Objective To study the effects of different type of parathyroid damage to the postoperative functional recovery of parathyroid,through establish an animal model by simulating total thyroidectomy and parathyroid damage during surgical operation.Methods Experimental rabbits for the study were randomly divided into A,B,C,D four groups (n =8),Group A (control group):simple exposure,exploration thyroid and parathyroid;group B (vascular injury group):total thyroidectomy and ligation bilateral parathyroid blood supply but keep the surrounding membrane;Group C (membrane damage group):total thyroidectomy and damage membrane but reservations blood supply.Group D (composite damage group):total thyroidectomy plus membrane and blood both damage;All animals were monitored of serum calcium and PTH,preoperative 1 days and postoperative 1 st day,3rd day,5th day,7t day;cut the parathyroid HE staining to observed survival of parathyroid tissue and pathology damage when 7th day after operation.Results (1) Animals in each group preoperative serum calcium and PTH were no significant difference (P ＞0.05);(2)Group A postoperative serum calcium decreased,but at 5th day returned to preoperative level (P ＞ 0.05);Group B and C postoperative 1st day,3rd day,5th day serum calcium decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05)and to the lowest at 1 d and then gradually recovered,but group C faster recovered than group B (P ＜ 0.05);Group D postoperative 1 st day,3rd day serum calcium continued to decline significantly (P ＜ 0.05);(3) Group A postoperative serum PTH decreased,but at 7th days returned to preoperative level (P ＞ 0.05).Group B and C postoperative 1st day,3rd day,5th days serum PTH decreased significantly(P ＜0.05)and to the lowest at 1 d and then gradually recovered,but from postoperative 3rd day group C faster recovered than group B(P ＜ 0.05);Group D postoperative 1 st day,3rd day serum PTH continued to decline significantly (P ＜ O.05);(4) Pathology results:Group A parathyroid filled with chief cells and a small amount of vacuolar changes (5％ to 10％);Group B parathyroid hemorrhage,necrosis (40％ to 50％),part of the cell degeneration (30％ to 40％),center with fibrosis,seen granuloma and hyperplasia of parathyroid tissue in surrounding;Group C parathyroid bleeding (10％ to 20％),part of the cell degeneration (10％ to 20％);Group D parathyroid severe necrosis,almost no normal parathyroid tissue,significant fibrosis,less residual parathyroid tissue was scattered.Conclusions (l) The recover of Parathyroid function is influenced by the type of parathyroid in situ injury during thyroidectomy,composite damage of blood supply and membrane of parathyroid is the most serious,parathyroid ischemia necrosis,the function can not be restored,pure blood supply damaged,some can restore function,and the parathyroid gland with vascular pedicle can be recovered quickly.(2) Severe blood supply and membrane damaged,and even free parathyroid should be transplanted immediately during operation.

0.05).But there was less operation time and less volume of bleeding in the group one ( P

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of different assemblages formed by components of Shengmai Powder (SMP) on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in liver of thermal injured rat to find the optimal ratio of assembling for GR regulation.

METHODSWith a orthogonal design adopted, the dosage of each component of SMP, including the total saponins of Ginseng (G), the water extract of lilyturf root (L), and the water extract of schisandra fruit (S), was ranked in three levels, namely, no participating, low dosage (G 7.1 mg, L 17.2 mg, S 9.6 mg), high dosage (G 14.2 mg, L 34.4 mg, S 19.2 mg). The components were assigned by L9(3(4)) orthogonal table and grouped, the best assembling ratio was determined through direct and variance analysis.

RESULTSAfter being acted by the different assemblages, the maximum binding volume of GR in rat's liver cell suspension was 161 +/- 26 fmol/mg protein in group 1, 271 +/- 40 fmol/mg protein in group 2, 166 66 fmol/mg protein in group 3, 222 +/- 45 fmol/mg protein in group 4, 192 +/- 26 fmol/mg protein in group 5, 194 +/- 23 fmol/mg protein in group 6, 166 +/- 15 fmol/mg protein in group 7, 165 +/- 47 fmol/mg protein in group 8 and 211 +/- 79 fmol/mg protein in group 9. The optimal GR level appeared during the dosage of G, L and S was 7.1 mg, 17.2 mg and 19.2 mg, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe best assembling ratio of SMP for regulating GR in the liver of thermal injured rat was G:L:S = 3:3:4.

Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hot Temperature ; adverse effects ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study whether ginsenoside (GS) can regulate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in mice with ischemic liver damage, and to preliminarily observe its dose-effect relationship for providing an experimental bases in seeking a new way to relieve the damage from view of GR.

