OBJECTIVE:To provide theoretical basis for pharmaceutical enterprises in their choice of suitable e-commerce application modes.METHODS:The options available for pharmaceutical enterprises in regard to e-commerce application modes were introduced and compared,and the influential factors that should be take into consideration in the selection for the pharmaceutical enterprises were studied as well through the method of factor analyses.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:A decision tree has been established for pharmaceutical enterprises in their selection of application modes of e-commerce.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with lung cancer hospital-ized in affiliated hospital of Hainan Medical College.Methods A retrospective study was performed from January 1st 2005 to December 31th 2009 in the Hospital.201 patients were enrolled in this study.Results The average onset age of patients with lung cancer was 66 years old.No difference in different gender.The incidence of male was 72.1%, which was higher than of female(27.9%).Male to female ratio was 2.6:1.70.3% of male patients with lung cancer had a history of smoking.146 cases(72.6%)were diagnosed by clinical data,only 55 cases(27.4%)were diagnosed by histopathology.134 cases(66.7%)hadn′t indications for surgery.only 17 cases(25.4%)agreed to have surgery among 67 cases (33.3%)with indications for surgery,50 cases(74.6%)didn't agree to have surgery.34 cases (16.9%)had no indications for chemotherapy.40 cases(24.0%)agreed to have chemotherapy among 167 cases (83.1%)with indications for chemotherapy,but only 14 cases(35.0%)had completed 4 to 6 cycles of chemotherapy, and 26 cases(65.0%)hadn't completed 4 to 6 cycles.8 cases(4.0%)agreed to have radiotherapy.3 cases(1.5%) agreed to have targeted therapy.3 cases (1.5%)transfered to other hospital.Conclusion The ratio of lung cancer patients in male is higher than female in the hospital.smoking is closely related to male patients.Clinical diagnosis rate of patients is high,whereas histopathologic diagnosis rate is low.The rate of the intervention that patients accepted is low and many patients give up available management after the diagnosis is made.

Objective To summarize our experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic splenic rupture (TSR), in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment effect of TSR. Methods Retrospective (analysis) of the diagnosis and treatment of 184 patients with traumatic splenic rupture in recent 9 years was made. Results The preoperative correct diagnosis rate was 96.7% and was established on the history of (injury), clinical presentation, abdominal paracentesis, abdominal ultrasonography and CT. All the 34 of (patients) treated nonoperatively were cured. Of the 150 patients treated by operation, two died during operation and 148 patients were cured. Conclusions Combination of obtaining a detailed history of injury, physical examination, abdominal paracentesis, abdominal ultrasonography and CT can improve the accuracy rate of (preoperative) diagnosis.Under the ensurrance of the safety of the patients' life, preservation of the spleen should be performed if possible, especially for children. Both splenorrhaphy with or without ligation of splenic artery are simple, safe and effective methods to salvage the spleen.

ObjectiveTo summarize the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of testicular tumor.MethodsThe clinical and followed data of 91 cases of testicular tumor were retrospectively studied. Results In 91 patients, was in 18-40 years old 70.3 ％ (64/91) and 91.2 ％ (83/91) cases were germ cell tumor. 18-40years old germ cell tumor was 75.6 ％ (28/37), there was no case below 17 years old, the older than 60 years was 2.7 ％(1/37). The percentage of below 5 years and 18-40 years was 16.1％ (5/31) and 67.7 ％ (21/31),respectively.The interstitial tissue tumor developed in each age section,the number was least.The mixed tumor cases of 18-40 years percent was 93.3 ％(14/15).The early symptom of testicular tumor was indolent swelling in one side testis or testis nodus.Combined therapy,including radical orchiectomy,retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, were taken. The one year, three years and five years survival rate were 97.3 ％, 91.8 ％, 91.8 ％, respectively. The percentage of Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ stage survived 5 years was 83.6 ％, 52.3 ％, 33.3 ％. ConclusionThe peak age of testicular tumor patients was 18-40 years old.The different pathological type is distributed in different ages,and the prognosis is related to pathology and stage. The survival time of germ cell tumor or early stage tumor is longer.

Objective To explore the possible risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASD),and to pro-vide a basis for exploring the etiology of the disease.Methods This case -control study included 68 patients diag-nosed as ASD for a first lifetime(according to the fourth edition of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disordersfor ASD diagnosis)from May 201 4 to January 201 5,and 77 non -ASD controls (normal children, matched on gender)in Jiangxi Children′s Hospital were selected to undergo the risk factor survey for ASD.The survey content included 1 0 categories:general status,birth,feeding,the past history,mother′s pregnancy and her health condi-tion during pregnancy and environmental exposure,parents′occupational exposure,family history and relevant test re-sults.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the results of the survey.Results The possible risk factors for ASD increased if mother had virus infection 2 years before pregnant (OR =7.97,95%CI:2.42 -26.31 ),had occu-pational exposure (OR =3.99,95%CI:1 .27 -1 2.52),volatile organic compounds exposure during pregnancy (OR =22.21 ,95%CI:2.28 -21 6.09),as well as living closely to transport passage ways during pregnancy (OR =0.59,95%CI:0.38 -0.93)or having a family heredity history (OR =58.50,95%CI:5.81 -589.57).Breastfeeding (OR =0.81 ,95%CI:0.66 -0.98)might be a protective factor in ASD.Conclusions In addition to genetic factors,the ute-rine environment from conception to birth and growth environment play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD.

Objective To analyze the features of onset, clinical pathological characteristics about the primary bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma.Methods From January 1990 to June 2015, we retrospectively reviewed the data from 15 patients diagnosed as primary bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma, including 10 male patients and 5 female patients.Their mean age was 58 years old, ranged from 41 to 78 years old.Among the fifteen patients, the initial symptoms included hematuria in 13 cases, lower abdominal pain in 1 case and urinary irritation symptom in 1 case.The ultrasound and CT scan revealed bladder tumors, which the size ranged from 2 to 6 cm.The location of bladder tumors included front wall in 12 cases, trigone zone in 2 cases and top wall in 1 case.Nine cases was suspected as tumor from urachal remnants.Eleven patients underwent partial cystectomy, three patients accepted the radical cystectomy and one case accepted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).Result Pathological diagnosis was bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma in all patients, including nine from urachal remnant and the others from urothelimn.The tumor exhibited the mushroom liked prominence, which was associated with surface ulceration and infiltrated into the depth of bladder.Meanwhile, it was covered with thick mucinous substances.The histologic examination revealed the presence of andenoid structure, composed by various degree of diferenfiated mucinous cells.In cases with adenocarcinomas from urachus, the residue of urachal tissue could be noticed.The bladder mucous was intact or ulcerated.No sign of metaplasia was observed.In the pathological diagnosis, the classification included grade Ⅲ in 3 cases, grade Ⅱ in 7 cases and grade Ⅰ in 5 cases.Ten persons reported the information of the follow up.Eight of them, whose tumor originated from urachus, accepted bladder-sparing surgery.One died from acute myocardial infarction after 23 months postoperatively.And one died from cerebral hemorrhage 45 months postoperatively.The others have been followed up from 8 to 65 months with no sign of recurrence.In two cases with urothelial carcinoma, one was found the new urothelial carcinoma 50 months after TURBT and one died from cancer metastasis 29 months after partial cystectomy.Conclusions Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the bladder possess the relatively high malignant tendency.The hematuria is the main initial symptoms.The histologic examination revealed the presence of different differentiated mucinous cells and formed the andenoid structure.The case with urachal remnant adenocarcinoma has the better prognosis than other types.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of piezoelectric osteotomy in lateral sinus floor augmentation.Meth-ods:53 implants were placed in 30 sites after lateral sinus floor augmentation(LSFA)in 29 patients by piezoelectric osteotomy.47 implants were placed simultaneously with LSFA,6 were delayed.6-8 months after implantation,the final fixed prostheses were per-formed.The patients were followed-up at 3,6,and 12th months after restoration.Results:The mean residual bone height(RBH) was 4.46 mm before operation.The mean height of sinus elevation was 7.34 mm after operation.No membrane perforation occurred. Peri-implantitis,peri-implant mucositis and implant mobility were not found during follow-up.X-ray examination showed good os-seointegration in the interface between the implants and bones.The implant survival rate and the operation success rate were 100%. Conclusion:The application of piezosurgery is safe and reliable in lateral sinus floor augmentation.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of a new tumor marker CK19-2G2 for lung cancer.Methods The serum levels of CK19-2G2 in 150 lung cancer patients,50 pulmonitis patients and 50 healthy controls were detected with chemoluminescence.The diagnostic efficacy between the serum levels of CK19-2G2 and CYFRA21-1 were compared.Results The sensitivity and accuracy of CK19-2G2 were 55.3 ％ (83/150) and 80.3 ％ (281/350),respectively,while the sensitivity and accuracy of CYFRA21-1 were 28.0 ％ (42/150) and 67.4 ％ (236/350),respectively.The differences were significant (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The detection of CK19-2G2 may be a new diagnostic tumor marker for lung cancer.

Objective To study the association between serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) level and human stromelysin-2 (ST2) level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated with interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and its correlation with lung function and other laboratory parameters.Methods Two hundred and forty-five newly diagnosed RA patients during March 2012 to March 2013 in the in-patient and out-patient clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College were enrolled into this study.Patients were further divided into RA group (n=187) and RA-ILD group (n=58).Sixty subjects who came to the hospital for routine health check-up was composed of the normal control group.The clinical data of the two groups and controls were collected and their serum IL-33 and ST2 concentrations were measured.The t test was used to compare the difference between the two groups.Multiple variance analysis was used to com-pare the difference between groups.Pearson's correlation analysis was applied to explore the relationship between IL-33 concentrations and related variables.Results ① This study showed that the prevalence of RA associated interstitial lung disease was 23.7％(58/245).② The concentration of IL-33 [(746±43) pg/ml] and ST2 [(3413±169)pg/ml] of the RA-ILD group was significantly higher than that of the RA group [(433±42) pg/ml,(1500±147) pg/ml] (P＜0.01).③The vital capacity (VC％),forced vital capac-ity (FVC％),maximal midexpiratary flow curve (MMF％) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) of the RA-ILD group were significantly lower than those of the RA group.④ The serum level of IL-33 was negatively correlated with that of RF and ACPA (IL-33 and RF,r=0.82,P＜0.01; IL-33 and ACPA,r=0.55,P＜0.01).Serum level of IL-33 was negaitively correlated with DLCO (r=-0.80,P＜0.01).Conclusion IL-33 participates in the pathogenesis of RA; and may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA-ILD.

Animals ; Glutamine ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Deprivation ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Thymus Gland ; metabolism ; Time Factors