Objective To discuss the imaging diagnostic features of adrenal injury. Methods The imaging features of the 29 patients of adrenal bruise and hernatoma (20 male and 9 females, average age 37) were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical appearances were all flank and hack pain, local sensitive to percus-sion and associated injury appearance. Among the 29 cases, 25 cases(86%) had adrenal injuries on right side, 2 cases(7%) on left side, and 2 cases(7%) on both sides, and no apparent abnormality was found in the relevant endocrine examination after injury. CT (n=29), MRI (n=5) and ultrasonography (n=6) were checked. CT follow-up were taken in 23 eases. MRI (n=1) and ultrasonography (n=l) were followed as well. Results The first-time exam coincidences of CT, MRI and sonography were 28/29 (97%), 5/5 (100%) and 3/6 (50%) respectively. One case of simple right-side adrenal hematoma 3 weeks after injury wasn't clearly diagnosed by CT, which was later diagnosed by MRI. The CT features of adrenal bruise were local or diffuse intumescence and focus high-density hemorrhage shadow. The CT appearances of acute stage adrenal hematoma were round-like high-density shadow without enhancement and the diameters were 1-3 cm. MRI appearances of 5 cases of subacute and chronic phase hematoma were typical high signal of T1WI, T2WI and DWI and toroid low signal around T2WI. Hematorna was not be enhanced when CT or MRI en-hancement scanning, and formed characteristic "nut-like" image feature with toroid high-density or high sig-nal enhanced shadow forming around. Uhrasonography appearances of 3 cases of hematoma were abnormal shadow of the adrenal gland. Conclusions CT is the prior imaging method for adrenal bruise and hemato-ma. MRI has the characteristic appearance for the few cases which are difficult to be identified by CT and ul-trasonography. Characteristic "nut-like" image feature is helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Adult ; Colonic Neoplasms ; genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; genetics

Objective To assess whether asymmetric spin echo version of echo planar imaging (ASE EPI) sequence can reflect cerebral oxygen metabolism by means of the changes in oxygen extraction fraction values before and after surgical operations in the canine model of ischimia. Methods A total of 12 healthy crossbreed dogs were enrolled in this study. All canines underwent cerebral MR imaging including coronal T2WI, DWI, MRA, ASE EPI and 3D PCASL. The bilateral carotid arteries (CA) were separated by surgical operations. The bilateral CA were ligated in 6 dogs, and the other 6 dogs had embolization in ligated bilateral CA. The cerebral MR imaging with the above protocol was repeated at 1 hour after surgical operation for each dog. All dogs were executed when they finished the MR examinations. Then the whole brains of the dogs were taken out for cutting coronal sections and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The ASE EPI data were processed by the Functool software in the workstation to generate OEF maps. For measuring the OEF values before and 1 hour after surgical operations, one and the same region of interest (ROI) was respectively placed in the left and right hemispheres on the OEF maps for each dog. 3D PCASL data were processed by the Functool software in the workstation to yield CBF maps. The method for measuring the CBF values before and 1 hour after surgical operations on CBF maps was same as that for measuring on OEF maps. The changes of measurements before and after surgical operations were compared between the dogs with ligated bilateral CA and the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA by using an independent samples t test. The measurements before and after surgical operations were respectively compared in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA and the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA by using a paired t-test. The cutting slices with TTC staining were analysed for determining ischimia. Results The CBF values of the dogs with ligated bilateral CA were (59.81±23.59) and (38.56± 12.98) ml/(min · 100 g) before and after surgical operations, respectively. The CBF values of the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA were (58.94±18.35) and (28.01±11.41) ml/(min·100 g) before and after surgical operations, respectively. The CBF values were significantly lower before surgical operations than after surgical operations in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA and the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA, respectively (t=8.92 and 13.42, respectively; P=0.00, respectively). The CBF values were decreased more significantly in the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA than in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA (t=2.92, P=0.00). The OEF values of the dogs with ligated bilateral CA were 0.29±0.02 and 0.32 ± 0.06 before and after surgical operations, respectively. The OEF values of the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA were 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.35 ± 0.06 before and after surgical operations, respectively. The OEF values were significantly higher before surgical operations than after surgical operations in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA and the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA, respectively (t=-7.21 and-4.43, respectively;P=0.00, respectively). The OEF values were increased more significantly in the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA than in the dogs with ligated bilateral CA (t=2.18, P=0.03). The pathological results showed that the dogs with embolization in ligated bilateral CA had swollen cortex with focal infarction which was matched with the hyperintensity areas on the OEF and DWI images. However, the dogs with ligated bilateral CA only had swollen cortex whereas didn't have focal infarction. Conclusions ASE EPI sequence can reliably reflect cerebral oxygen metabolism in ischemia. This sequence has an important role for assessing hemodynamic state in patients with cerebral vascular diseases.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Female ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of red peony root (RPR) on serum proteome in rat suffering from noxious heat with blood stasis Syndrome (NH-BS).

