The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide donor NaHS administration against gastric mucosal injury induced by gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GI-R) in rats. GI-R injury was induced by clamping the celiac artery of adult male SD rats for 30 min and followed by reperfusion for 1 h. The rats were randomly divided into sham group, GI-R group, NaHS group, glibenclamide group and pinacidil group. Gastric mucosal damage was analyzed with macroscopic injured area, deep damage was assessed with histopathology scores, and the hydrogen sulfide concentration in plasma was determined by colorimetric method. The results showed that pretreatment of NaHS significantly reduced the injured area and deep damage of the gastric mucosa induced by GI-R. However, NaHS did not significantly alter the levels of hydrogen sulfide in plasma 14 d after NaHS administration. The gastric protective effect of NaHS during reperfusion could be attenuated by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) blocker. However, K(ATP) opener pinacidil inhibited the GI-R-induced injury. These results suggest that exogenous hydrogen sulfide plays a protective role against GI-R injury in rats possibly through modulation of K(ATP) channel opening.
Animals ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; KATP Channels ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Stomach ; blood supply ; Sulfides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo define the differences in gene expression patterns between glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-transformed human lung fibroblast cells (2BS cells) and controls.

METHODSThe mRNA differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) technique was used. cDNAs were synthesized by reverse transcription and amplified by PCR using 30 primer combinations. After being screened by dot blot analysis, differentially expressed cDNAs were cloned, sequenced and confirmed by Northern blot analysis.

RESULTSEighteen differentially expressed cDNAs were cloned and sequenced, of which 17 were highly homologous to known genes (homology = 89%-100%) and one was an unknown gene. Northern blot analysis confirmed that eight genes encoding human zinc finger protein 217 (ZNF217), mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK-3), ribosomal protein (RP) L15, RPL41, RPS 16, TBX3, stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) and mouse ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBC), respectively, were up-regulated, and three genes including human transforming growth factor beta inducible gene (Betaig-h3), alpha-1,2-mannosidase 1A2 (MAN 1A2) gene and an unknown gene were down-regulated in the GMA-transformed cells.

CONCLUSIONAnalysis of the potential function of these genes suggest that they may be possibly linked to a variety of cellular processes such as transcription, signal transduction, protein synthesis and growth, and that their differential expression could contribute to the GMA-induced neoplastic transformation.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; toxicity ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Epoxy Compounds ; toxicity ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; Male ; Mannosidases ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Methacrylates ; toxicity ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ribosomal Proteins ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ubiquitins ; metabolism ; Zinc Fingers ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the genotoxic and nongenotoxic effects of short-term exposure to glycidyl mathacrylate (GMA) on human lung fibroblast cells (2BS cells) in vitro.

METHODSDNA strand breakage was determined by single cell gel electrophoresis, and DNA ladder formation assay and flow cytometric analysis were carried out to detect apoptic responses of cells to GMA exposure. The HPRT gene mutation assay was used to evaluate the mutagenicity, and the effect of GMA on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the exposed cells was examined with the scrape loading/dye transfer technique. The ability of GMA to transform 2BS cells was also tested by an in vitro cell transformation assay.

RESULTSExposure to GMA resulted in a dose-dependent increase in DNA strand breaks but not apoptic responses. GMA was also shown to significantly induce HPRT gene mutations and morphological transformation in 2BS cells in vitro. In contrast, GMA produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of GJIC.

CONCLUSIONSGMA elicits both genotoxic and nongenotoxic effects on 2BS cells in vitro. The induction of DNA damage and gene mutations and inhibition of GJIC by GMA may casually contribute to GMA-induced cell transformation.

Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Epoxy Compounds ; toxicity ; Fibroblasts ; Gap Junctions ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ; genetics ; Lung ; cytology ; Methacrylates ; toxicity

Objective To investigate the metabolic alterations in the brain of neonates with HIE and correlate those alterations with clinical grading and prognosis of HIE.Methods Fourty-six eases of full-term neonates diagnosed as HIE clinically were performed MRI and 1~H-MRS,9 healthy neonates without the evidence of asphyxia were studied as controls,1~H-MRS techniques included single voxel proton MRS and two dimensional muhi-voxel chemical shift spectroscopy imaging,point resolved spectroscopy sequence was used for 1~H-MRS.Metabolic changes in the spectroscopy were analyzed in neonates with HIE,and study the relationgship between MRS findings and prognosis.Results(1)The typical 1~H-MRS manifestations of full- term neonates suffering from HIE were as follows:the peaks of Lac were elevated,GLx-? were elevated and NAA were decreased.(2)GLx-?/Cr ratio in control,mild,moderate and severe HIE group was 0.16, 0.21,0.64,and 1.31,respectively.Lac/Cr ratio in control,mild,moderate and severe HIE group was 0.12,0.14,0.19,and 0.26,respectively.There was a significant difference in the ratio of GLx-? and Lac/Cr between HIE group and control group(t=5.01,P

Objective To analyze the main practices of capitation payment system reform in the case areas and put forward enlightenments and suggestions in this regard. Methods The implementation practices of the case areas were summarized, and descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the implementation effects. Results By analyzing the effectiveness of the case areas′reform, it was found that the case areas are curbing the excessive growth of medical expenses (for example, outpatient fees per visit of Dingyuan county-level hospitals decreased from 245.11 yuan in 2015 to 218.40 yuan in 2017), increasing the actual compensation ratio of residents ( for example, the actual compensation ratio of Funan increased from 59.80% in 2015 to 63.28% in 2017), forming a medical treatment pattern within the county (for example, out-of-county compensation ratio in Dingyuan decreased from 37.38% in 2015 to 31.13% in 2017), achieving double-way referrals (for example, the number of referrals to superior hospitals of Jimo increased from 98 in 2015 to 328 in 2017), improving the subsidence of quality services, and controlling the risks of medical insurance funds. Conclusions At present, the reform of the case areas has been implemented steadily and achieved results. It is recommended to further improve such aspects as reform coordination, insurance standard setting, incentive mechanism establishment, and leadership to ensure the reform progress.

