AIM:To investigate the gene expression profile of human lung squamous cell carcinoma in early stage.METHODS:The mRNA was extracted from cancer tissue and normal lung tissue.The mixed probes were labeled and hybridized with chip containing 480 carcinoma related genes,then analyzed by SuperArray Image software to study the gene expression patterns in lung squamous cell carcinoma.RESULTS:192 genes associated with lung squamous cell carcinogenesis were found,which were grouped into transporter,adhesion molecules,cytoskeleton proteins,transcription regulator,genes associated with metabolism and immune response according to functions.127 gens were positive to lung squamous cell carcinogenesis and 65 genes were negative to lung squamous cell carcinogenesis.CONCLUSION:The screen of gene expression profile of human lung squamous cell carcinoma provides valuable information for the research of molecular mechanism of the lung squamous cell carcinogenesis.

Objective To investigate the expression of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase(JNK) in rat brains with chronic fluorosis and try to reveal the molecular mechanism for the neural impairment induced by the disease.Methods The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, normal control group(drinking water containing less than 0.5 mg/L of sodium fluoride, NaF), lower fluoride exposed group(drinking water containing 5 mg/L NaF) and higher fluoride exposed group(drinking water containing 50 mg/L NaF), 24 in every group. The rats were examined at the sixth month after feeding. The concentration of fluorine in urine and blood was detected by F-ion selective electrode. The expression of JNK in brains was investigated by using Western blotting and immunohitochemistry staining, and analyze the correlation between activating of JNK and the concentration of fluorine in blood. Results The increased concentration of fluorine in urine(control: 0.92 ± 0.30, lower fluoride exposed group: 2.56 ± 0.91,higher fluoride exposed group: 5.73 ± 3.14, P ＜ 0.05) were observed when 6 months after the beginning of the experiment, and the amount of fluorine in blood was also higher in rats with fluorosis(control: 0.12 ± 0.07, lower fluoride exposed group: 0.36 ± 0.14, higher fluoride exposed group: 0.50 ± 0.18, P ＜ 0.05). The expression of phospho-JNK at protein levels were higher in the brains of rats with fluorosis than that of controls (control: 1.00 ± 0.37, lower fluoride exposed group: 1.20 ± 0.28, higher fluoride exposed group: 1.74 ± 0.69, P ＜ 0.05), whereas no change of total-JNK was found(F = 0.046, P ＞ 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of phospho-JNK in the parietal cortex(119.3 ± 14.1), occipital cortex(112.7 ± 5.4), hippocampus CA3(100.6 ± 8.9), dorsal thalamus (117.8 ± 10.4) and olivary nucleus( 112.6 ± 5.9) of rats in higher fluoride exposed group were higher than that in control( 104.1 ± 8.9,106.6 ± 9.6,106.6 ± 9.7,108.9 ± 6.4,100.3 ± 8.4, all P ＜ 0.05) and lower fluoride exposed group(96.7 ± 17.1,102.5 ± 8.3,106.4 ± 6.5,110.2 ± 9.3,102.4 ± 4.7,102.5 ± 9.8, all P＜ 0.05). The positive stained neurons of total-JNK also distributed in the same brain regions of rats, but no difference was detected between the rats with fluorosis and controls(all P ＞ 0.05). The increased level of phospho-JNK was positively correlated with the fluoride contents in blood of the rats with fluorosis (r = 0.677). Conclusions The expression of phospho-JNK in brains of rats with fluorosis was significantly increased with a correlation to fluoride content in blood, which might be connected to the mechanism of neural impairment induced by chronic fluorosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of extraeellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2)pathway in rat brains with fluorosis and the effects of fluoride on learning and memory of the rats,and to reveal the mechanisms of damaged nervous system resulted from the toxicity of the ion.Methods Seventy-two SD rats were divided into 3 groups and 24 rats were in each group.Three groups were fed respectively with different concentrations of fluoride(NaF)for 6 months to establish rat models with fluorosis.Controls were fed with tap water (NaF＜0.5 mg/L):lower and higher concentration group were fed with water containing NaF(5,50 ms/L).Animals are sacrificed after 6 months of treatment with fluoride and the dissected brains were kept for analysis.The protein levels of ERK1/2 in rat brains were detected by Western-blotting and the mRNA level by RT-PCR. The spatial learning and memorizing ability was measured by Morris water maze test. Results The ERK1/2 protein in control group,lower and higher concentration group was 0.944±0.10,1.253±0.02,1.953±0.07,the differece being statistieally sighificant between any two groups (P ＜ 0.05). The phospho-ERKl/2 protein in control group,lower and higher concentration group was 0.73±0.08,0.77±0.07,1.28±0.11,the differece being statistieally sighificant between any two groups(P ＜ 0.05);the activation rate of phospho-ERK1/2 in lower and higher concentration group [(68.4± 3.8)%,(64.1±3.2)%] was decreased compared to control group[ (82.3±10.7)%],the differece being significant(P ＜ 0.05). In the navigation trial,longer escape latencies of lower concentration group on the second, the third,the fifth and the sixth day were observed[ (46.0±8.0),(24.0±2.7),(8.9±5.3),(7.4±4.1 )s] compared to the control[ (39.3±6.9),(19.1±9.1 ),(8.3±3.4),(4.8±2.7)s],the differece being significant (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 );the similar results were also observed in the higher concentration group[ (36.9±16.8),(37.7±12.9), (19.7±7.6),(12.2±5.7 )s],and the escape latencies of the higher concentration group on the third,the fifth and the sixth day were longer than that in lower concentration group. In the probe test,the rats took more time to reach the first cross in lower and higher concentration group[(1.17±0.75),(4.18±1.10)s] than control group[ (5.89± 0.56 ) s ],the differece being significant (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ) ;stayed shorter [ ( 17.05±4.25 ),(18.20±4.57 ) s ] than control [(25.37±5.65 )s ] in platform area (P ＜ 0.01 );the activation rates of ERK1/2 were directly correlated with the time taken to reach the first cross platform located in the probe test(r = 0.364,P ＜ 0.05) and the activation rates were also directly correlated with the escape latencies on the sixth day(r = 0.497,P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Long-term exposure of excessive fluoride induces the change of expression and activating rate of the ERK1/2 in rat brains,leading to the decreased capacity of learning and memory.

