PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on the survival, nitric oxide (NO) production, and migration of cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS: After exposure to TA, indomethacin, and dexamethasone for 2 days, the survival and nitrite production of the primarily cultured human TM cells were assessed with MTT and Griess assays respectively. The effect of co-exposure to the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, was also assessed. A migration assay was done to evaluate the effect of TA on the activity of TM cells. RESULTS: Cellular survival increased after exposure to TA at low concentration but decreased at high concentration. TA decreased the production of NO significantly (p<0.05). Exposure to indomethacin and dexamethasone revealed similar results. TA reversibly inhibited the migration of TM cells. CONCLUSIONS: TA decreases the production of NO and inhibits the migration of TM cells. TA at high concentration decreases cellular survival accompanied with decreased NO production. These effects of TA on TM cells may result in the elevation of intraocular pressure.
Dexamethasone ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; Intraocular Pressure ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitroprusside ; Tissue Donors ; Trabecular Meshwork* ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone*

Lateral osteotomy has been chosen as a part of rhinoplasty for modification of the nasal bony vault, alteration of the base width of the lateral walls, establishment of a new profile line of the nasal dorsum and lateral profile line, and closure of the open roof. Various methods of lateral osteotomy may be employed, however Orientals have characteristically broad and flat noses Compared to caucasians and for an esthetically satisfactory result, it is important to correct both in rhinoplasty. In this study, the authors performed their devised method of lateral osteotomy in 12 patients for the correction of broad, flat nasal dorsum and deviated noses. The operations could be broadly categorized into two groups: 1) short lateral osteotomy in which the lateral osteotomy line was incomplete and short, extending to the infraorbital rim; and 2) green-stick transverse osteotomy which was induced by in-siturotation fracture by osteotomy and, if considered necessary, augmentation rhinoplasty and nasal tip plasty were also performed simultaneously. Our nasal osteotomy has limited mobilization, where as the previous method has total mobilization, and it has the advantages of repositioning the broad and deviated nose in a preferable direction and shape, as well as the capability of narrowing the preferable area selectively. Especially if there is a necessity to correct both broad and flat noses such as in Orientals, our osteotomy methods have a synergistic effect in esthetic outcome when performed with augmentation rhinoplasty with a silastic implant. There were no complications such as relapse or air-way obstruction during the 4.5-month follow-up period. However, a long-term follow-up period is needed to evaluate the complications considering the physiologic aspect of the nose.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nose ; Osteotomy* ; Recurrence ; Rhinoplasty*

Mandibular angle fracture causes facial aesthetic problem and functional derangement of mastication. For the open reduction of the mandibular angle fracture, various methods have been developed according to the approaching route, fixation material, fixation position and the fixation number. There remains controversis in managing the mandibular angle fracture. We treated the mandibular angle fracture using non-compressive miniplate along the Champy's ideal osteosynthesis line. For accurate reduction of mandibular angle fracture and maintain centric relation, one or two K-wires were inserted to the inferior border of both fracture segments and both fracture segments and both segments were approximated by manual force or rubber bandage. Maintaining the anatomical reduction of fracture site, fixation was done on vestibular flat area aling the medial side of extermal oblique ridge defined as Champy's osteosynthesis line with one malleable non-compression 4-hole miniplate and screws. After the fixation of plate, K-wires and rubber bandaging for intermaxillary fixation were removed. With maintaining the arch bar, exercise and soft diet were encouraged at the first postoperative day. Through the above procedure, we have experienced satisfactory osteosynthesis and good occlusion. This method has the advantages like that easy and minimal dissection, no external visible scar, no nerve damage and providing simple and ideal osteosynthesis. We present cases of mandibular angle fractures with the review of the literature.
Bandages ; Centric Relation ; Cicatrix ; Diet ; Mastication ; Rubber

No abstract available.
Stem Cells

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Osteosarcomas are highly malignant bone tumors which commonly affect metaphyseal portions of long bones and those of the skull are distinctly rare as primary neoplasm. We report a case of recurrent osteosarcoma originated from the skull base which destructed sphenoid bone in two months. The CT and MR images of 28 years old man with headache, dizziness, and loss of touch sense in right buccal area showed 3-cm sized homogenously well-enhancing mass with internal small cystic portions. Craniotomy and mass excision was done and chemotherapy was combined for 1 month. After about 2 month, follow up MR images showed larger recurrent mass in original site and confirmed as the same osteosarcoma after 2nd operation.
Adult ; Craniotomy ; Dizziness ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma* ; Skull Base* ; Skull* ; Sphenoid Bone

Osteosarcomas are highly malignant bone tumors which commonly affect metaphyseal portions of long bones and those of the skull are distinctly rare as primary neoplasm. We report a case of recurrent osteosarcoma originated from the skull base which destructed sphenoid bone in two months. The CT and MR images of 28 years old man with headache, dizziness, and loss of touch sense in right buccal area showed 3-cm sized homogenously well-enhancing mass with internal small cystic portions. Craniotomy and mass excision was done and chemotherapy was combined for 1 month. After about 2 month, follow up MR images showed larger recurrent mass in original site and confirmed as the same osteosarcoma after 2nd operation.
Adult ; Craniotomy ; Dizziness ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma* ; Skull Base* ; Skull* ; Sphenoid Bone

Background: As the population of patients with end-stage renal disease has grown older, the proportion of patients with poorly preserved vasculature has concomitantly increased. Thus, arteriovenous grafts (AVG) have been used more frequently to access blood vessels for hemodialysis. Despite this increasing demand, studies of AVG are limited. In this study, we examined the surgical outcomes of upper-limb AVG creation. Methods: Among the arteriovenous fistula formation procedures performed between January 2014 and March 2019 at Dankook University Hospital, 42 cases involved AVG creation. We compared patients in whom the axillary vein was used (group A; brachioaxillary AVG [B-Ax AVG]; n=20) with those in whom upper limb veins were used (group B; brachiobasilic AVG or brachioantecubital AVG; n=22). Results: The 1-year primary patency rate was higher in group A than in group B (57.9% vs. 41.7%; p=0.262). The incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion AVG using the axillary vein showed no major differences in safety or functionality compared to AVG using other veins. Therefore, accounting for age, underlying disease, and expected patient lifespan, B-Ax AVG can be considered an acceptable surgical method.

PURPOSE: The number of the repatriated Korean students who had overseas study at early ages is increasing. They received foreign education, they can speak international languages, but they have many difficulties in articulation and intonation of the Korean language. This study aims to measure closure and aspiration duration, length of consonants, length of subsequent vowels, and ratio of consonants against subsequent vowels in vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) syllables. METHODS: This study compares the acoustic and phonetic characteristics of repatriated and native students, the ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives, the closure and aspiration duration, and the ratio of the aspiration duration against the closure duration. RESULTS: The ratio of articulation error of Korean plosives between repatriated and native students is 19% and 2%, respectively. The closure duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. The aspiration duration was significantly longer in repatriated students than in native students. No difference was found in the ratio of aspiration duration against closure duration between the native and repatriated students. CONCLUSION: This study can be a good reference for estimating the phonetic difficulties of Korean elementary students who had overseas study at early ages.
Acoustics ; Humans