Adult ; CD5 Antigens ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Choristoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hamartoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Thymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thymus Gland ; pathology ; Thymus Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods

Ras is best known for its ability to regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Mutations in Ras are associated with the abnormal cell proliferation which can result in incidence of all human cancers. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a downstream effector of Ras and plays important roles in prognosis of tumors. Recently, evidence has gradually accumulated to demonstrate that there are other effectors between Ras and ERK, these proteins interact each other and constitute the thorough Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The pathway has profound effects on incidence of esophageal carcinoma and clinical applications of some chemotherapeutic drugs targeting the pathway. Further understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway can be helpful for the development of efficient targeting therapeutic approaches which contribute to the treatment of esophageal cancer. In this article, roles of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in esophageal carcinoma as well as pharmacological targeting point in the pathway are reviewed.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; pathology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; ras Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the biomarker of manganese exposure by analyzing the relationship between manganese exposure and concentration in some biomaterials.

METHODSThe air samples were collected through the individual air sample. According to the manganese levels in the air, workers were assigned to control group, low concentration group and high concentration group, and manganese in the hair, urine, serum, blood cell and saliva from different group were measured respectively. The correlations between concentration of external manganese exposure and manganese concentrations in biomaterials, and years of employment and concentrations in biomaterials were analyzed.

RESULTSIn the high concentration group, saliva manganese was 32.17 µg/L, hair manganese was 37.39 mg/kg, urine manganese was 2.50 µg/L, plasma manganese was 29.61 µg/L, blood manganese was 14.49 µg/L, were higher than those in the control group (10.40 µg/L, 1.60 mg/kg, 0.77 µg/L, 10.30 µg/L, 4.56 µg/L respectively) (P < 0.01). The manganese concentration in the saliva was significantly correlated with airborne manganese concentration (r = 0.649, P < 0.01), with the years of employment (r = 0.404, P < 0.01), with the total exposure of manganese (r = 0.342, P < 0.01), with the manganese concentration of plasma (r = 0.303, P < 0.01) and with the manganese concentration in blood cells (r = 0.359, P < 0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe concentration of manganese in saliva could work as a biomarker of manganese internal exposure.

Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Hair ; chemistry ; Humans ; Manganese ; analysis ; blood ; urine ; Manganese Poisoning ; prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the characteristics of cytogenetic aberration of adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) and/or bcr-abl positive (bcr-abl+) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and investigate its influence on patients' outcomes.

METHODRetrospective analysis of 100 adult Ph+ ALL patients from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2007 was carried out. The type, distribution and frequency of chromosome aberration were summarized, and compared among different subgroups.

RESULTS1) In all cases, 72 had chromosome aberrations, including 22 with sole Ph chromosome, 44 Ph+ with additional abnormalities, which included double Ph, monosomy 7, monosomy 20, trisomy 8 trisomy 21, 9p deletion and 22 deletion. 2) Patients with pseudodiploid and hyperdiploid had higher WBC count, and inferior outcome with lower rates of overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS). 3) Ph+ group also had higher WBC counts and inferior outcome with low OS and RFS rates. There was no statistic significance between sole Ph+ group and Ph plus additional aberrations group. 4) Patients with both abnormal and normal metaphase (AN) and with solely abnormal metaphase (AA) had higher WBC count, less frequent P190 occurrence and inferior outcome than those only normal metaphase (NN) group, whereas, there was no difference between AA and AN groups. 5) Double Ph chromosome had a lower frequency of P190 and inferior OS than non-double Ph group.

CONCLUSIONAdults with Ph+ ALL have complicated cytogenetic abnormalities, pseudodiploid and hyperdiploid indicate inferior outcome, and double Ph chromosome may be a unfavorable prognostic factor.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate a novel method to differentiate hemangioma from vascular malformation, to stage hemangiomas and to monitor the efficacy of management for hemangioma.

METHODSThe urinary basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) concentration of 144 cases (including 69 cases of proliferating hemangiomas, 41 cases of involuting hemangiomas, 23 cases of vascular malformations and 11 negative controls) was examined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe differences of urinary bFGF concentration among proliferating hemangiomas, involuting hemangiomas, vascular malformations and negative control were all significant, while the differences between the latter three groups were not significant.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that examination of urinary bFGF concentration using ELISA technique is helpful in differentiating hemangioma from vascular malformation, staging hemangiomas and dynamically monitoring the efficacy of treatment for hemangiomas. Our results probably shed new light on the potential pathogenesis of hemangiomas and vascular malformation.

Arteriovenous Malformations ; diagnosis ; urine ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; urine ; Hemangioma ; diagnosis ; urine ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn