Objective To investigate the consumption status of iodized salt and iodine nutrition status of Tianjin residents,and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Sampling methods:① Salt iodine:According to The National Project of Surveillance on IDD,the iodine in salt samples from 18 Tianjin districts (counties) was tested between 2002 to 2011.②Iodine nutritional status of children:Investigation of iodine nutritional status of children was conducted four times in 2002,2005,2009 and 2011.In 2002 and 2005,two primary schools were selected in each district.By age,gender parity principle,40 subjects aged from 8 to 10 in each school were randomly selected to perform thyroid examination and 20 of them were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.In 2009,according to their sub-area positions in the north,the south,the east,the west and the center of each district,5 primary schools were selected in each town (if there were less than five towns in the district,all towns had been selected).Twenty subjects aged from 8 to 10 in each school were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.In 2011,probability sampling method (PPS) was used to select 30 primary schools,and then 40 children aged from 8 to 10 were randomly selected in each school to examine thyroids.At the same time,urine samples from 12 children of the 40 selected children were tested.③Iodine nutritional status of women of childbearing age:In 2007,2008 and 2010,150,50 and 60 women of childbearing age were selected in Hangu District,urine samples of them were collected for determination of urinary iodine.④Iodine nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women:In 2011,3 towns around each primary school were selected.Five pregnant and five lactating women were selected in each town,urine samples of them were collected for determination of urinary iodine.Test methods:①Salt iodine was tested by direct titration,while Sichuan salt and other reinforced edible salt by arbitration determination based on the General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodide Ion (GB/T 13025.7-1999).②Thyroid was tested by B-type-ultrasound and judged according to Diagnostic Criterion of Endemic Goiter (WS 276-2007).③Urinary iodine was tested by the Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006).Results From 2002 to 2011,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt,the rate of qualified iodized salt,the coverage rate of iodized salt,the rate of non-iodinated salt was 92.7％(43 489/46 926),97.4％(43 489/44 694),95.1％ (44 694/46 926) and 4.8％(2273/46 926),respectively.The median salt iodine was in the range of 29.2-36.7 mg/kg.Children's urinary iodine was monitored 4 times,the median urinary iodine was 228.0,221.5,191.8; and 194.7 μg/L,respectively.Children goiter rates were 2.1％(27/1258),1.6％(19/1186) and 2.1％(26/1219) of the 3 times monitored.The median urinary iodine in pregnant and lactating women was 145.2 and 136.0 μg/L.The median urinary iodine in women of childbearing age was 130.7,196.1 and 229.5 μg/L,which increased with the increase of coverage of iodized salt.Conclusions The iodine nutrition of Tianjin residents,women of childbearing age and lactating women are at appropriate level.The iodine nutrition of pregnant women is lower than appropriate level.Recommended salt iodine level in our city is 30 mg/kg,or 25 mg/kg for ordinary residents,and 30 mg/kg for pregnant women.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of adult osteofluomsis in the endemic fluomsis areas in Tianjin and to provide scientific foundation for endemic fluorosis.Methods Stratified sampling in 55 villages were selected in 3 areas with slight,moderate and severe fluorosis regions in Tianjin from April to June in 2008.Water fluorine were tested and clinical osteofluorosis examinations were conducted to the population aging 16 and above in the villages.Tweenty villages were selected randomly in the slight,moderate and severe fluorosis regions.X-ray osteofluorosis examination were conducted to patients and suspected patients in these 20 villages.Results The geometric mean fluoride content in the water for the 3 areas were 1.35 mg/L,3.44 mg/L,5.49 mg/L,respectively.The prevalence of osteofluorosis were 36.7%(44/120),20.6%(33/160),39.4%(43/109),respectively.The prevalence of osteofluorosis Was increased gradually(r=0.534,P<0.01)and the symptoms and signs of the disease were more serious(H=84.813,P<0.01).The prevalence of X-ray diagnosis Was increased gradually(r=0.990,P<0.01)and signs of the disease were more severe(H=25.169,P<0.01)with an increase in age.There was no statistical significance of prevalence rate of osteofluorosis between males and females,regardless if it Was a clinical diagnosis(X2=0.343,P>0.05)or an X-ray diagnosis(X2=3.532,P>0.05).Conclusions Adult osteofluorosis to a certain extent is still prevalent in the fluorosis areas in Tianjin.Endemic fluorosis is still rampant.Improving water in fulorosis areas should be mandatory.

