No abstract available.
Infectious bursal disease virus*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Uterus*

BACKGROUND: Surgical intervention is known as the principle management for hemoptysis of significant amount But surgical procedure is applicable 13 only small number of patients because of increased mortality in emergency surgery and various functional and structural problems after lung resection. Bronchial artery embolization(BAE) has been used as an alternative interventional technique for immediate control of patients with increased risk for surgery due 19 recurrent or massive hemoptysis. BAE also has limitations such as recurrent bleeding after procedure and its role for the application to small amount of hemoptysis is still not established. METHOD: To evaluate immediate and long term effectiveness of BAE, we analysed 65 patients with hemoptysis according to therapeutic modalities they received ; BAE versus conservative management. RESULTS: The success rate for immediate control of hemoptysis was significantly higher in BAE group with 43 cases(100%) among 43 cases compared with 17 cases(77%) among 22 cases in conservative group (p<0.001). The disease control duration was 19.5α8.06 months in BAE group and 18.8α6.06 months in conservative group(p>0.05). The therapeutic response in BAE group was 82%(36/43 cases) and 95%(21/22 cases) in conservative group(p>0.05). According to the amount of hemoptysis, the therapeutic response were seen in 91%(29/32 cases) in less than 100ml and 85%(28/33 cases) in 100~400ml (p>0.05). According to the manifestation of hemoptysis, the therapeutic response in groups of recurrent and nonrecurent were 87%(20/23 cases) and 88%(37/42 cases)(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The difference of therapeutic response between BAE and conservative group in patients with small amounts of hemoptysis was not found except for immediate control of hemoptysis.
Bronchial Arteries* ; Emergencies ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung ; Mortality

While the frequency of primary carcinoma of the lung has recently increased in adults, it is rare in the pediatric age group. The various adult types of bronchogenic carcinoma such as squamous cell, small cell, large cell, and adenocarcinoma, are extremely rare in children. Twenty to 30 cases of primary bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung in children under 15 years of age have been reported in the English-language literature. We have experienced a small cell bronchogenic carcinoma detected by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsy in a 14-year-old boy with chief complaint of hemoptysis, lung mass and persistent pneumonitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary small cell bronchogenic carcinoma in childhood under 15 years of age. We report this case with a brief review of related literatures.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Bronchoscopy* ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic* ; Child* ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Pneumonia

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been isolated from a wide range of domestic and wild birds. Wild birds, predominantly ducks, geese and gulls form the reservoir of AIV in nature. The viruses in wild bird populations are a potential source of widespread infections in poultry. Active surveillance for AIV infection provides information regarding AIV distribution, and global AIV surveillance can play a key role in the early recognition of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Since 2003 in Korea, there have been four H5N1 HPAI outbreaks caused by clade 2.5, 2.2 and 2.3.2. Therefore, improvement of AIV surveillance strategy is required to detect HPAI viruses effectively. This article deals with the major events establishing the role of wild birds in the natural history of influenza in Korea. We highlighted the need for continuous surveillance in wild birds and characterization of these viruses to understand AIV epidemiology and host ecology in Korea.
Animals ; Birds* ; Charadriiformes ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ducks ; Ecology ; Epidemiology ; Geese ; Influenza in Birds* ; Influenza, Human ; Korea* ; Natural History ; Poultry ; Viruses*

Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses have been circulating in the Eurasian poultry industry resulting in great economic losses due to declined egg production and moderate to high mortality. In Korea, H9N2 LPAI was first documented in 1996 and it caused serious economic loss in the Korean poultry industry, including layer and broiler breeder farms. Since then, the H9N2 viruses that belong to the Korea group have been prevalent in chickens and have continuously evolved through reassortment in live bird markets. To control LPAI outbreaks, since 2007, the Korean veterinary authority has permitted the use of the inactivated oil adjuvant H9N2 LPAI vaccine. Although only oil-based inactivated vaccine using the egg-passaged vaccine virus strain (A/chicken/Korea/01310/2001) is permitted and used, several new technology vaccines have been recently suggested for the development of cost-effective and highly immunogenic vaccines. In addition, several different differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies have been suggested using appropriate vaccines and companion serologic tests for discriminating between naturally infected and vaccinated animals. Recent reports demonstrated that the Korean LPAI H9N2 virus underwent antigenic drift and evolved into distinct antigenic groups and thus could escape from vaccine protection. Therefore, improved vaccination strategies including periodic updates of vaccine seed strains are required to achieve efficient control and eradication of LPAI H9N2 in Korea. Further, vaccination should be part of an overall integrated strategy to control the disease, including continued nation-wide surveillance, farm biosecurity, and DIVA strategy.
Animals ; Birds ; Chickens ; Disease Outbreaks ; Friends ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds ; Korea ; Ovum ; Poultry ; Seeds ; Serologic Tests ; Sprains and Strains ; United Nations ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Viruses

