No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Postconcussional Syndrome Questionnaire(KPCSQ) which was originally developed in 1992 by Lees-Haley. METHODS: Patients with traumatic brain injury were recruited from April 2009 to December 2011 from the Korean University Ansan Hospital. We selected patients that met the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria of postconcussional syndrome and organic mental disorder including organic mood disorder, organic emotionally labile disorder, organic anxiety disorder and organic personality disorder. The KPCSQ, Trait and State Anxiety Inventory(STAI-I, II), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD) were administered to all subjects. Factor analysis of the items were performed and test-retest correlation were evaluated. Internal consistency of the KPCSQ and its subscales was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. External validity of the KPCSQ were examined by correlation coefficient with the STAI-I, II, and CESD. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total PCSQ was 0.956. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.845. The PCSQ showed significant correlation with STAI-I, II and CESD. The factor analysis of the PCSQ yielded 4 factors model. Factor 1 represented 'affective and cognitive symptoms', factor 2 represented 'somatic symptoms', factor 3 represented 'infrequent symptoms' and factor 4 represented 'exaggeration or inattentive response'. There was no significant difference between the PCS group and the organic mental disorder group in the score on each measure. The scores on KPCSQ and its subscales in the subjects that had scored 5 or more in 'exaggeration or inattentive response' are significantly higher than those in the subjects had scored 4 in 'exaggeration or inattentive response'. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the Korean version of PCSQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing psychiatric symptomatology of patients with traumatic brain injury. Further investigations with greater numbers of subjects are necessary to assess the clinical usefulness of the KPCSQ.
Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Brain Injuries ; Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Mood Disorders ; Personality Disorders ; Questionnaires* ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo investigate the alkaloids from the stem of Artabotrys hainanensis.

METHODCompounds in plant extracts were separated by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Chemical structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses including UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESIMS and ESI-MS-MS.

RESULTEight alkaloids were isolated and identified as spinosine (1), 3-hydroxynornuciferine (2), juzirine (3), artabotrine (4), liridine (5), assimilobine (6), isococlaurine (7), N-demethylarmepavine (8).

CONCLUSIONAll alkaloids were isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 1, 3, 7 and 8 were isolated from genus Artabotrys for the first time.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Annonaceae ; chemistry ; Berberine Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Isoquinolines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

PURPOSE: To report a case of steroid-induced glaucoma in a child who was treated with systemic steroids for a long period due to graft-versus-host disease. CASE SUMMARY: A 10-year-old male was referred to our ophthalmologic clinic for examination of papilledema due to persistent headache and nausea. He was diagnosed as aplastic anemia 8 years prior and took approximately 4,000 mg of oral prednisolone for 8 years from April 2007 to April 2015 for treatment of lung graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. His best corrected visual acuity was 0.8 (decimal) in the right eye, 0.5 in the left eye and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured using a Goldmann applanation tonometer was 42 mm Hg in the right eye and 43 mm Hg in the left eye. His cup-to-disc ratio was 0.8 in the right eye and 0.7 in the left eye. Additionally, superior and inferior neuroretinal rim thinning was present in both eyes. Despite using IOP-lowering agents, IOP was not controlled. However, after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in both eyes, IOP became normalized. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of pediatric patients treated with systemic steroids for a long period of time, regular observation is necessary to prevent IOP elevation and steroid-induced glaucoma.
Anemia, Aplastic ; Child* ; Glaucoma* ; Graft vs Host Disease* ; Headache ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lung ; Male ; Mitomycin ; Nausea ; Papilledema ; Prednisolone ; Steroids ; Trabeculectomy ; Visual Acuity

This study was conducted to assess the attitude of pregnant women toward delivery method, understanding of the reason for determining her own delivery method, participation in decision-making process and satisfaction with delivery method after labor. Study subjects were 693 pregnant women who had visited obstetric clinic for prenatal care in the last month of pregnancy in one general hospital and one obstetrics-gynecology specialty hospital in Taegu city from February 1 to March 31 in 1998. A questionnaire was administered before and after labor and a telephone interview was done one month after labor. Proportion of women who had health education and/or counselling about delivery method during prenatal care was 24.0% and this proportion was higher for women who had previous c-section(35.5%) than others. Women thought vaginal delivery is better than c-section for both maternal and baby's health regardless of previous delivery method. About 90% of primipara and multiparous women who had previous vaginal delivery wanted vaginal delivery for the index birth, while 85.6% of multiparous women who had previous c-section wanted repeat c-section. Reasons for choosing c-section in pregnant women who preferred vaginal delivery before labor were recommendation of doctors(81.9%), recommendation of husband(0.8%), agreement between doctor and pregnant woman(4.7%), and mother's demand(12.6%). Reasons for choosing vaginal delivery were mother's demand(30.6%) and no indication for c-section(67.2%). Reasons for choosing c-section in pregnant women who preferred c-section before labor were recommendation of doctors(76.2%), mother's demand(20.0%), recommendation of husband(1.3%), and agreement between doctor and pregnant woman(2.5%). Of the pregnant women who had c-section, by doctor's recommendation, the proportion of women who had heard detailed explanation about reason for c-section by doctor was 55.1%. Mother's statement about the reason for c-section was consistent with the medical record in 75.9%. However, over 5% points disparities were shown between mother's statement and medical record in cases of the repeat c-section and mother's demand. In primipara and multiparous women who had previous vaginal delivery, the delivery method for index birth had statistically significant association with the preference of delivery method before labor(p<0.05). All of the women who had previous c-section had delivered the index baby by c-section. Among mothers who had delivered the index baby vaginally, 84.9% of them were satisfied with their delivery method immediately after labor and 85.1% at 1 month after labor. However, mothers who had c-section stated that they are satisfied with c-section in 44.6% immediately after labor and 42.0% at 1 month after labor. Preferred delivery method for the next birth had statistically significant association with delivery method for the index birth both immediately after labor and in 1 month after labor. The proportion of mothers who prefer vaginal delivery for the next birth increased with the degree of satisfaction with the vaginal delivery for the index birth but the proportion of mothers who prefer c-section for the next birth was high and they did not change significantly with the degree of satisfaction with the c-section for the index birth. These results suggest that the current high technology-based, physician-centered prenatal and partritional cares need to be reoriented to the basic preventive and promotive technology-based, and mother-fetus-centered care. It is also suggested that active involvement of pregnant woman in decision-making process for the delivery method will increase the rate of vaginal birth after c-section and decrease c-section rate and improve the degree of maternal satisfaction after delivery.
Daegu ; Female ; Health Education ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Prenatal Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: There is no standard targeted therapy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, its management heavily depends on adjuvant chemotherapy. Using core needle biopsy, this study evaluated the histological factors of TNBC predicting the response to chemotherapy. METHODS: One hundred forty-three TNBC patients who received single-regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with the combination of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and docetaxel were enrolled. The core needle biopsy specimens acquired before NAC were used to analyze the clinicopathologic variables and overall performance of the predictive model for therapeutic response. RESULTS: Independent predictors of pathologic complete response after NAC were found to be higher number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (p=0.007), absence of clear cytoplasm (p=0.008), low necrosis (p=0.018), and high histologic grade (p=0.039). In the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the area under curve for the combination of these four variables was 0.777. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that a predictive model using the above four variables can predict therapeutic response to single-regimen NAC with the combination of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and docetaxel in TNBC. Therefore, adding these morphologic variables to clinical and genomic signatures might enhance the ability to predict the therapeutic response to NAC in TNBC.
Area Under Curve ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytoplasm ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ; Necrosis ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; ROC Curve ; Treatment Outcome ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: To identify clinical characteristics of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in neonatal period and early infancy and provide information in clinical practice. METHODS: Twelve neonates and young infants (<6 months) who were infected by respiratory syncytial virus and required mechanical ventilation between March 2005 and July 2007 were enrolled. Diagnosis of RSV infection was made based on the positive results by rapid antigen immunoassay or polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There were four premature infants, of whom three were near-term. Birth weight of subject patients was 2.8+/-0.6 kg, gestational age was 37+/-2 weeks and the age at the time of admission was 35+/-15 days. Nine of them showed apnea and in five patients, apnea itself was an indication for mechanical ventilation. In seven of the apneic patients, apnea was the first manifestation of RSV infection. In three of these seven apneic patients, apnea preceded definite respiratory distress signs or typical stethoscopic findings by 1-3 days. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 3+/-2 days, and mean duration of stay in intensive care unit was 6+/-2 days. CONCLUSION: RSV is a major cause of severe respiratory tract infection in term or near-term infant younger than 2 months. For apnea could be the first manifestation of the RSV infection, high level of suspicion is required in practice of neonates or young infants who show any upper respiratory infection symptoms during RSV season.
Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Bronchiolitis ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care Units ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seasons

In this paper, the ACKNOWLEDGMENT was given incorrectly.

Even though it is a rare complication to have hepatic cyst infection in adult polycystic kidney disease, the patient is expected to be complicated with sepsis or acute cholangitis and die if not treated properly. The typical clinical manifestations of hepatic cyst infection are fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Liver enzyme and serum bilirubin levels may be elevated. The clinical outcome of hepatic cyst infection is better when antibiotic and drainage are performed simultaneously than only antibiotic is used. We experienced a case of infected hepatic cyst from a 58-year-old male patient receiving hemodialysis with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Due to his persistent fever and leukocytosis during intravenous antibiotic therapy, we performed percutaneous drainage of hepatic cyst. Because the drainage fluid presented leukocytosis and deep yellow color, we diagnosed the case as a hepatic cyst infection. We applied both percutaneous drainage of infected liver cyst and antibiotic and we observed clinical improvement.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult* ; Bilirubin ; Cholangitis ; Drainage* ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Liver ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant* ; Renal Dialysis ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: Liver metastasis is the most common type of failure in the treatment of colorectal cancer. The identification of differential expressions of genes in colorectal cancer and liver metastasis is important to differentiate the genetic mechanism of carcinogenesis and liver metastasis from that of a normal mucosa. The aim of this study is to find candidate genes playing roles in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer by using cDNA microarray. METHODS: We screened a group of genes differentially expressed in a normal mucosa and in cancer and liver metastasis by using a 4.7 K cDNA microarray chip in 8 patients with far advanced colorectal cancer from Jan 2003 to May 2004 at Kyungpook National University Hospital. RESULTS: A comparison of mRNA expressions of genes in normal mucosa vs. cancer, normal mucosa vs. liver metastasis, and cancer vs. liver metastasis, 76 and 27 known and unknown genes were significantly over-expressed in cancer and liver metastasis, respectively. Also 62 and 26 genes were down- regulated in cancer and liver metastasis. Among those genes, TIMP-1, SRY-box9, Rattus norvegicus fibronectin 1, mitotic check point regulator, etc. were constantly up- regulated in cancer or metastasis, and hsgk, etc. were down-regulated in cancer or liver metastasis. CONSLUSIONS: The cDNA microarray chip technique could be a useful for robust screening of candidate genes involved in carcinogenesis or metastasis of colorectal cancer.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA, Complementary* ; Fibronectins ; Gene Expression ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Liver* ; Mass Screening ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Pilot Projects* ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1