There is a new research model named 'registry study/patient registry' in Western medicine, which could be referred to by Chinese medicine researchers, such as active safety surveillance. This article will introduce registry study from different aspects as the developing history, features, and application in order to inform Chinese medicine researchers of future studies.
Marketing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; economics ; Phytotherapy ; adverse effects ; economics ; Registries ; Safety Management ; methods

Objective To observe the serum level of C-reactive protein(CRP) in transient ischemic attack(TIA) patients,and to assess the correlation between CRP and other dangerous factors of cerebral infarction.Methods 102 TIA patients were divided into two groups: TIA deteriorated into cerebral infarction in two weeks(group A,n=40) and TIA could be relieved in two weeks(group B,n=62).Many factors were measured within 24 h,such as CRP,BP,BS,FIB,TC,TG,HDL-L,and LDL-L.67 healthy subjects were usded as control group.Relative analysis was performed between CRP and 8 parameters mentioned above.Results ①The serum CRP level of TIA patients was higher than that of healthy controls(P

Objective: To investigate the effect of rhubarb on gastrointestinal blood perfusion in critical illness and hemorrhagic shocked rats.Methods: Clinical Study: Sixty-four septic patients, who suffered from stress ulcer, were treated with rhubarb at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Twenty-five non-septic patients were taken as control. The gastrointestinal perfusion was evaluated by intramural pH (pHi). Animal study: SD rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal sodium pentobarbital at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Blood-letting were performed in the animals. Blood pressure reduced to 5.32 kPa and maintained for 120 mins. They were resuscitated at the end of shock by reinfusing all of the shed blood. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal control, shock group, therapeutic group (shocked rats were treated with 50 mg/kg rhubarb at the end of shock) and rhubarb group (normal rats were treated with rhubarb). Laser Doppler was applied to estimate the gastrointestinal blood perfusion. Results: Clinical Study: The gastrointestinal pHi in septic patients was much lower than that in the control, whereas rhubarb could obviously elevate gastrointestinal pHi (P<0.001). In addition, rhubarb also had good effect on gastric hemorrhage caused by stress ulcer. Animal Study: Although the shocked rats were resuscitated completely, their gastrointestinal blood perfusion was much lower than that in the control. Rhubarb could significantly improve the blood perfusion in gastrointestinal mucosa and mesentery (P<0.01). Furthermore, rhubarb also increase the gastrointestinal perfusion in normal rats. Conclusion: Rhubarb could improve gastrointestinal blood perfusion in critical illness and shocked rats.

Background Sweep pattern visual evoked potential (SVEP) is an objective method of visual test.There is a clear correlation between SVEP acuity and subjective vision,but they are not identical.Recent studies showed that new regression method can improve the accuracy of SVEP acuity. Objective This trial was to investigate and compare the outcome between amplitude-spatial frequency (A-SP) regression method and amplitudelogVA (A-logVA) regression method in extrapolating the SVEP acuity.Methods SVEP was recorded in 113 eyes of 64 subjects using GT-2000 ( Guo Te,China) with the gratings of 10 different spatial frequency from 0.99 to 12.89 cpd as stimulus.The 1 13 eyes included cataract,glaucoma,corneal disease,optical neuropathy,retinal disease,ocular trauma,refractive error and normal eyes.The correlation were analyzed of SVEP acuity,decimal visual acuity and LogMAR visual acuity.The response were averaged and DFT on the monitor display.SVEP acuity was calculated by extrapolating 0 response amplitude.Results The correlation indices of decimal visual acuity curves obtained by the A-logVA function was 0.663,and that obtained by the A-SP function was 0.705.The positive correlation was seen between subjective decimal visual acuity and A-logVA decimal visual acuity (r =0.540,P＜ 0.01 ) and between subjective decimal acuity and decimal acuity calculated by the A-SP regression method (r=0.620,P＜0.01 ).SVEP decimal acuity calculated by the A-SP function regression method was significantly different from the that calculated by the A-logVA function regression method (Z =-8.688,P＜0.01 ).And the correlation indices of LogMAR visual acuity curves obtained by the A-logVA function was 0.733 and that obtained by the A-SP function was 0.715.The positive correlation was found between the subjective LogMAR acuity and that calculated by the A-SP regression method (r=0.700,P＜ 0.01 ) and between the subjective LogMAR acuity and LogMAR acuity calculated by the A-logVA regression method (r=0.710,P＜0.01 ).SVEP LogMAR acuity from A-SP function regression method was significantly different from the LogMAR acuity from A-logVA function regression method (Z=-8.748,P＜0.01 ).No significant differences of VA LogMAR were found in gender,eyes,type of disease and age(x2 =2.171,P=0.338;x2 =0.976,P=0.614;x2 =6.032,P=0.420;x2 =14.720,P=0.257 ).Conclusions SVEP can obtain the visual outcome in human.The amplitude-logVA function regression method is more accurate in extrapolating SVEP acuity.

There are few articles or reports collecting evidence about parenterally administered salvianolate from premarketing and postmarketing research or studies systematically. This article is an exact miniature of a systematical report about parenterally administered salvianolate. We analyzed information from four aspects, such as quality control reports, non-clinical premarketing safety experiments, postmarketing research (efficacy studies, hospital information system data and national spontaneous reporting system data) and literature analysis. All the four aspects build an evidence body for Kudiezi Solution in order to inform its safety use in clinical practice and further study.
Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

To understand the adverse drug reaction (ADR) induced by Mailuoning injection. 162 ADRs due to the drug were retrieved from national medical journals of 1988-2007 for statistics. It was shown that there was no relationship between ADR and dosage, but ADR appeared mostly in middle-aged and old groups, and more in male than in female. The occurrence of ADR was commonly within 30 min after injection. It involved injuries of various systems and organs. As for the 123 cases of allergy, 38 were anaphylactic shock (accounting for 23.46%), two people died. ADR characterized by immediate type on initial use and tachy type. It should be paid more attention to the Mailuoning injection for the immediate hypersensitivity reaction (such as anaphylactic shock).
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Time Factors

Objective To understand the status of resistance to multiple insecticides and the frequencies of kdr mutations in Culex pipiens pallens from north?central Anhui Province. Methods From July to September,2014,the C. pipiens pallens mosquito larvae were collected in Huaibei,Bengbu and Chuzhou cities of the north?central Anhui Province and reared to adults. The female adult mosquitoes at 3-5 days post emergence were tested for susceptibility to the four insecticides,namely 0.05%deltamethrin,5%malathion,0.1%bendiocarb and 4%DDT,by using the standard WHO resistance tube bioassay. The detec?tion of the point mutations of the kdr gene at codon 1014 was conducted by PCR and DNA sequencing in the deltamethrin?resis?tant and?susceptible mosquitoes. Results High levels of resistance to all the four insecticides were found in all the three tested populations,although mosquito mortality varied among populations and test insecticides. Among the test insecticides,DDT showed lowest mortality with no significant difference(F=1.027,P>0.05)in all test populations,whereas significantly differ?ent mortalities were observed among populations for the remained three insecticides tested(deltamethrin,malathion,and ben?diocarb)(F = 23.823,33.955,128.841;all P < 0.01). Two types of non?synonymous kdr mutation at codon position 1014 (L1014F and L1014S)were observed. A positive correlation between L1014F mutation frequencies and deltamethrin resistance levels were detected in the three mosquito populations(r2=0.718,P<0.01). Conclusions The observed high levels of resis?tance to multiple?insecticides coupled with the occurrence of medium to high kdr frequencies in populations of C. pipiens pallens could profoundly affect the mosquito vector control programme in China. The local health departments need to strengthen vector dynamic monitoring and implement rational resistance management strategies.

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of the over-articular external fixator combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of Pilon fractures caused by high energy.

METHODSFrom September 2003 to April 2011, 36 patients with Pilon fractures caused by high energy were treated with the over-articular external fixator combined with limited internal fixator. There were 25 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 16 to 72 years old,with an average of 38 years old. The diagnoses of all patients were determined by conventional X-ray examination or three-dimensional spiral CT examination. The AOFAS scoring criteria was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The patients with comminuted fractures were treated with screw or Kirschner wire fixation without uncovering periost so as to enhance stability between fracture end and bone blocks,followed by the fixation with over-articular external fixators.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 4 to 27 months, with an average of 13 months. Thirty-two patients got wound healing at the first stage. And the bone union duration ranged from 2 to 6 months, with a mean of 3 months. According to the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot subjective scoring standard, 13 patients got an excellent result, 20 good and 3 fair, with an score of 88.2 +/- 3.6. Twelve patients had infections at pinhole, 5 patients had pinhole pain. One patient had the fixator broken induced by over loading, who was cured after treatment. There were no complications such as nerve or vascular injuries, or osteomyelitis.

CONCLUSIONThe over-articular external fixation combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of Pilon fractures caused by high energy is an ideal method, which has such advantages as reliable fixation, simple operation, coincidence with principles of biomechanical fixation, and benefit for fracture healing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Ankle Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the waveform of the first-order kernel and second-order kernel of muhifocal electroretinogram stimulated with light emitting diode(LED).Design Prospective,noncomparative,interventional case series.Participant 18 subjects(18 eyes)who had been accepted the mfERG test.Method The patients were devided into two groups,they accepted the muhifocal elec- troretinogram(mfERG)stimulated with cathode ray tube(CRT)and LED using the Roland RETI Scan3.15 system.The first-order kernel or the second-order kernel was analyzed.The stimulation time of LED were changed from 1.7ms to 16.7ms.Five different stimulation time of LED in this study were 1/10(1.7ms),3/10(5ms),5/10(8.3ms),7/10(ll.7ms)and 10/10(16.7ms).Main Outcome Measure The summed responses were observed.The waveform,amplitude and implicit times of mfERG summed response were analyzed.Result The waveforms of the first-order kernel stimulated by LED were similar to those of CRT.In the second-order kernels of mfERG,the wave- forms were obviously different from those stimulated by LED and CRT.The P1 wave stimulated by CRT was sharp,but the P1 wave of LED was broad.The N2 wave of LED was deeper.The amplitude of N1 wave and P1 wave were increased,and their implicit times pro- longed with the stimulation times prolonging.Conclusion In the first-order kernel of mfERG,the waveform of the summed response stimulated by LED was similar to that of LED.In the second-order kernel of mfERG,the waveform stimulated by LED was more com- plicated,may be there were more inner retina information.(Ophthalmol CHN,2006,15:351-355)

Objective To explore the changing regularity of nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) in recurrent febrile seizures (FS), and the influence of NOS/NO on brain damage induced by recurrent FS.Methods FS rats were induced in a bath of warm water.The ex-periments were divided into 2 groups. The contents of nNOS cDNA in the first group was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and the contents of nNOS protein was measured by Western blot.The mtensity , latency, duration and rectal temperature of the seizure in rats in the second group were recorded. Morphologic changes of hippocampal neurons were observed with HE stain.Results Alter recur-rent FS, the expression of nNOS mRNA in hippocampus was significantly inereased compared with those in control group and hyper-thermia group, associated with an increase of nNOS protein.With the increase of seizure number,thert were changes of seizure latency and gradually prolonged trend of the seizure duration. By using the inhibitor of NOS, the seizure latency was gradually prolonged and the prolonged trend of the seizure duration was significantly decreased than that in FS group.There was no significantly difference of seizure intensity and rectal temperature between 2 groups.After recurrent FS, histological changes of hippocampal neurons could be seen under light microscope.The inhibitor alleviated nearonal injury.Conclusions Recurrent FS can induce nNOS gent expression.The NOS/NO system may be involved in the development of brain damage induced recurrent FS.