METHODSThe differences of serum proteome among rats in four groups, treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), RPR, LPS + RPR and saline respectively, were analyzed by bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) assay. LPS was administered by intravenous injection and RPR by oral intake.

RESULTS(1) Serum of rats with LPS induced NH-BS showed significant changes in volume of serum protein (xPr) in 13 points on 2DE collagen, the volume of xPr 16 and 19 were significantly lower, volume of xPr 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 23 were significantly higher respectively, as compared with those in the normal control group. (2) After being treated with RPR, the increased volume of xPr 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9 significantly decreased, and the decreased xPr 16 significantly increased, with xPr 2, 3 restored to normal level but the xPr16 still lower and xPr 1, 4, 9 higher than those in the normal group. RPR showed interaction with LPS on xPr 1, 3, 9, and 16. (3) For xPr 19, the interaction of RPR with LPS might be synergistic. (4) In the group treated with RPR, volumes of xPr 13 and 14 were significantly higher and those of 15, 17 were significantly lower than those in the normal group respectively, but the similar changes didn't found in the LPS group.

CONCLUSIONThe molecular basis of therapeutic effect of RPR on NH-BS might be through the regulation of xPr 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 and 16.

Animals ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endotoxemia ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Paeonia ; Phytotherapy ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate the changes of nerve conduction velocity in degenerative rabbit sciatic nerve authograft induced by 60Co irradiation after orthotopic replantation. Methods A 30-mm-long segment was severed from normal adult rabbit sciatic nerve and exposed to 60Co irradiation at the dose of 350 Cry to induce neural degeneration. The nerve segment was then replanted orthotopicaily, and the nerve conduction velocity was determined using electrophysiological test at 4, 6 and 8 months after the replantation. Results At 6, 8 months after the replantation, the nerve conduction velocity in the degenerative nerve autograft showed no significant difference from that in normal sciatic nerve (P>0.05). But at 4 months after the replantation, the nerve conduction velocity in the autograft was significantly lower than the normal velocity (P<0.05). Conclusion The nerve conduction velocity can be obtained by replantation of a long (3 mm) degenerative nerve segment due to 60Co irradiation.

OBJECTIVETo observe anti-HEV IgG response to vaccination of recombinant antigen fragments and evaluate its protection from Hepatitis E Virus infection in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

METHODSTwelve monkeys were divided into three groups and immunized respectively with three different recombinant antigens: namely Ag1 (carboxyl terminal 431 amino acids of ORF2), Ag2 (128aa fragment at the carboxyl terminal of ORF2), and Ag3 (full length ORF3 ligated with two ORF2 fragments encoded by 6743-7126nt and 6287-6404nt). The monkeys were challenged intravenously with fecal suspension from experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, and the other three monkeys served as the placebo group for challenge with HEV. The dynamic changes of the levels of ALT and anti-HEV IgG were examined. Pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by light microscope. Excretion of virus was detected by RT-nPCR.

RESULTSHepatic histopathology of two monkeys in the placebo group was consistent with acute viral hepatitis, and ALT was elevated 3-4 weeks after inoculated with virus, up to 10-20 times higher than normal level. The liver tissue of monkeys immunized with antigen kept normal, ALT in several monkeys elevated mildly, and anti-HEV IgG conversation occurred at 1-2 weeks after vaccination, with the titer reaching 1:12,800. The virus RNA could be detected by RT-nPCR from days 7 to 50 in monkeys of control group, and from days 7 to 21 in vaccinated monkeys after challenged with virus.