METHODSAdult male SD mouse was used to establish liver ischemia model, and different doses (100, 50, and 25 mg/kg) of GS was given via gastric infusion before modeling. The maximal GR binding capacity (Bmax) of liver and the level of GR mRNA expression in liver were dynamically determined at various time points (2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h) after modeling.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, GR Bmax and GR mRNA expression in model rats were lower obviously (P < 0.01). As compared with the control group, GR Bmax and GR mRNA expression in model rats treated with 50 mg/kg GS significantly raised at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h (P < 0.01), while the changes in modeling rats treated with other two doses of GS were of no statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONGS in dose of 50 mg/kg can elevate the GR Bmax of liver and the level of GR mRNA expression in liver of rats with ischemic damage.

Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Liver ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the surgical method and its clinical effects of minimally invasive osteosynthesis on the treatment of complex ankle fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to December 2011, 53 patients with complex ankle fractures were treated with minimally invasive osteosynthesis. There were 31 males and 22 females, with an average age of 38.2 years old (ranged, 18 to 65). According to the system of Lauge-Hansen, 32 fractures were supination external rotation injury (grade WV), 13 fractures were pronation external rotation (grade III or IV), 5 fractures were pronation abduction (grade III); and 3 fractures can not be classified due to serious comminution fracture of fibula. According to the system of Denis-Weber, there were 4 cases with type A, 34 cases with type B and 15 cases with type C. Seven cases were open fractures. The duration from injuries to operation ranged from 2 hours to 14 days with an average of 5 days. The sequence of reduction and fixation of ankle fractures was firstly posterior malleolus, then medial malleolus and lateral malleolus, and inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis lastly. The fractures of posterior malleolus were reduced and fixed through anterior ankle approaches; the fractures of medial and lateral malleolus were percutaneously fixed with bolts or blade plate or tensile force band; and inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were firmly fixed if necessary. Baird-Jackson scoring system was used to evaluate clinical effects.

RESULTSForty-eight patients were followed up from 10 to 36 months with an average of 13 months. The fractures got healing with an average time of 12 weeks (ranged, 10 to 18). According to the Baird-Jackson scoring system, the mean score of ankle function was 94.7 +/- 4.2, and 28 cases obtained excellent results, 15 good, 3 fair and 2 poor. One case experienced superficial infections and was cured by changing dressings, 2 cases experienced fixed syndesmosis screw breakage.

CONCLUSIONThe surgical method of minimally invasive osteosynthesis can ensure the anatomical join restoration, protect the blood supply of fracture end, rebuild the function of ankle joint, obtain satisfactory clinical results in treating complex ankle fractures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To obtain antibiotic-resistant mutants producing metabolites with antitumor activity from wild-type actinomycete strains without antitumor activity. Methods An actinomycete strain L35-1 was used as an initial strain for obtaining antibiotic-resistant mutants, which is a marine-derived wild-type strain without antitumor activity with an inhibition rate of 2.8% at the 1000 μg/ml of high sample concentration on K562 cells. The antibiotic-resistant mutants both from auto-mutagenesis and chemical mutagen-induced mutagenesis were selected by single colony isolation on antibiotic-containing plates according to the method for obtaining drug-resistant mutants in ribosome engineering. The antitumor activity was assayed by the MTT method using K562 cells for the mutants with aqueous acetone extracts of the whole broth of their fermentation.Results A total of 114 neomycin-resistant (ner) and 68 streptomycin-resistant (str) mutants, all from auto-mutagenesis, was obtained on drug-containing plates. Among them, the 7 ner and 3 str mutants appeared to be bioactive with an inhibition rate above 20% at the 100 μg/ml sample concentration on K562 cells. On the other hand, 41 str and 32 ner mutants from DES-induced mutagenesis and 46 ner mutants from NTG-induced mutagenesis were obtained by mutagen-induced mutation coupled with the single colony isolation on antibiotic-containing plates, among which, one str mutant from DES-induced mutagenesis and one ner mutant from NTG-induced mutagenesis were bioactive with an inhibition rate over 20% at the 100 μg/ml sample concentration on K562 cells. Conclusions The present result has revealed that the wild-type actinomycete strains without bioactivity might become a great source initial strains to obtain bioactive mutants by drug-resistant mutation technique.

Objective To investigate the biodistribution and gamma imaging of 99Tcm-arginine-glutamate-threonine (RET) in nude mice bearing lung cancer xenografts and to explore its feasibility for human lung cancer imaging.Methods RET was labeled directly with 99Tcm.The binding efficiency of 99Tcm-RET with human NSCLC H1299 cells was measured.99Tcm-RET was injected via the tail vein in nude mice bearing H1299 xenografts.The mice(n=32) were sacrificed at different time points:15 min,30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,24 h,and 48 h.Organs of interest were excised,weighted and counted by a gamma counter.The organ uptake was calculated as ％ID/g.The gamma imaging was performed on 3 mice at 0.5,1,2,4,4.5,5,6 h after intravenous injection of 4.81 MBq 99Tcm-RET.Results The radiolabeling yield of 99Tcm-RET was (93.15±2.02)％,and the binding efficiency of 99Tcm-RET with H1299 cells was (3.56±0.37)％.At 4 h after injection,the uptake of tumor,liver and spleen was (4.96±1.05) ％ID/g,(15.89±1.84) ％ID/g and (10.83±1.66) ％ID/g and the T/NT was 5.70±0.21 for the heart and 12.40±0.11 for the blood.The tumor in nude mice could be best visualized at 4.5-6.0 h.Conclusion 99Tcm-RET might have potential to serve as a lung cancer imaging agent.

