Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Perception ; physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; physiology ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Rabbits ; Sound ; Swine

BACKGROUND: The quality of chest compressions can be significantly improved after training of rescuers according to the latest national guidelines of China. However, rescuers may be unable to maintain adequate compression or ventilation throughout a response of average emergency medical services because of increased rescuer fatigue. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in training of military medical university students during a prolonged basic life support (BLS). METHODS: A 3-hour BLS training was given to 120 military medical university students. Six months after the training, 115 students performed single rescuer BLS on a manikin for 8 minutes. The qualities of chest compressions as well as ventilations were assessed. RESULTS: The average compression depth and rate were 53.7±5.3 mm and 135.1±15.7 compressions per minute respectively. The proportion of chest compressions with appropriate depth was 71.7％±28.4％. The average ventilation volume was 847.2±260.4 mL and the proportion of students with adequate ventilation was 63.5％. Compared with male students, significantly lower compression depth (46.7±4.8 vs. 54.6±4.8 mm,P<0.001) and adequate compression rate (35.5％±26.5％ vs. 76.1％±25.1％,P<0.001) were observed in female students. CONCLUSIONS: CPR was found to be related to gender, body weight, and body mass index of students in this study. The quality of chest compressions was well maintained in male students during 8 minutes of conventional CPR but declined rapidly in female students after 2 minutes according to the latest national guidelines. Physical fitness and rescuer fatigue did not affect the quality of ventilation.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) immediately after radical surgery for high- risk organ-confined or locally advanced prostate cancer using the PSA-related biochemical relapse rate within 2 years after surgery.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 62 cases of high-risk organ-confined or locally advanced prostate cancer. The patients were treated by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy or radical retropubic prostatectomy after MRI and ECT systemic bone imaging examination, which revealed no regional lymph node or bone metastasis. Thirty-two of the patients (group A) received AHT orally or subcutaneously from 2 weeks to 1 months after operation, and another 30 (group B) were left untreated. We followed up the patients for 2 years, measuring the serum PSA level every 3 months, performing ECT every 6 months, and recording the adverse reactions, medication dura- tion, and the patients'quality of life.

RESULTSAll the operations were successfully accomplished. The rate of 2-year biochemical relapse-free survival was 78.13% (25/32) in group A and 53.33% (16/30) in group B.

CONCLUSIONAHT immediately after radical surgery can improve the rate of biochemical relapse-free survival of the patients with high-risk organ-confined or locally advanced prostate cancer and check the progression and metastasis of the disease.

Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; blood ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety and feasibility of testis-sparing surgery (TSS) in the treatment of testicular tumor.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 8 cases of benign testicular tumor treated by TSS in our hospital from October 2005 to March 2012.

RESULTSThe 8 patients, aged 18-67 (mean 45) years, were preoperatively diagnosed with benign testicular tumor and all underwent partial testis resection. Rapid intraoperative pathology showed the incisal margins to be negative. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed Sertoli cell tumor in 3 cases, adenomatoid tumor in another 3, and mature teratoma in the other 2. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 7 years (mean 4 years), which revealed no relapse and metastasis, nor significant differences from the baseline in the testosterone level, IIEF score, and routine semen parameters.

CONCLUSIONTestis-sparing surgery is one of the effective options for the management of benign testicular tumor, which can maximally preserve the testis tissue and protect the patient's sexual function.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sertoli Cell Tumor ; pathology ; surgery ; Teratoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Testis

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of harmful factors in tank cabins on renal function of tank crews.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty two tank crews as the observation group and 37 soldiers without tank environment exposure as control group were selected in the study. α1-microglobulin(α1-MG), β2-microglobulin(β2-MG), IgG, N-acetyl-β-glucosidase (NAG) and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in morning and 24 h urine were measured.

RESULTSCompared to the control group, the levels of α1-MG, β2-MG, NAG, UAER in observation group were increased significantly (P < 0.05). β2-MG, NAG, UAER of Soldiers with more than 50 motorized hours in observation group were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). β2-MG, NAG and UAER of soldiers divorced from tank occupation more than 3 years decreased to the normal levels. β2-MG of soldiers divorced from tank occupation more than 10 years was significantly higher than that of 6-10 years group.

CONCLUSIONTank occupational exposure influences the renal function of tank crews but not to a degree of clinical kidney disease. The renal function of crews divorced from tank occupation may recover but dysfunction of renal tubular reabsorption still exists.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; metabolism ; Albuminuria ; Alpha-Globulins ; metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Military Personnel ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; metabolism

Objective To optimize ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract as evaluation indexes, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process. With the inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion as evaluation indexes, saturated aqueous solution was used to L9(34) orthogonal experiments to reach optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix was extracted for 8 hours with 8 folds the amount of water, and without soaking. The validation experiments of extraction of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract were 1.23 mL and 0.387 9 mg/g. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows: volatile oil (mL): β-CD (g) was 1:8;inclusion temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3 hours. The validation experiments of inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion were 74.89% and 72.81%. Conclusion Optimum ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are feasible and stable, witch can provide certain supporting data for preparation production.