Objective To investigate the changes of oxidative stress level in brain tissues and serum, and learning and memory in rats with oxidative stress level in nerve damage in chronic fluorosis. Methods The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the body weight, eight rats in each group, i.e., control group, drinking water containing less than 0.5 mg/L of fluoride; lower fluoride exposure group, drinking water containing 5 mg/L of fluoride; higher fluoride exposure group, drinking water containing 50 mg/L of fluoride. The animals were examined six months after initiating the experiment. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as learning and memory, were measured. Results Escape latency in higher fluoride exposed group[ (14.37±3.48)s] was significantly higher than that of controls[ (5.84±1.87)s] and exposed te lower fluoride [ (7.18±1.42)s], the difference being statistically signifieant(P<0.05). As compared with controls[ (2.17±0.11)× 103 U/L , (0.79±0.11)×103 U/g Pr] ,the rats exposed to higher fluoride and lower fluoride exhibited lower levels of T-AOC [(1.37±0.27)×103 U/L,(0.24±0.06)×103 U/g Prand (1.20±0.14) x 103 U/L,(0.41 ~ 0.10)×103 U/g Pr], the difference being statistically signifieant(P<0.05). As compared with controls[ (2.34±0.16) mmoL/L, (2.97±0.11)mmol/g Pr] and low fluoride exposed group[ (2.68±0.33)mmoL/L, (3.38±0.21)mmol/g Pr], higher level of MDA were observed in higher fluoride exposed group[ (3.72±0.59)retool/L, (4.01±0.21)mmol/g Pr], the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that higher amount of fluoride induced an increased level of oxidation, which might result in the decreased capacity of intelligence of rats with fluorosis.

