Objective To explore the effect of improved new mask in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation sputum suction.Methods Among the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type Ⅱ respiratory failure,78 patients were selected and divided randomly into observation group (n =38 ) and control group (n =40).Both groups implemented the noninvasive ventilation and symptomatic treatment.The endotracheal suction tube was left in patients for 96 hours,the end of which passes the junction part of the mask and the face.For the control group,the process of ventilation was interrupted for sputum suction,while for the observation group; the process of ventilation kept on without interruption due to the side hole on the mask for suction.In the interval of sputum suction,the same airway humidification fluid was injected into the suction tube regularly for both groups.Results When the observation group and the control group had accepted the noninvasive ventilation simultaneously for 24 hours,the oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure difference was not statistically significant(t =0.84,1.07;P ＞ 0.05).While for 48 hours,the oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure difference was statistically significant [ (61.53 ±9.94) mm Hg versus (56.57 ± 11.19) mm Hg,t =2.07,P ＜ 0.05 ; (64.02 ± 10.37 ) mm Hg versus ( 69.55 ± 12.73 ) mm Hg,t =2.10,P ＜ 0.05 ].and for 96 hours,the oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure difference was also statistically significant [ (69.35 ±9.37) mm Hg versus (60.57 ± 10.64) mm Hg,t =3.87,P ＜ 0.01 ; ( 55.82 ± 10.58 ) mm Hg versus ( 61.55 ±11.73 ) mm Hg,t =3.03,P ＜ 0.01 ].The difference of the time it took for the patients to got conscious in both groups was statistically significant[ (21.21 ±7.24) h versus (25.35 ±9.28) h,t =2.17,P ＜0.05].The difference of the number of cases with the application of invasive ventilation in the end of two groups was statistically significant (x2 =4.78,P ＜ 0.05 ).The difference of the total time with the application of positive ventilation of two groups was statistically.significant [ ( 152.23 ± 25.91 ) h versus ( 169.57 ± 33.49 ) h,t =2.54,P ＜ 0.05 ].Conclusions The mask with a side hole for sputum suction and endotracheal suction tubes can be applied to the patients of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with the Ⅱ respiratory failure.Without the interruption of the noninvasive ventilation,sputum suction has significant reduction in complications,and the patients can have a shorter recovery time,better treatment effect,and smaller rate of invasive ventilation.

AIMTo discover new drugs which may be applied to diseases of the immune system, hemogenesis system diseases and tumors, several high-throughput drug screening cell models based on JAK-STAT signal pathway have been established.

METHODSFour repeats of STAT DNA binding conserved sequences were synthesized, subcloned into pGL-Luc reporter vector and stably transfected into cell lines in vitro. Cell clones with high copy numbers of STAT binding sites and reporter genes were chosen as high-throughput drug screening cell models. The cell models were tested with known anti-allergic drugs and anti-tumor drugs by determining luciferase activity. The reaction was performed in 96 well micro-plates with a final volume of 50 microL.

RESULTSThe cell models by performing rapid fluorescence assay were shown to be highly sensitive and stable after testing with cytokine and drugs. The modification of the expression plasmid simplified this method and made it more practical. It also provided good linear correlation, wide range of assay, highly sensitive and good reproducibility.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be performed by high-throughput drug screening for effective extraction of Chinese traditional herbs.

Anti-Allergic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Jurkat Cells ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Luciferases ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVEThe goals of this work was to analyse the cost of Shenqi Fuzheng injection-an extraction of a Chinese traditional herbs on reducing adverse effects in lung cancer patients during chemotherapy.

METHODSIn a randomized cross-over trial, each patient completed two identical cisplatin-based chemotherapy cycles, one with Shenqi Fuzheng injection, another without Shenqi Fuzheng injection. Adverse effects and change scores of quality of life (QOL) during chemotherapy were compared in tow cycles. The direct cost dealing with adverse effect and cost-effectiveness analysis were taken.

RESULTSOne hundred and thirty were enrolled with 123 of whom were evaluable. The patient characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. The chemotherapy cycles with Shenqi Fuzheng injection spent 220.5 more Chinese yuan, but the adverse effect of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and vomiting were slight different and the change of score of several QOL domains showed significant better as compared to those in another cycle.

CONCLUSIONShenqi Fuzheng injection could reduce the severity of toxicity related to chemotherapy and improve the QOL of patients and had some benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness.

Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Cross-Over Studies ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

Background Keratoconus is a bilateral,noninflammatory,gradually progressive corneal disorder characterized by progressive thinning and steepening of the central cornea.It is significant to investigate keratoconusrelated pathogenic gene for elaborating the pathogenesis and establishing early diagnosis standard and taking clinical measurement.Objective The aim of the study was to explore the relationship of visual system homeobox gene (VSX1) polymorphism and the risk of sporadic keratoconus.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Commission of First Hospital of Xi' an.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to enrollment.A case-controlled study was conducted.One hundred and one Han nationality patients with sporadic keratoconus were included in this study.These keratoconus patients were clinically diagnosed by slit lamp examination and corneal tomography.Single nucleolide polymorphism (SNP) of VSX1 gene was assayed and classified using the MassARRAY SNP technique.Demography and relevant risk factors were collected from each subject by questionnaire.Eighty healthy volunteers served as controls.Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the difference in the distribution of allele frequency and genotype frequency and to analyze the association with keratoconus risks.Results SNP of two genes was found in the Chinese Han population (rs743018 (c.843+140 C＞T) and rs6138482(R217H C＞T)).There were no significant differences in the genotype frequency and allele frequency of the SNP of two genes in the keratoconus group in comparison with the normal control group (P＞0.05).After adjustment by age and sex,SNP of two genes was not significantly associated with the risk of keratoconus (regression model:rs743018 (C＞T) adjusted:P=0.35,OR=0.72,95％ CI:0.37-1.43 ;rs6138482 (C＞T) adjusted:P =0.48,OR=0.76,95％ CI:0.35-1.64).Conclusions Gene polymorphisms of rs743018(c.843+140 C＞T) and rs6138482(R217H C＞T) in the Chinese Han population is not associated with the risk of keratoconus.Due to the racial difference in genotype and allele frequency,the role of the VSX1 gene in the pathogenesis of keratoconus still remains controversial,and further study needs to be developed.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clini-cal isolates in Fuzhou First People′s Hospital during 2014.Methods The identification and antimicrobial susceptibilities of these isolates both employed the ATB reader semi automatic equipment by colorimetric method.The interpretation of results refer to the CLSI 2013.All data were analyzed by WHONET 5.5 software.Results A total of 885 non-duplicate clinical isolates were collected during 2014.Including gram-negative bacterias ( 529, 59.8%), gram -positive bacterias ( 263, 29.7%) and fungus ( 93 , 10.5%).The prevalence of ESBLs was 36.3%in Escherichia coli and and 19.3%in Klebsiella spp.( Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca ) . The drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria to meropenem and imipenem were less than 10%.Drug resistance rate of imipenem was 17% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates,The resistance rates to all the drug tested were greater than 50%in Acinetobacter baumannii strains except for polymyxin E ( less than 10%) .The detection rate of multi -drug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii was 75.9%.The prevalence of MRSA and MRCNS was 63%and 71.4% in respectively each strain, no vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found, 1 identified Enterococcus faecium was resistant to vancomycin.Conclusion The majority of clinical isolates in our hospital were gram-negative bacilli, bacterial resistance remains a clinical important problem in, particularly of the detection rate of MRSA was higher than that of other regions in China, which should be concerned high attention.

BACKGROUNDRecently congenital infection with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) has been demonstrated in pigs, rabbits, mice and dogs. We explored the rabbit as an animal model for the congenital infection of schistosomiasis japonica and assessed the effect of a congenital S. japonicum infection on the resistance of rabbit kittens to a postnatal challenge infection.

METHODSSixteen pregnant New Zealand white rabbits were infected with a single dose of S. japonicum cercariae. The exposed animals were divided into three groups according to the gestation age at the time of infection. Diagnosis of prenatally acquired S. japonicum infection in the rabbit kittens was primarily based on serological tests in combination with parasitological and histopathological findings. Congenitally infected kittens were challenged percutaneously with 100 S. japonicum cercariae to assess the effect of a congenital S. japonicum infection on kitten resistance to a postnatal challenge infection.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence of congenital infection in offspring of infected mothers was 20% (12/60). The congenital infection rate in group L (late gestation) was much higher than in group E (early gestation) and group M (mid-gestation) (P <0.05). After a postnatal challenge infection, prenatally infected kittens had a 54.66% worm reduction rate, 41.45% egg reduction rate, and 51.76% granuloma size reduction rate compared to naïve kittens.

CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates the possibility of congenital infection of S. japonicum in rabbits and the resistance of congenitally infected kittens to a postnatal challenge infection. These results have important implications not only for epidemiological investigations, but also in designing government control programs for schistosomiasis.

Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth ; blood ; Female ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; congenital ; immunology ; parasitology

BACKGROUNDThe vaccination of mice with DNA encoding single candidate antigens has failed to induce significant protection against Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) challenge infections. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using a multivalent DNA vaccine which co-expressed S. japonicum integral membrane protein Sj23 and murine cytokine IL-12 to induce protective immune responses.

METHODSThe plasmid pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23, a eukaryotic expression vector expressing Sj23 and murine IL-12 simultaneously, was constructed, identified, and tested for expression in vitro. Its ability to protect against S. japonicum challenge infections was analyzed according to worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate after vaccination of BALB/c mice. The serum levels of specific IgG antibody were determined by enzyme-linked-immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Using cultured spleen cells, IFN-gamma and IL-4 post-stimulation were quantified by ELISA. The phenotypes of splenocyte populations were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe plasmid DNA pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 was proven to express well in vitro by transient transfection of HEK-293 cells. Immunization resulted in a worm reduction rate of 45.53% and egg reduction rate of 58.35%. ELISA and Western blot analysis indicated that immunized mice generated specific IgG against Sj23. Spleen cells showed significant increases in IFN-gamma but decreases in IL-4. No significant differences in CD4+ and CD8+ subgroup ratios were observed after the challenges.