Objective To investigate the effects of Shenfu injection on blood pressure and heart rate of patients receiving carotid artery stenting.Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group , sixty cases in each group.The control group received conventional medication under custodial care , and the treatment group was given Shenfu ( 1 mL · kg -1 ) 10 minutes before surgery.Mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygen satu-ration (SpO2), as well as the frequency of intra -operative hypotension, and the applications of ephedrine and atropine were recorded respectively at the beginning of surgery , the 30 th minute during surgery , the end of surgery and 24 hours after the surgery.Results The operations were all successful , and no adverse reactions occurred.MAP in treatment group at the 30th minute during surgery was higher than in the control group , while it was lower than of the control group at the end of surgery ( P<0.01).HR in the treatment group (68.25 ±7.35) times· min-1 was lower than that of the control group (73.28 ±10.43)times· min-1 at the end of surgery (P<0.05 ).Conclusion Shenfu injection helps stabilize blood pressure and heart rate of patients receiving carotid artery stenting through the two-way adjustment , and it could reduce the occurrence of cerebrovascu-lar accident during the per -operative period.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of levodopa combined with entacapone in the treatment of Parkinson ’ s di-sease.Methods Fifty -four patients with Parkinson ’ s disease were randomly divided into treatment group(n=27) and control group(n=27). Control group was given levodopa 0.25 g oral, tid.Treatment group was treated with entacapone 0.2 g oral tid, on the basis of the control group . Two groups were treated for 16 weeks.The clinical efficacy , serum levels of interleukin(IL) -1β, IL-6, malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px) , scores of unified Parkin-son’ s disease rating scale ( UPDRS) and incidence of adverse drug reac-tions were compared between two groups .Results After treatment , the total effective rate of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group (92.59%vs 70.37%, P<0.05).After treatment, among the treatment and control group , the levels of serum IL -1βwere (32.32 ±0.32), (45.35 ±6.01)pg? L -1, IL-6 were (4.03 ±0.54), (6.78 ±0.82)pg? L-1, malonaldehyde were (14.72 ±2.21), (19.37 ±2.44)mmol? mg -1, UPDRS-Ⅱscore were (3.98 ±1.56), (11.74 ±1.25) point and UPDRS-Ⅲscore were (26.43 ±3.28), (31.54 ±4.17) point, and those indexes in treatment group after treat-ment were significantly lower than those of control group ( P<0.05 ) .After treatment , the levels of serum SOD were (135.55 ±17.84), (120.93 ±18.38)U? μg-1 and GSH-Px were (99.74 ±12.43), (90.73 ±10.84)U? μg-1 in treatment and control group , also the those indexes in treatment group after treatment were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05 ).The adverse drug reactions were based on the symptoms of nervous system , diges-tive system and skin for two groups.Also, the incidence of adverse drug reactions in control group was 14.81%, treat-ment group was 11.11%, the difference had no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05 ).Conclusion Levodopa combined with entacapone have a definitive clinical efficacy for the treatment of Parkinson ’ s disease , without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions .

OBJECTIVETo examine the RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in the blood and excretion of convalescent patient with SARS for prevention and treatment of the disease.

METHODSA total of 276 samples, including plasma, urine, feces and sputum, obtained from 23 convalescent patients with SARS were studied at 3 time-points at least 21 days after the onset of symptoms. RNA was extracted and nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out using SARS-CoV specific primers.

RESULTSAmong the 276 samples, SARS-CoV RNA was detected in 6 cases (38.8%) by nested RT-PCR. The positive rates of SARS-CoV RNA was 5.8% in feces and 2.9% in sputum samples but SARS-CoV RNA was not detectable in plasma and urine of all the cases.

CONCLUSIONThe existence of SARS-CoV RNA in the excretion of some convalescent patients with SARS showed that the excretion from these patients should be carefully treated whilthe re-transmission of SARS by which, should be further studied.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Convalescence ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; blood ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; virology ; Sputum ; virology

OBJECTIVETo obtain monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) protein to develop diagnostic test for SARS and study the pathogenesis of the disease.

METHODSBALB/c mice were immunized with purified N protein of SARS-CoV. Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against SARS-associated coronavirus nucleocapsid were established after cell fusion with mouse splenic cells and SP2/0 cells. The specificity of the McAbs obtained was examined by Western blot and indirect fluorescence assay. Epitopes reacted with the McAbs were preliminarily located through Western blot by expressing truncated N proteins.

RESULTSAfter cell fusion and three rounds of cell cloning, six hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specifically against SARS-CoV nucleocapsid were obtained. Western blot and indirect fluorescence assay showed that the McAbs reacted specifically with nucleocapsid protein and SARS-CoV. Among the six McAbs, three recognize the epitopes located in the N-terminus of the protein, whereas the others reacted with those located in the C-terminus.

CONCLUSIONThe anti-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid McAbs were developed and these McAbs may be useful in the development of diagnosis assays and basic research of SARS.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Antibodies, Viral ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Female ; Hybridomas ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; SARS Virus ; chemistry ; immunology