Objective To evaluate the eradication rate and long-term therapeutic effect of a triple therapy consisted of cla-(rithromycin) (CLA), amoxicillin (AMO)and omeperazole on Hp infection,and explore the alternative therapeutic programs and their effects after first therapeutic failure.Methods A total of 92 children with Hp infection were divided into two groups: 70 children were given the triple therapy for one week (CLA group);Twenty-two children were given another triple therapy composed of metronida-(zoole) (MET), AMO and omeperazole for two weeks (MET group).All of the children were followed up for 1-30 months after the therapies ended.Children of the two groups who were therapeutic failure were given retreatment as follows.CLA triple therapy were given for one week to the children who were failure after MET triple therapy;increased doses of CLA with longer treatment course was given to the children who were failure after CLA triple therapy . A tetra therapy consisted of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS), furazolidone (FUR) ,omeperazole and AMO was given to children in whom the retreatment failed.Results The Hp eradication rate of CLA group was 91.4%(64/70),and the Hp eradication rate of MET group was 72.7%(16/22).There was significant difference between eradication rate of the two groups(?~2=5.16 P

Objective To explore the initial clinical and imaging characteristics of basal ganglia germinoma in children.Methods Four patients with basal ganglia germinoma were reported.Their clinical features,laboratory findings,radiological manifestations,treatment and outcome were analyzed.They recieved radiation therapy and chemotherapy after diagnosis.All patients were clinically diagnosed,according to the results of low-dose cranial irradiation.The outcomes were followed up for 2 years.Results All patients were male and school-aged(9-13 years) children.The course of the disease ranged from 5 to 13 months.All patients were presented with slowly progressive hemiparesis,and 2 cases of them were presented with cognitive decline and psychosis.Seizure occurred in 2 patients.The serum ?-human chorionic gonadotropin(?-hcG) level was significantly increased in 2 patients(30.16 IU/L and 77.85 IU/L,respectively),and mildly elevated in 1 patient(4.29 IU/L),while serum ?-hcG level in another case was within normal control range.MRI demonstrated mildly high intensity in the left or right basal ganglia on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images without remarkable occupying lesion.Ipsilateral hemiatrophy of the hemisphere and midbrain was also noted.Inhomogeneous Gd-DTPA enhancement was observed.All patients had been treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy.During 2 years follow up,significant improvement was observed in all patients after therapy,imaging lesions disappeared and the elevated ?-hcG level of those elevated before therapy returned to normal.Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment for basal ganglia germinoma are critically important to improve the prognosis.In young male patients with progressive hamiparesis,basal ganglia germinoma should be considered for differentiation,if abnormal high intensity signals in basal ganglia on T1-weighted and T2-weighted image with ipsilateral hemiatrophy of the hemisphere are demonstrated on MRI,even without occupying effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of IGF-Ⅱ on adriamycin-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(HepG2).Methods Cultured HepG2 cells were divided into:①group A:control group;②group B:ADM group(200 ng/ml);③group C:2 ng/ml IGF-Ⅱ+200 ns/ml ADM group;④group D:20 ng/ml IGF-Ⅱ+200 ng/ml ADM group;⑤group E:200 ng/ml IGF-Ⅱ+200 ng/ml ADM group. After HepG2 were treated for 48 h,MTT colorimetry was performed to determine the cell viability,Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate,and Weastern-blot was performed to evaluate the expression of survivin. Results The cell viability of group A、B、C、D、E was respectively 0.568±0.025、0.201±0.020、0.232±0.027、0.268±0.013 and 0.304±0.019;The cell apoptosis rate of group A、B、C、D;E was respectively 6.9％±1.3％、35.4％±2.1％、31.2％±2.2％、26.4％±1.7％and 21.7％±1.9％;Survivinβ-actin of group A、B、C、D、E was respectively 0.527±0.039、0.147±0.081、0.311±0.069、0.421±0.033 and 0.469±0.031.The cell viability in IGF-Ⅱ+ADM group was better than ADM group(P＜0.01),the cell apoptosis rate in IGF-Ⅱ+ADM group was significantly lower than ADM group(P＜0.01),the expression level of survivin in IGF-Ⅱ +ADM group was significantly higher than ADM group(P＜0.01). Conclusions IGF-Ⅱ inhibits ADM-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells,probably by up-regulating cell's survivin expression.