CONCLUSIONSThe recombinant antigens could induce the production of anti-HEV IgG, which protected rhesus monkeys from acute Hepatitis symptoms related to HEV infection.

Animals ; Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; Hepatitis E ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis E virus ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology ; Vaccination ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism by which HBV X gene(HBx) inhibits apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line HepG2 in terms of miRNA.

METHODSThree cell lines were prepared: HepG2 cells stably transfected with HBx (HepG2/HBx), HepG2 cells stably transfected with pcDNA3.1 (HepG2/pcDNA3.1) and HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry was adopted to measure the apoptosis of these three cells and Taqman fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to examine miR-192 expression. After HepG2 cells was transfected with miR-192, the apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and the expressions of p53 and PUMA at mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by SYBR Green quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with HepG2/pcDNA3.1 cells (11.46% ± 0.69%) and HepG2 cells (12.5% ± 0.66%), the apoptosis rate of HepG2/HBx cells (2.37% ± 0.35%) was significantly reduced (F = 171.722, P < 0.01). The level of miR-192 was 49.1% ± 5.9% in HepG2 cells, which was dramatically down-regulated (F = 14.319, P = 0.019) as compared to the other two groups (HepG2/pcDNA3.1: 98.0% ± 8.9%; HepG2: 100%). Compared with HepG2 cells transfected with miR-NC (10.74% ± 1.15%), transfection of miR-192 into HepG2 cells led to increased apoptosis (15.74% ± 1.17%) (F = 18.415, P = 0.013) and higher p53 and PUMA expressions at mRNA (p53: 1.68 ± 0.12 vs 0.90 ± 0.09, F = 43.115, P = 0.003, PUMA: 1.66 ± 0.10 vs 0.98 ± 0.06, F = 22.541, P = 0.009) and protein (p53: 3.07 vs 1, PUMA: 2.13 vs 1) levels.

CONCLUSIONHBx could inhibit apoptosis of HepG2 cells through down-regulation of miR-192 which induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a huge obstacle in therapy of brain diseases, for it hinders the delivery of water-soluble molecules and those with molecular weight above 500 from the circulation system to the brain. Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80, T-80)-coated polylactid acid(PLA) nanoparticles represent a tool to transport such drugs across the BBB. Transcytosis is put forward as one mechanism of drug-loaded nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However little is known about it. Electron microscopy is an important method in the investigation on nanoparticles injected into the experimental mice. In this study it was found by fluorescence microscope that fluorescence existed along the capillary dissepiment. Some nanoparticles distributed in the brain capillary endothelial cells and brain tissue outside the microvaculum, which was observed by transmission electron microscopy. These particles were proved to be the Copper chlorophyll loaded nanoparticles which containing Cu detected by AEM. The in vivo experiments demonstrated directly that the PLA nanoparticles can pass the BBB indeed and transcytosis by microvascular endothelial cells may be the mechanism. The results provided an efficient way of drug-delivery targeting the brain. Copper chlorophyll could be used as a new symbol of nanoparticles in in vivo experiment.
Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Chlorophyllides ; Lactic Acid ; pharmacokinetics ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nanoparticles ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; pharmacokinetics ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission

OBJECTIVETo study the mutation patterns of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 18, 19 and 21 in Chinese non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC).

METHODSSomatic mutation in samples of 32 cases without Iressa-treatment were compared with that in 10 volunteers blood control. The mutations were identified for the forward and reverse sequence chains for the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR gene, followed by DNA template abstraction and Touchdown PCR.

RESULTSNine types of mutation were found in sequences of 7 cases among the 32 non-small cell lung carcinoma tissues, namely, five reported mutation within exon 19, and two new heterozygous mutations, L833V and H835L within exon 21, and two intron polymorphism. These results showed a mutation rate of 9/32 (28.1%) in Chinese with NSCLC, and of 31.6% in lung adenocarcinomas.

CONCLUSIONEGFR mutation rate in Chinese with NSCLC is consistent with those of Asian women reported in the literature but new mutation points in Chinese were presented as L833V and H835L. The mutation rate is in concordance with release rate of NSCLC obtained by Gefitinib treatment in Chinese.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; ethnology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics