OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in roots of Caragana sinica.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSeven compounds were identified as (+) - stenophyllol B (1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), odoratin (3), resveratrol (4), cararosinol A (5), leachinol C (6), carasinaurone (7) respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was a new compound which was the enantiomer of stenophyllol B. Compounds 2-6 were obtained from the plant for the first time.

Caragana ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gel ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Parabens ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; analysis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture complicating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the effect of combined anterior and posterior operation.

METHODSEighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated operatively from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years on average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D according to Frankel's score. There were 15 cases of Grade III dislocation and 3 cases of Grade II. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach.

RESULTSThere were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-anterior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage surgeries. There was certain extent of neurological improvement in 14 incomplete paraplegic patients, but no improvement in 4 complete paraplegic patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months on average and the time for bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during operation and a long-term complication in follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSThe study suggests that anterior combined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is a reasonable surgical strategy for treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; complications

OBJECTIVETo analyze the degrees on the epidemic foci of Angiostronglus cantonensis and to explore the measurement methods.

METHODSSnails (Pila gigas) were collected from the spots of Wenzhou, Cangnan, Yongjia, Yueqing in Zhejiang province and Minhou, Changle, Ningde in Fujian province. The snails were examined microscopically in order to calculate their infection rates and the average worm number in the positive snails, then taking the product of multiplication of both values as infestation index.

RESULTSThe infection rates of the epidemic foci were 10.59% (9/85), 60.74% (181/298), 34.96% (79/226), 32.90% (76/231), 57.50% (184/320), 40.00% (82/205), 17.65% (12/68) and the rates of infectivity were 6.57, 183.54, 121.73, 93.45, 276.36, 76.08, 12.65, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe epidemic foci were divided into five ranks (super, high, mid-range, low and non-epidemic foci) according to the value of infestation index which ranked from > 75, 30-75, 5-29, < 5 to 0.

Angiostrongylus ; pathogenicity ; Animals ; China ; Disease Outbreaks ; Snails ; parasitology ; Strongylida Infections ; epidemiology

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide donor NaHS administration against gastric mucosal injury induced by gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GI-R) in rats. GI-R injury was induced by clamping the celiac artery of adult male SD rats for 30 min and followed by reperfusion for 1 h. The rats were randomly divided into sham group, GI-R group, NaHS group, glibenclamide group and pinacidil group. Gastric mucosal damage was analyzed with macroscopic injured area, deep damage was assessed with histopathology scores, and the hydrogen sulfide concentration in plasma was determined by colorimetric method. The results showed that pretreatment of NaHS significantly reduced the injured area and deep damage of the gastric mucosa induced by GI-R. However, NaHS did not significantly alter the levels of hydrogen sulfide in plasma 14 d after NaHS administration. The gastric protective effect of NaHS during reperfusion could be attenuated by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) blocker. However, K(ATP) opener pinacidil inhibited the GI-R-induced injury. These results suggest that exogenous hydrogen sulfide plays a protective role against GI-R injury in rats possibly through modulation of K(ATP) channel opening.
Animals ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; KATP Channels ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Stomach ; blood supply ; Sulfides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo express endotoxin binding peptide and its mutant in E coli DH5alpha and detect the antiendotoxin activity of the purified peptides.

METHODS(1 ) E coli DH5at containing pinpointXa3-EBP and pinpointXa3-mEBP was activated by IPTG to express biotin fusion protein. The fusion proteins were purified, and then digested by factor Xa for isolation of EBP and mEBP. The target peptide was purified with affinity chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Sequences of 10 amino acids at N-terminal were used for identification of mEBP. (2) PBMCs were isolated from blood of normal people, and they were stimulated with 5 mg/L FITC-LPS plus 2.0,5. 0 and 12. 5 mg/L EBP or mEBP. Then the mean fluorescent intensity was detected. PBMC was also stimulated with 1 mg/L LPS plus 2.0, 5.0 and 12.5 mg/L EBP or mEBP for 5 hours for the detection of the TNF-alpha and IL-6 level in the supernatant. (3) Thirty-five Kunming mice were randomized into normal control ( n = 5, with intraperitoneal injection of 0. 2 ml isotonic saline) , model group(n = 5, with intraperitoneal injection of LPS and 20% TBSA full-thickness burns), and treatment group (n = 15, with intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg PMB or 10 mg/kg EBP or mEBP after burns). The serum contents of TNF-a and IL-6, and TNF-alpha mRNA level in hepatic tissue in each group were determined 6 hours after treatment.