OBJECTIVETo explore method of recombinant gene lentivirus containing LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) in transfecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), and to observe the effect of gene LMP-1 on proliferation effect and expression of BMSC.

METHODSSix clean SD rats aged 4 weeks were selected, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted under sterile conditions and cultured to the third generation, then divided into three groups:control group (the third generation of BMSC), lentiviral vector transfection group (PGC-FU-GFP and Polybrene were injected into the third generation of BMSC) and recombinant gene transfection group (PGC-FU-LMP-1-GFP and Polybrene transfection were injected into the third generation of BMSC). After 48 hours' transfection, fluorescent expression were detected under immuno-fluorescence microscopy; lentiviral transfection efficiency were detected by flow cytometry; effect of lentiviral transfection on BMSC were evaluated by MTT; gene expression of transfected cells were determined by Western Blot.

RESULTS1) The third generation of BMSC was cultured successfully,and transfected with MOI:100. After 48 hours, green fluorescent expression were detected and transfection efficiency was 67% under immuno-fluorescence microscopy; 2) Compared to control group, there were no statistical differences between control group and other two groups; 3) Western blot teast showed that 72KDa specific band was observed in recombinant gene transfection group and its size was similar to LMP-1 fusion protein (50 kDa+28 kDa=78 kDa).

CONCLUSIONThere is no effect of recombinant gene lentivirus containing LIM on BMSC, and can effectively influence the expression of LMP-1.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; LIM Domain Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; virology ; Osteoporosis ; genetics ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo optimize formulation of tanshinone II(A)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and compare the difference of two methods in preparation and quality of nanoparticles.

METHODThe two methods were nanoprecipitation method and emulsion-evaporation method. Single factor experiments and central composite design and response surface method were used to optimize the formulation of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized at size, morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, drug recovery rate, crystallinity and drug release in vitro.

RESULTThe mean diameters were 225 nm and 183 nm, the entrapment efficiency were 95.49% and 87.99%, the drug loading were 2.03% and 0.16%, and the drug recovery rates were 38.42% and 17.59% respectively for nanoprecipitation method and emulsion-evaporation method.

CONCLUSIONNanoprecipitation method was better than emulsion-evaporation method for preparation of tanshinone II(A)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles.

Chemical Precipitation ; Crystallization ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Emulsions ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Phenanthrenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Volatilization

To explore the control principles of treatment amount of acupuncture and moxibustion for peripheral facial paralysis. (1) Early stage: in this period, the selected acupoints should be few, therapy should be easy and simple, and the treatment amount should be small and basically constant, which is called constant acupoints and amount. (2) Middle stage: the treatment of this stage should be given with more acupoints and various therapies, the treatment amount should be gradually increasing and reach the peak within a certain time and keep it for an appropriate time, which is called increasing acuponts and amount. (3) Late stage: the treatment at this stage should be given with more acupoints, lesser therapies, and the treatment amount should be gradually decreasding and get the valley point within a certain time, which is called more acupoints and less amount. (4) Sequelae stage: the selection of acupoints at this stage should be focus on areas which there are the obvious symptoms, and solo type of therapy and little treatment amount is required, which is called changing acupoints and little amount. In a word, the best therapeutic effect could be achieved on condition that the control principles of treatment amount for peripheral facial paralysis are followed during the clinical practice.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion

We report a 22-year-old man with a solid mass in the right proximal leg, which was furned out to be a gossypiboma. MR imaging revealed a well-defined mass lesion that showed intermediate signal intensity at T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and slightly high signal intensity at T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Wavy, low-signal-intensity stripes were visible within the fluid-filled central cavity. At surgical exploration, a sponge, retained after previous knee surgery, was discovered, and it was found that a granuloma had developed. Pathologic examination revealed granulomatous inflammation, with lymphocyte and giant cell infiltration. The presence of wavy, low-signal-intensity gauze fibers at T2WI may be a characteristic MR appearance of gossypiboma.