CONCLUSIONSThe multivalent DNA vaccine pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 is sufficient to elicit moderate but highly significant levels of protective immunity against challenge infections. Cytokine IL-12, as a gene adjuvant, was able to enhance the Th1 responses and, hence, the protective immunity.

Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth ; blood ; Antigens, Helminth ; genetics ; immunology ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; Helminth Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-12 ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Schistosoma japonicum ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo determine the contamination condition of Salmonella in broiler breeding and slaughter processing in China and to investigate the distribution of antimicrobial resistance profiles.

METHODSFive large-scale broiler holdings and fourteen slaughterhouses were chosen to detect Salmonella in Henan, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Shandong provinces in 2010. A total of 835 anal swabs and 744 chicken carcasses were sampled to compare the difference of Salmonella contamination rate.Salmonella isolates were identified by serotyping according to Kauffmann-White scheme.The antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella isolates were determined by broth microdilution method and sixteen antimicrobial agents were chosen and examined.

RESULTSIn total, Salmonella isolates were recovered in 56 (6.7%) specimens among 835 collected anal swabs and 122 (16.4%) specimens among 744 broiler carcasses. Positive rate of Salmonella in broiler carcasses was higher than anal swabs (χ(2) = 36.94, P < 0.05). The dominant Salmonella serovars isolated from broiler anal swabs were S.enterica serovar Indiana and S.enterica serovar Enteritidis, accounting for 58.9% (33/56) and 32.1% (18/56) respectively. The prevalent serovars in broiler carcasses were also the two serovars and occupied 29.8% (37/124), 32.2% (40/124) respectively. Nearly 95.0% (171/180) Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, 78.3% (141/180) Salmonella strains were multi-drug resistant isolates and 20 (11.1%) Salmonella isolates were resistant to 14 antimicrobials.

CONCLUSIONOur findings indicated that Salmonella contamination was common and serious in commercial broiler production and processing course in China. Salmonella contamination rate in broiler slaughter processing performance was higher than broiler flocks. Additionally, antibiotic resistance of Salmonella was in serious situation.

Animals ; Chickens ; microbiology ; China ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Food Contamination ; Meat-Packing Industry ; Salmonella ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Serotyping

Objective To assess the prevalence rates of intra-and extraeranial large-artery stenosis in the rural community population and its related risk to the development of stroke.Methods The study subjects included 1337 residents in the rural community of Beijing.Transcranial Doppler Was carried our to examine the relation between intra-and extracranial large-artery stenosis and subsequent cerebrovascular events, with a meall follow-up period of 16.7 months.Results The incidence densities of cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage in persons without cerebral large-artery stenosis were 410.6 and 351.9/100-thousand person-years,respectively.In the group wlth large-artery stenosis,the incidence density of cerebral infarction was 3303.7/100-thousand person-years.Data from The Fisher's Exact test showed a significant difference in the two groups (P=0.004).Cerebral large-artery stenosis(OR=6.593,95%CI:1.712-25.390)and smoking (OR=8.437,95% CI:2.327-30.598)appeared to be independent risk factors to cerebral infarction.Conclusion Cerebral large-artery stenosis and smoking were independent risk factors to cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate existence and homology of 16 S rRNA methylase genes in carbapenem -resistant Klebsiella-pneumoniae ( CRKP ) clinical isolates.Methods Twenty -nine CRKPs were col-lected from four hospitals in Nanchang.PCR amplifications of drug resist-ant genes were performed.The horizontal transmission of the resistance plasmids was evaluated by conjugation and homology of the isolates was analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE).Results Resistant rates of twenty -nine clinical isolates to amikacin and gentamicin were 37.9%( 11/29 ) and 69.0%( 20/29 ) , respectively.The amikacin re-sistanted isolates were simultaneously resistant to gentamicin.The exist-ence of 16 S rRNA methylase positive genes were detected in 10 isolates , including 9 strains carrying armA genes,1 strain carrying rmtB gene.All the 10 strains with 16 S rRNA methylase positive genes harbored β-lac-tamase genes and 7 strains also harbored carbapenemase genes , with blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1 being the main genotypes.Ten experimental strains were successfully typed by PFGE and classified into 9 different genotypes and resistance plasmids were successfully transferred into the recipient E.coli J53 through conjugation experiments of 3 armA -positive isolates. Conclusion The 16S rRNA methylase gene is highly relevant to carbapenem -resistant klebsiella -pneumoniae in terms of resistance to aminoglycosides , and armA is the main genotype.Plasmids carried 16 S rRNA methylase gene can be horizontally disseminated.