RESULTS( 1 ) EBP and mEBP were obtained after Xa digestion of biotin fusion protein, with purity reaching above 98% . The sequence of 10 amino acid at N-terminal was in accord with what expected. (2) The fluorescent intensity was decreased followed by an increase in mEBP or EBP concentration. Compared with normal PMBC, IL-6 and TNF-alpha level in the supernatant were obviously lowered in 1 mg/L LPS + 12.5 mg/L EBP group and I mg/L LPS +2. O0 , 5. 0, 12. 5 mg/L mEBP groups ( P < 0.01). (3) The serum level of IL-6 and TNF-ca in the therapeutic groups were obviously lower than that in model group ( P < 0.01 ) , and the levels of these cytokines were significantly lower in 10 mg/kg mEBP group than that in 10 mg/kg EBP group ( P <0. 01) , but they were similar to that in 5 mg/kg PMB treatment group ( P >0.05). (4) Relative optical density of TNF-alpha. mRNA in control, model, 10 mg/kg mEBP, 10 mg/kg EBP and 5 mg/kg PMB groups was 0.25, 0.93, 0.51 , 0.77 and 0.43, respectively.

CONCLUSIONEndotoxin binding peptides can be obtained by procaryon expression. Both EBP and mEBP have anti-LPS activity, but mEBP is more effective.

Animals ; Endotoxins ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mutant Proteins ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Peptides ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the role of different lymphadenectomy in the treatment of selected clinical-stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.

METHODSAll 115 postoperative patients admitted from January 1997 to May 2002 with pathologic-stage T1 who had been preoperatively diagnosed as clinical-stage I A non-small cell lung cancer were divided into a radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy (LA) group and a mediastinal lymph node sampling (LS) group. Impacts on morbidity, N staging, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated in each group respectively. Associations between clinical-pathological parameters (age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, pathological type and lymph node metastases) and OS, DFS were analyzed. The cumulative OS and DFS was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test.

RESULTSThe mean number of dissected lymph nodes was (15.98 +/- 3.05) in LA group and (6.48 +/- 2.16) in LS group with a significant difference (P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference existed in modification of N staging, OS and DFS between LA group and LS group. However, for patients with lesions of a diameter more than 2 cm, 5-year OS in LA group was significantly higher than that in LS groups (LA vs. LS = 78.2% vs. 54.5% ,P < 0.05), also 5-year DFS was significantly higher (LA vs. LS = 75.1% vs. 51.3%, P < 0.05). For patients with lesions of 2 cm or less, 5-year OS and 5-year DFS were similar in both groups. The early surgery-related parameters (duration of surgery, drain secretion and morbidity) indicated a slighter invasion in LS group. In addition, patients with large cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma were associated with significantly poor 5-year OS (P < 0.05) , and patients with lymph node metastases were associated with poor 5-year OS as well as 5-year DFS (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAfter being intraoperatively identified as T1 stage, patients with lesions of more than 2 cm in clinical-stage IA non-small cell lung cancer should be performed with LA to get a better survival, and patients with lesions of 2 cm or less should be performed with LS to decrease invasion.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinum ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of importing triamcinolone acetonide into hypertrophic scars with skin roller needles.

METHODSThirty-two cases with burn hypertrophic scar were treated. The skin roller needles were moved back and forth on the hypertrophic scars with triamcinolone acetonide dropping on the scar surface at the same time. So the triamcinolone acetonide could be imported into the scar through needles and needle holes. The effect was evaluated as cured, effective, and no effect. The Vancouver scaring criteria and visual analogue scale was used to assess the scar color, thickness, texture and feeling before and after treatment, as well as at the untreated scar area (control).

RESULTSThirty-two cases were treated 1-3 times, including 28 cases with cured result and 4 cases with effective result. The total effective rate was 100%. The scar color, thickness, texture and feeling was significantly different between the scar before and after treatment, or between the treated and untreated scar (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSImporting triamcinolone acetonide into hypertrophic scars with skin roller needles is effective. It is a new method for the treatment of large hypertrophic scar with medicine.

Burns ; complications ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; instrumentation ; Needles ; Treatment Outcome ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo investigate angiogenesis of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold, and to study survive of skin grafts on the scaffold after bilayer dermal equivalent (BDE) was transplanted on wounds with full thickness skin defects.