Dyspepsia is a syndrome consisting of epigastric pain, burning, fullness, discomfort, early satiety, nausea, vomiting and belching. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is diagnosed if upper gastrointestinal endoscopy does not show structural abnormality explaining these symptoms. 8%-30% and 8%-23% of Asian people suffer from of uninvestigated dyspepsia and FD, respectively. Most patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia are found to have FD. Patients with FD are usually young and there is no predilection to any gender. Overlap of FD with other functional bowel diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease is common in Asia. Cultural difference in reporting of symptoms of dyspepsia is well-known. Moreover, dietary factors, socio-cultural and psychological issues, gastrointestinal infection including that caused by Helicobacter pylori, frequency of organic diseases such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer responsible for dyspeptic symptoms in the study population may also influence epidemiology of dyspepsia. There is considerable heterogeneity in the above issues among different Asian countries. More studies on epidemiology of FD are needed in Asia.
Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Burns ; Dyspepsia ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Eructation ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Gastroparesis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Nausea ; Peptic Ulcer ; Population Characteristics ; Quality of Life ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVETo explore the toxic effect of fluoride on the human thyroid cells (Nthy-ori 3-1) and its mechanism.

METHODSNthy-ori 3-1 cells were exposed to 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 3.0 mmol/L of sodium fluoride (NaF) in vitro. After 24 hours incubation, 3 (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-z-yl)-3, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were used to measure cell viability and the LDH leakage rate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, constituent ratio of the cell cycle, and apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytometry.

RESULTSComparing to viability of control group (set as 100.00%), the cell viability of the 1.0, 3.0 mmol/L fluoride-treated groups (76.64 +/- 9.13)%, (64.04 +/- 6.32)% were significantly decreased (all P values <0.01). LDH leakage rate and ROS level of the 3.0 mmol/L fluoride-treated group ((48.66 +/-7.15)%, (29993.50 +/- 1786. 86) FI) were significantly increased (all P values <0.01) compared to control group ((35.24 +/- 3.02)%, (13021.33 +/- 1067.55) FI). The G0/G1 phase cells of the 1.0 mmol/L fluoride-treated group ((40.76 +/- 5.65)%) were lower than control group (60.09 +/- 1.76)% (P < 0.01), yet the percentage of cells in S phase ((54.05 +/- 4.59)%) were higher than the control group (32.59 +/- 2.43) % (P < 0.01). Comparing to control group ((9.64 +/- 3.44)%), the percentage of apoptosis cells increased in the 3.0 mmol/L fluoride-treated group ((20.09 +/- 3.22)%) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTo Nthy-ori 3-1 cells, fluoride under experimental concentrations decreases cell viability, improve the LDH leakage rate, and ROS level. It blocks the cells in S phase and induce cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Fluorides ; toxicity ; Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; analysis ; Thyroid Gland ; cytology ; drug effects

3a and 7a are nonstructural proteins of SARSCoV, which are encoded separately by ORF 3a and ORF 7a in SARSCoV genome. The expression of 3a has been founded in cells infected by virus in vivo or in vitro. Firstly, the pGL3Control vector was reconstructed , the pGL3Enhancer vector deletious of SV40 promoter gene was obtained . Then the IFN? promoter gene was cloned into the pGL3Enhancer vector and pGLIP21, the Luciferase reporter plasmid with IFN? promoter was established. The availability of pGLIP21 was verified by NDV ,the inductor of IFN?, the Luciferase activity was assayed in cells transfected with pGLIP21 by Luminometer. In order to see the function of 3a and 7a protein of SARSCoV,CHO cells expressing 3a or 7a protein were transfected with pGLIP21, the intensity of luciferase activity was analyzed . By analysis, in vitro, 3a and 7a protein of SARSCoV had the similar ability in triggering the expression of Luceferase gene, i.e 3a and 7a protein of SARSCoV could effectively activate the promoter fragment of IFN? gene. This result will help studying the function of 3a and 7a protein and provide a method to study the nosogenesis mechanism of SARSCoV.

Objective To explore the effect of air pollution on children’s respiratory diseases in Tianjin, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of diseases. Methods Conditional Logistic regression model of single pollutant and multiple pollutants was used to estimate the relationships between air pollutants concentration and children’s respiratory system diseases. Results Conditional Logistic regression model of single pollutant conditions showed that the excess risk (ER) effects and 95% CI of NO2, PM2.5, PM10 and CO appeared were 2.823%(2.581-3.065), 0.476%(0.382-0.569), 0.437%(0.368-0.506), 22.263%(15.449-29.478), respectively. Logistic regression analysis of multiple pollutants conditions showed that NO2 exposure had the greatest effect on children’s respiratory diseases in cold season, and the excess risk (ER) was 7.395%(6.595-8.202). Conclusion The elevated daily average concentration of NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and CO can increase the risk of children’s respiratory diseases.