No abstract available.
Aeromonas hydrophila* ; Aeromonas* ; Animals ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Mast Cells* ; Rats*

The pancreatobiliary ductal system is one of the most frequent areas of anatomic variations. Rcently despite the improvement in diagnosis and management of pancreatobiliary lesion, a lack of s more through knowledge and understanding of these variations is undoubtedly reaponsible for many problems of medical and surgical management. Especially, drainage of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct at sites other than the second portion of the duodenum is an anotomical curiosity. We report two cases of anomalous termination of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct into the duodenal bulb diagnosed by ERCP and Gastroscopy.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct* ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Duodenum ; Exploratory Behavior ; Gastroscopy ; Pancreatic Ducts*

Sorafenib is an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases and the rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway that is approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma. Sorafenib is known to have various cutaneous adverse effects, including hand-foot reaction, facial and scalp eruption, xerosis, and alopecia1.A 56-year-old man presented with non-painful, nonpruritic psoriasiform lesions that has been present for approximately 1 month (Fig. 1A∼E). Six months prior to presentation, he had been prescribed sorafenib at a daily dosage of 600∼800 mg after diagnosis of HCC with distant metastasis to the lung. A punch biopsy showed psoriasiform dermatitis (Fig. 1F, G). The skin lesions improved gradually after discontinuing sorafenib. However, at 1 month after discontinuation of sorafenib, considering the dose-dependent adverse effect of the medication, the patient resumed sorafenib at 400 mg daily after an oncology consultation. The lesions recurred beginning at 1 week after restarting sorafenib. A clinical diagnosis of sorafenib-associated psoriasiform drug eruption was made. The sorafenib treatment was maintained at 400 mg daily in conjunction with concurrent phototherapy and topical and intralesional corticosteroids for thick erythematous plaques, and intermittent systemic corticosteroid treatment when the cutaneous eruptions flared up.After approximately 2 years of sorafenib treatment, the patient presented with new crusting lesions without any other systemic adverse reactions. Multiple papules and plaques with central hyperkeratotic and crusted papules were present (Fig. 2A∼D). Punch biopsy showed a ‘perforating phenomenon’ (PP) (Fig. 2E∼G). The brownish hyperkeratotic crusts occurred consistently in prolonged psoriasiform plaques and resolved over time (Fig. 2A∼D). The psoriasiform eruptions and delayed-onset PP persisted with continuing sorafenib use (Fig. 2H). Along with a dose-decrease of sorafenib at 400mg daily, he was treated with systemic and topical corticosteroids, intralesional triamcinolone injection and narrowband ultraviolet B therapy. However, the patient showed recurrent cutaneous lesions aggravation upon tapering the dosage of corticosteroid.The psoriasiform lesions improved and then worsened with sorafenib dose change, and the PP featured hyperkeratotic crusts within multiple, long-lasting psoriasiform plaques. This phenomenon might have occurred to eliminate connective tissue or inflammatory material2 and differs from the appearance of transepidermal elimination in previously reported sorafenib-associated acquired perforating dermatosis cases3,4. Transepidermal elimination is a similar process to wound healing2, and considering that our patient had no history of diabetes, renal insufficiency, and trauma, our case might have exhibited the perforating and resolving phenomenon in response to the abnormal psoriasiform drug eruption.The RAS/MAPK cascade that is inhibited by sorafenib could be activated paradoxically; due to its role in antiangiogenesis, this activation results in epidermal disruption. The reduction and suppression of the hepatocyte growth factor-enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase induced by sorefenib could influence homeostasis of dermal elastic fibres, resulting in their disruption5. A few cases of psoriasiform drug eruption and PP after administration of sorafenib and other various tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been reported.The PP could represent a manifestation of the resolution of inflammation whereby the psoriasiform hyperplasia and the proliferated dermal tissue might be eliminated via a trans-epidermal route.

PURPOSE: In spite of an extensive vaccination program, parvoviral infections still pose a major threat to the health of dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We isolated a novel canine parvovirus (CPV) strain from a dog with enteritis. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of the isolate showed that it is a novel type 2b CPV with asparagine at the 426th position and valine at the 555th position in VP2. To develop a vaccine against CPV infection, we passaged the isolate 4 times in A72 cells. RESULTS: The attenuated isolate conferred complete protection against lethal homologous CPV infection in dogs such that they did not develop any clinical symptoms, and their antibody titers against CPV were significantly high at 7-11 days post infection. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the virus isolate obtained after passaging can be developed as a novel vaccine against paroviral infection.
Animals ; Asparagine ; Dogs ; Enteritis ; Parvovirus, Canine ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; Sprains and Strains ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Valine ; Viruses