platelet in ITP patients[the megakaryocyte cytosis group (24. 85 ± 19. 18)%, the normal megakaryocyte group (23.89±18.90)%]were significantly increased ( all P＜0.05).The frequencies of circulating B cells secreting platelet-specific antibody in acute ITP patients were notably increased (P＜0.05) compared to the chronic ITP patients. In T lymphocyte subsets, the percentage of CD3+T lymphocyte and CD4+ T lymphocyte and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the patients with ITP[(60.88±14.59)%, (28.41±10.55)%, 1.18±0.59]were notably decreased than those in the healthy controls [(69.89±6.43)%, (35.38±5.05) %, 1.64±0.29, P＜0.05]. There was no apparent difference of the level of thrombopoietin between ITP patients with megakaryocyte cytosis (72. 09 ± 41.64 ) and health controls (75.37± 26. 32, P ＞ 0. 05 ), however, the level of thrombopoietin of ITP patients with normal megakaryocyte apparently increased (118.60±70.72, P＜0.05). Conclusion Detecting the frequencies of circulating B cells secreting platelet-specific antibody, platelet-specific antibody, the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets, the percentage of reticulated platelet and the level of thrombepoietin in the patients with ITP may improve the diagnosis and guide clinical therapy.