Objective To investigate the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis or bone loss in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by Bugu capsules.Methods Sixty-six patients with SLE were randomly divided into A and B groups:34 patients in Group A were treated by glucocorticoid and Bugu capsules,and 32 patients in Group B by glucocorticoid alone.All patients were measured for bone mineral density (BMD) in Wards triangle,and for related biochemical parameters such as serum calcium, phosphonium,alkaline phosphatase,parathyroid hormone (PTH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after the treatment.As the control group,thirty healthy subjects were measured for the above parameters.Results There was significant difference in the serum level of IL-6,calcium and PTH between the Group B and con- trol group (P＜0.01).The occurrence rate of osteoporosis or bone loss in group A was significant lower than that in group B [2/34 (5.88%) vs 9/32 (28.13%),P=0.0364].Conclusion Bugu capsules can prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis or bone loss in SLE patients,possibly by restoring the balance among serum IL-6,calcium and PTH.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the long-term effect of repeated febrile convulsions (FC) on seizure susceptibility in immature rats.

METHODSWarm-water-immersion rat FC model was developed with SD rats 22 days of age, 15 attacks of seizures were induced in the rats every other day, and some of the rats were left un-stimulated for 3 months, then were re-stimulated. Seizure phenomenon was observed, including the latency and the duration of seizures and the temperature of rats. Hippocampal neuron loss and mossy fiber sprouting were detected by thionine staining and Timm staining.

RESULTSAfter the 15th bath, the latency, the duration of seizures, and the temperature of rats were respectively (4.3 +/- 0.8) min, (5.5 +/- 2.9) min, (42.2 +/- 0.7) degrees C. Three months later, on re-stimulation, in 14 of 19 rats with previous FC experience seizures occurred while in only one of 13 non-FC rats seizure occurred and lasted for 8.5 min. Three months later, the latency, the duration of seizures, and the temperature of rats were respectively (5.4 +/- 0.6) min, (19.3 +/- 5.1) min, and (42.4 +/- 0.4) degrees C (4 rats with status epileptics were not included). The incidence of seizures on re-stimulation in rats of FC group (74%) was significantly higher than that in non-FC group (8%) (chi(2) = 13.50, P < 0.01), and the duration of seizures [(19.3 +/- 5.1) min] was significantly longer than those induced in early life [(5.5 +/- 2.9) min] (t = 10.49, P < 0.01). After the 15th bath, no significant change was demonstrated in rats of different groups. While 3 months later, prominent neuron loss was observed in hippocampal CA(3) region in rats with previous FC experience (P < 0.01). Significant mossy fiber sprouting phenomenon was detected after the 15th bath and 3 months later (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRepeated FC in early life enhances long term susceptibility of rats to seizure.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures ; pathology ; Seizures, Febrile ; pathology ; Time Factors

Objective: To explore family correlates of physical aggression among students in concentrated poverty-stricken minority areas. Methods: By using cluster sampling, questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 960 students in Dongjing county, Wucun county and Babie village in Baise City. Information of general demographic characteristics and physical aggression was collected. Results: Family economic status, family structure, family education system, family emotional atmosphere and household function showed significant effects on physical aggression(F/t=35.15, -5.78, 5.57, 9.54, 60.86, P<0.05).From multivariate logistic regression showed that family structure, parenting style, family emotional atmosphere and household function significantly accounted for variation of physical aggression, with one-unit improve of above indicators resulted in 0.11, 0.17, 0.17 and 0.36 decrease in physical aggression, respectively. Conclusion Parents should be encouraged to construct a harmonious family atmosphere, democratic parenting and well-functioning family, and cultivate positive attitude and outlook on life of their children through active life perspectives, aiming to reduce physical aggression and promote physical and mental well-being.