BACKGROUND: The quality of chest compressions can be significantly improved after training of rescuers according to the latest national guidelines of China. However, rescuers may be unable to maintain adequate compression or ventilation throughout a response of average emergency medical services because of increased rescuer fatigue. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in training of military medical university students during a prolonged basic life support (BLS). METHODS: A 3-hour BLS training was given to 120 military medical university students. Six months after the training, 115 students performed single rescuer BLS on a manikin for 8 minutes. The qualities of chest compressions as well as ventilations were assessed. RESULTS: The average compression depth and rate were 53.7±5.3 mm and 135.1±15.7 compressions per minute respectively. The proportion of chest compressions with appropriate depth was 71.7％±28.4％. The average ventilation volume was 847.2±260.4 mL and the proportion of students with adequate ventilation was 63.5％. Compared with male students, significantly lower compression depth (46.7±4.8 vs. 54.6±4.8 mm,P<0.001) and adequate compression rate (35.5％±26.5％ vs. 76.1％±25.1％,P<0.001) were observed in female students. CONCLUSIONS: CPR was found to be related to gender, body weight, and body mass index of students in this study. The quality of chest compressions was well maintained in male students during 8 minutes of conventional CPR but declined rapidly in female students after 2 minutes according to the latest national guidelines. Physical fitness and rescuer fatigue did not affect the quality of ventilation.

OBJECTIVETo detect the changes of the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 gene in the denervated testis, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the apoptosis of germ cells induced by testicular denervation at the genetic translation level.

METHODSEighteen mature SD rats (350-375 g) were equally divided into 3 groups: a sham operation group( SO) , a superior spermatic nerve group (SSN) and an inferior spermatic nerve group (ISN) , and the latter two received bilateral surgical removal of the superior spermatic nerve and the inferior spermatic nerve, respectively. The animals were killed I month after the operation. ISH SP-method was used to detect the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 protein.

RESULTSSignificant up-regulation of Bax protein was detected in both the treatment groups 1 month after surgery( P <0. 05) , and the level of Bcl-2 protein remained unchanged.

CONCLUSIONBax gene is involved in the apoptosis of germ cells induced by testicular denervation.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Denervation ; Leydig Cells ; metabolism ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatogonia ; metabolism ; Testis ; innervation ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of spermatic nerves in the regulation of spermatogenesis.

METHODSFifty-four mature SD male rats (350-375 g) were randomized into a sham operation group (SO) and three experiment groups, and the latter underwent bilateral surgical removal of the superior spermatic nerve (SSN) or/and the inferior spermatic nerve (ISN). The animals were killed 1 month and 2 months after the operation. HE stain was used to observe spermatogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) were employed to detect apoptosis.

RESULTSImpaired spermatogenesis was observed 2 months after the operation, with only Sertoli cells and a few spermatogonia remaining in the regressed tubules in all the treatment groups. The abnormal tubules in the SSN, ISN and SSN + ISN denervated testes accounted for (13.25 +/- 2.03)%, (11.0 +/- 4.36)% and (34.17 +/- 3.78)% respectively. Chromosome condensation and fragmentation in the germ cells were observed under the electron transmission microscope in all the denervated testes. TUNEL showed the spermatogonia and Leydig cells to be apoptotic in all the denervated testes and the incidence of the apoptotic cells in the SSN + ISN denervated testes was significantly higher than in the SSN or ISN denervated ones.

CONCLUSIONSpermatic nerves play an important role in spermatogenesis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Denervation ; Germ Cells ; pathology ; Leydig Cells ; pathology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatic Cord ; innervation ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Spermatogonia ; pathology ; Testis ; innervation

The discovery of quorum sensing (QS) system and its critical role in bacterial virulence have revealed a new way to attack pathogenic bacterium. The pathogenecity of QS deletion mutants decreases significantly. Targeting bacterial QS system is a promising therapeutic approach to control infections and anti-microbial resistance. To obtain natural QS inhibitors from marine organisms, marine fungi (69 strains) were isolated from marine mollusca, and their extracts were screened using improved QSIS2 (Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Selector 2) assay and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. To improve the efficiency of QSIS2 screening, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method was used. Extract from strain QY013 was found to have QS inhibitory activity. Further experiment indicated that pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOI and violacein in C. violaceum CV026 were reduced by QY013 extract, without affecting bacterial growth. Morphological and 18S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that strain QY013 was most closely related to Penicillium species. The above results suggest that active constituents from QY013 may be used as novel antimicrobial agents against bacterial infection.
Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Fungi ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Marine Biology ; Mollusca ; microbiology ; Penicillium ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Quorum Sensing ; drug effects ; Virulence ; drug effects

In recent years, antibiotic resistance of bacteria has become a global health crisis. Especially, the new class of "superbug" was found in South Asia, which is resistant to almost known antibiotics and causes worldwide alarm. Through the underlying mechanisms of bacterial pathogenecity, the expression of many pathogen virulence factors is regulated by the process of quorum sensing. Screening efficient quorum sensing inhibitors is an especially compelling approach to the future treatment of bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance. This article focuses on bacterial quorum sensing system, quorum sensing screening model for in vitro and evaluation of animal models in vivo, recent research of quorum sensing inhibitors and so on.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Quorum Sensing ; drug effects ; physiology ; Virulence ; drug effects ; Virulence Factors ; metabolism

Dishevelled proteins are multifunctional and highly conserved. These proteins are also required for the specification of cell fate and polarity by secreted Wnt proteins. To investigate the molecular mechanism of Dishevelled in mediating Wnt signal transduction, a mouse 11.5dpc embryo library was screened by yeast-two-hybrid system to find mouse Dishevelled2 DEP domain and C-terminal interacting proteins. 15 possitive clones were identified from 4.1 x 10(6) transformants. The DNA sequences of the positive AD/library plasmids were determined. The BLAST results revealed that one of the positive clones contained N-terminus cDNA fragments (amino acids 6-122) of Gli3 protein. The interaction between Dv12 and Gli3 detected by yeast two-hybrid system suggests that Gli3 might play a role in some biological processes with Dishevelled.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Animals ; Dishevelled Proteins ; Gene Library ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; physiology ; Phosphoproteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Plasmids ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Wnt Proteins ; physiology ; Zinc Finger Protein Gli3

OBJECTIVETo study the survival and prognostic implication in surgically resected satellite-nodule T4 (T4 satellite) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSFrom January 1995 to March 2005, the complete resection was performed to 42 patients with NSCLC who were postoperatively identified as pathologic-stage T4 satellite. Survival and associations between clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed. Thirty-two patients with pathologic stage local-invasion T4 (T4 invasion) NSCLC who underwent resection at the same time were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe 1-, 3- and 5-year survival was 76.2%, 57.1% and 46.0% for patients with T4 satellite, while 62.3%, 31.5% and 20.0% for patients with T4 invasion. There was a significant higher survival in T4 satellite group when compared to that in T4 invasion group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with T4 satellite N0M0 got a better survival than those with T4 satellite N1-2M0, T4 invasion N0M0 and T4 invasion N1 -2M0 (P < 0.05). For patients with T4 satellite, univariate analysis showed that histology, main tumor size, lymph node status and adjuvant chemotherapy were linked with survival, while main tumor size, lymph node status and adjuvant chemotherapy served as the independent prognostic factors with multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with completely resected T4 satellite NSCLC have a better prognosis than those with T4 invasion. Main tumor size over 3 cm, lymph node metastasis or no adjuvant chemotherapy means an unfavorable prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pneumonectomy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on pulmonary vascular resistance in patients after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC).

METHODSFifty-two patients after TCPC were evaluated, of them 24 patients were administered with inhaled nitric oxide in the early postoperative period. The cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were compared before and after inhaled NO.

RESULTSIn experimental group, after inhaled NO, partial pressure of oxygen in artery/fraction of inspired oxygen increased from 161 +/- 17 to 193 +/- 23 (t = 2.75, P < 0.01); CI from (2.86 +/- 0.24) L.min(-1).m(-2) to (3.13 +/- 0.22) L.min(-1).m(-2) (t = 2.25, P < 0.05); PVR decreased from (4.2 +/- 0.5) U/m(2) to (3.8 +/- 1.4) U/m(2) (t = 2.29, P < 0.05); central venous pressure (CVP) from (17.0 +/- 1.8) mm Hg to (15.0 +/- 1.1) mm Hg, decreased 11.7%. Compared with the control group, respirator time decreased from (86 +/- 27) h to (54 +/- 18) h (t = 2.29, P < 0.05); ICU time from (6 +/- 2) d to (4 +/- 2) d (t = 2.32, P < 0.05); But hydrothorax drainage and length of stay had no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONSThough inhaled NO, there is no significant long-term effects in patients after TCPC, but it may play an important role in the management of low cardiac output syndrome and high cava pressure caused by reactive elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in the early postoperative period of TCPC.

Administration, Inhalation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical ; methods ; Cardiac Output ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Period ; Pulmonary Artery ; physiology ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Venae Cavae ; surgery

In order to confirm the cause of the outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Zhejiang Province in 2002-2004, trace the pathogen and analyze the molecular characteristics, 271 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and faeces specimens were collected from suspected patients. The virus strains from the specimens were isolated with RD and Hep-2 cell lines. The VP1 and VP4/VP2 genes of the isolated viruses were sequenced, and their phylogenetic and homology trees were also constructed. Of the total 271 samples, 78 Echovirus type 30 (E30) strains were isolated. All of the complete VP1 genes in 31 sequenced virus isolates of E30 were composed of 876 nt without any insertion or deletion, encoding 292 amino acids (aa). The identity of nucleotide and amino acid in VP1 gene were 84.7%-86.3% and 92.1%-94.2% between the 31 Zhejiang strains and the prototype strain Bastianni of E30, and 87.1%-99.4% and 96.2%-100% among the 31 Zhejiang strains, respectively. The Zhejiang strains of E30 in the phylogenetic tree of the VP1 gene were attributed into two branches of the G and H genotype, respectively. In G genotype, the Shangdong and Jiangsu E30 strains in 2003 among domestic strains and Ukraine E30 strain in 1999 among overseas strains had maximum similarity with the Zhejiang strains, while H genotype had maximum similarity with the Korea E30 strains in 2008. The phylogenetic tree of the VP4/VP2 genes was similar to that of VP1 gene. The results indicated that the outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Zhejiang Provinec in 2002-2004 was caused by the G and H genotypes of E30 strains existing simultaneously. The H genotype was a new variant strain, which was first isolated in Zhejiang Province in 2002.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; virology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus B, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Feces ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; epidemiology ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment

Objective To optimize ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract as evaluation indexes, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process. With the inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion as evaluation indexes, saturated aqueous solution was used to L9(34) orthogonal experiments to reach optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix was extracted for 8 hours with 8 folds the amount of water, and without soaking. The validation experiments of extraction of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract were 1.23 mL and 0.387 9 mg/g. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows: volatile oil (mL): β-CD (g) was 1:8;inclusion temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3 hours. The validation experiments of inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion were 74.89% and 72.81%. Conclusion Optimum ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are feasible and stable, witch can provide certain supporting data for preparation production.