METHODSThe full thickness skin defects were made on 10 Bama miniature pigs and the BDE composed of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold and silicone membrane was transplanted on wound. Angiogenesis in dermal equivalent, wound healing, and healing and survive of skin grafts on dermal equivalent were observed in 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation. At the same time, CD34 positive signals (neo-forming micro-vessels) were detected by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSInflammatory cells and fibroblasts infiltrated into dermal equivalent and a few new micro-vessels had been formed in 1 week after the BDE transplantation; neo-forming micro-vessels perpendicular to wound bed had increased significantly in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation; neo-forming micro-vessels could be observed in almost all dermal equivalents in 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation. CD34 positive signals (neo-forming micro-vessels) in 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation was much more than those in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation, and CD34 positive signals in 2 weeks after the BDE transplantation was much more than those in 1 week after the BDE transplantation. Survival rate of intermediate split thickness skin graft were 10%, 70% and 100% respectively after the skin grafts had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffold which had been transplanted for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Epidermis which had been grafted on surface of the scaffold for 1 or 2 weeks could perfectly survive after BDE had been transplanted for 1 or 2 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSCollagen-chitosan porous scaffold plays a very important role in wound healing of full thickness skin defect and can induce fibroblast infiltration and new micro-vessel formation. Epidermis grafted on surface of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold can perfectly repair wounds, and it has brilliant applied prospects in repairing skin defect.

Animals ; Chitosan ; Collagen ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Silicones ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo investigate biosynthetic and apoptotic mechanisms in repair of full thickness skin defect with collagen-chitosan porous scaffold transplantation, and to determinate differences between wound repair with the scaffold transplantation and scar healing without the scaffold transplantation.

METHODSThe full thickness skin defects were made on 10 Bama miniature pigs and the bilayer dermal equivalent (BDE) composed of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold and silicone membrane was transplanted on wounds. Surfaces of wounds were observed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation, and so were done the wound repairs after epidermis had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffold which had been transplanted on skin defect wounds for 2 weeks. At the same time, TGF-beta1 expressions, apoptosis and self collagen replacement of scaffolds in wounds were detected in situ by immunohistochemical staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and picrosirius red polarized light. Wounds without scaffold transplantation were studied as control.

RESULTS1) Wounds with the scaffold transplantation were different from granulation tissue. 2) The peak of TGF-beta1 expression in the scaffold wounds was from 1 to 2 weeks after BDE transplantation, and TGF-beta1 expressions decreased continuously from 3 to 4 weeks. TGF-beta1 expressions increased continuously in the control wounds from 1 to 3 weeks and decreased on 4 weeks. TGF-beta1 expressions in the scaffold wounds on 1st and 2nd week were significantly higher than those in the corresponding control wounds, whereas, TGF-beta1 expressions in the scaffold wounds on 3rd and 4th week were significantly lower than those in the corresponding control wounds. 3) Apoptosis increased continuously in the scaffold wounds from 2 to 4 weeks after BDE transplantation, and so did in the control wounds from 3 to 4 weeks. However, apoptosis signals in the scaffold wounds on 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after BDE transplantation were significantly more than those in the corresponding control wounds, and there was no difference between apoptosis signals in the scaffold wounds on 1st week after BDE transplantation and those in the corresponding control wounds. 4) Observation by picrosirius red polarized light method: self collagen began to synthesize in the scaffold wounds on 1st week after BDE transplantation, and scaffolds had been replaced by self collagen from 2 to 3 weeks after BDE transplantation.

CONCLUSIONSCollagen-chitosan porous scaffold plays a very important role in wound healing of full thickness skin defect. The mechanisms of wound repair by dermal scaffold are different from those by granulation and scar healing. It has a good future in repairing skin defect.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Chitosan ; metabolism ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Dermis ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Skin Irritancy Tests ; Skin, Artificial ; Stents ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tissue Engineering ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution of SNP276 in adiponectin gene in Chinese Hans and its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin sensitivity.

METHODSThe study population consisted of 417 Chinese Hans residents in Anhui province, including 141 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 276 with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The islet beta-cell insulin secretion and tissue insulin sensitivity were assessed by formulae of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR & HOMA beta). Firstly, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to determine whether variation exists in APM1. Then, exact variation was detected by automated DNA direct sequencing.

RESULTSThe genotypes of APM1 SNP276 were 0.489 GG, 0.418 GT and 0.092 TT and the major allele was G (frequency=0.699) in subjects with NGT. The distributions of genotypes and alleles of SNP276 both displayed significant difference between NGT and T2DM groups (P=0.031 and 0.013). The SNP276 non-TT (TG+GG) genotype was associated with increased risk of T2DM (OR=2.447, 95%CI: 1.067-5.612, P=0.035). In T2DM group, the subjects with SNP276 GG or GT genotype had higher body mass index, body fat content, fasting plasma glucose and HOMA-IR than did those with TT genotype (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Besides, GG genotype had higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.021). In NGT group, SNP276 non-TT carrier had increased body mass index, body fat content, waist hip ratio, fasting plasma insulin, oral glucose tolerance test 2 h plasma insulin and HOMA-IR when compared with TT genotype (P < 0.05 or 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNP276 in APM1 was associated with T2DM and insulin sensitivity.

Adiponectin ; genetics ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sequence Analysis, DNA