Benign biliary stricture is a challenging problem in hepatobiliary surgery. Benign biliary stricture is associated with major portal vein variation, which is not be found in literatures. A male patient with benign biliary stricture was admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital in March, 2010.The stricture was located in the hilar confluence with intrahepatic biliary dilation and hepatolithiasis. The result of computed tomography showed that the hilar biliary confluence was compressed by the left portal vein and right anterior portal vein. The patient was cured after receiving gallbladder interposition, choledocholithotomy and T tube drainage. We suggested that the benign hilar biliary stricture due to portal vein variation may be named as biliary nut-craker syndrome.

Objective To explore the risk and treatment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in patients with liver cirrhosis and cholelithiasis.Methods To summarize the clinical data of 28 patients with liver cirrhosis and cholelithiasis.The patients were repeated right upper quadrant pain,including 4 cases of gallbladder neck stones incarcerated,gallbladder effusion.Among them,there were 20 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis,5 cases of schistosomiasis cirrhosis,3 cases of alcohol.Results There were 6 patients with hemorrhage during operation.Among them,5 patients were treated with gelatin sponge,hemostatic gauze and bio-glue spray to stop bleeding,1 case was transferred to open surgery because of bleeding.The remaining 27 cases of LC were successful.Complications occurred in 8 patients,3 cases of increased liver function abnormalities,1 case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding,1 case of mild hepatic encephalopathy,2 cases of significant ascites formation,1 patient underwent subtotal resection of the gallbladder with Hartmanns bag,and bile was found in the ascites after surgery,but the bile disappeared after five days.All patients with complications after symptomatic treatment were cured,no death,no major bleeding and liver failure,bile duct injury,severe biliary fistula and other serious complications.Conclusion Although the risk of LC in patients with liver cirrhosis is higher than that in the general population,with the help of current high-tech surgical instruments,we can safely accomplish this with an improved surgical procedure.As these patients require high technical requirements of surgery,surgeons must have a wealth of experience and familiar laparoscopic liver and gallbladder anatomy.

Objective To study the effect of temporary in vitro preservation of parathyroid on the activity of cells in the process of parathyroid auto-transplantation and function of postoperative in order to improve the survival rate of transplantation.Methods (1)Experimental rabbits for the study were randomly divided into three groups:group A,group B,group C,with 8 rabbits in each group.Then we remove the bilateral inferior parathyroid,in group A,the parathyroid glands were immediately formaldehyde-fixed;in group B and group C,the parathyroid glands were placed in normal saline in 4 ℃ and in room temperature (22-24 ℃) for 30 minutes respectively and then fixed;HE staining was performed on the left parathyroid glands to observe the morphology of the cells;Electron microscopic examination of the right parathyroid glands were performed to observe the ultrastructural changes of the cells.(2)Experimental rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:group D group E and group F,with 8 rabbits in each group,after total thyroidectomy,the double inferior parathyroid glands were took out,in group D,the parathyroid glands were immediately transplanted in bilateral anterior cervical muscles;in group E and group F,the parathyroid glands were placed in normal saline 4 ℃ and in room temperature (22-24 ℃) for 30 minutes respectively and then transplanted.All animals were monitored of serum calcium and PTH on preoperative 1 d and postoperative 1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d;the parathyroid was took out for HE staining to observed survival of parathyroid tissue and pathology damage when 7d after operation.Results (1) The normal parathyroid gland is mainly dominated by the chief cells,the nucleus of the chief cell was round and centered under electron microscope;there were no significant change in the morphology of parathyroid cells,and the mitoehondria of the cells were slightly swollen under 4 ℃;but the parathyroid gland cells were slightly swollen and partially vacuole degeneration,the morphology of the nucleus was irregular,and the mitochondria were extremely swollen and deformed,and the ridge was broken under room temperature.(2)three groups of rabbits after transplantation of parathyroid,serum calcium and PTH decreased significantly,and increased gradually,there was significant difference on the 7th day after the operaion between the two groups (P＜0.05);(3)in group D,the normal parathyroid cells densely distributed in the anterior cervical muscle tissue;in group E,A large number of parathyroid cells survived in muscle tissue,with some vacuolated;in group F,only part of healthy parathyroid ceils scattered in the muscle.Conclusion Parathyroid should be preserved in 4 ℃ normal saline during the operation,and the transplant should be completed in 30 minutes as far as possible.