Hand Disinfection ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal

BACKGROUND:Airway epithelial regeneration can effectively inhibit submucosal hyperblastosis and the occurrence of obliteration. Studies demonstrated that ventilation could accelerate the regeneration of airway epithelium. OBJECTIVE:To establish and improve an orthotopic tracheal transplantation model and to further observe the effects of ventilation on trachea in alogeneic mice. METHODS:C57BL/6 mouse's tracheal served as donor, and BALB/c mouse's tracheal as recipient. This experiment contained two groups. In the experimental group, the membranous part of trachea was longitudinaly dissected in two donors and sutured into an enlarged trachea, which was implanted in the recipient. In the control group, donor's trachea was implanted into the recipient in situ. Samples were obtained and detected at 28 days after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results demonstrated that compared with the control group, wel-differentiated ciliated epithelium was visible in the epithelial lamina of tracheal lumen, accompanying a few non-ciliated single or stratified squamous epithelium, mild submucosal fibrosis and inflammatory cel infiltration. Morphological analysis revealed that ciliated epithelial proportion in the experimental group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of lamina propria to the tracheal cartilage, submucous fibrous tissuearea and the degree of lymphocyte infiltration were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the transplanted tracheal epithelium in both groups was recipient epithelial phenotype. Results verified that a modified orthotopic tracheal transplantation model was successfuly established. The increased ventilation of the tracheal alografts can accelerate the differentiation of tracheal epithelium. The wel-differentiated airway epithelium inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast.

AIM: To discuss the essence of Yufeng Capsule(Radix Astragali, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, etc.) on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis and its mechanism. METHODS: The parametes of observation included hemorrhedogy、thrombosis、 the function of platelet and content of blood plasma TXB_2 and 6-keto-PGF_ 1? about male old rat model as the blood stasis model. RESULTS: Yufeng Capsule can restrain platelet aggregation obviously(P

Objective To evaluate the application effect of pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 40 patients were admitted to our treatment group in Shanghai Pulmonary hospital in October who accepted pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery.All the clinic statistics of patients were collected including operative time,the volume of blood intra-operation,postoperative complications and hospitalization time.23 of 40 patients who accepted lobectomy/segmentectomy with pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery were assigned to the observation group,while another 30 concurrent patients who accepted lobectomy/segrnentectomy with conventional uniportal thoracoscopic surgery were assigned to the control group.Both groups were compared.Results The average postoperative hospitalization time of observation group was(4.6 ± 1.3) days.The average time for postoperative drainage tube retention was(46.7 ± 18.6) hours.The average operation time of patients in observation and control groups was(121.74 ± 25.16) min and (119.7 ± 14.26) min separately.The volume of blood intra-operation in observation group was(91.74 ± 32.88)ml and(89.00 ± 41.22) ml in control group.There is no significant difference between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The field of view and adjustment of camera in uniportal thoracoscopic surgery by single surgeon with pneumatic arm assistance are more accurate and steady,in which human resource can be saved.It is safe and reliable and does not prolong operative time or increase bleeding during operation,and can be applied to different kinds of diseases in thoracic surgery.It is worth promotion and application in eligible hospitals and medical institutions.

The molecular descriptors of impurities with known structure in cefdinir were calculated, selected and associated with the chromatographic retention behavior to establish a model. This quantitative structure retention relationships (QSRR) model for the related substances of cefdinir was established under specific chromatographic condition and verified by other impurities. 12 molecular descriptors were used to establish the QSRR model, F_AFRBWF, Blbn_J, SsCH3, SssCH2, SsNH2, SssNH, SssS, SHdCH2, EEM_AFc, EEM_AFpl, EEM_XFpl and Pi_MaxQ. The relativity between true values and predictions in QSRR of cefdinir is R2 = 0.9836 (n = 18), ΔRRT is no more than 0.154, as 10.17% in RRT. The results indicate that the QSRR model for the related substances of cefdinir can be used to evaluate the analysis methods for related substances and predict the chromatographic behavior of new impurities, which will provide a new way for the evaluation of the effectiveness for drug quality control.
Cephalosporins ; chemistry ; standards ; Chromatography ; Models, Chemical ; Quality Control ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of the payment reform at public hospitals in Sanming city.Methods Interrupted time series analysis was used to compare changes of the average days of stay,per capita hospitalization expense,outpatient expense per visit,proportion of medical expense and that of drugs during hospitalization at 21 public hospitals at or above county level before and after the DRGs reform.Results Comparisons before and after the reform found the average days of stay at the original momentum,poor control in curbing the proportion of medical expense and that of drugs during hospitalization,adropping followed by rising trend in the outpatient expense per visit,and minimal drop of the abovementioned proportions.Conclusions The rapid growth of outpatient and hospitalization costs at tertiary hospitals may be incurred by unreasonable cost transfer,structural trend of hospitalization expense makeup,and rationality pending scrutiny.

Tripartite-sector reform (a synergistic reform in public health services,medical insurance and medicine production-circulation) in Sanming city was described in the paper which centers on medical insurance.Tapping full potentials of the medical insurance,the city achieved efficient synergy among healthcare,medical insurance and medication systems.This reform has trimmed out inflated drug pricing to some extent for rooms of maneuver of medical service pricing changes,thus curbing excessive growth of medical costs successfully.The authors proposed areas of further improvements including the relationship between achieving such objective as curbing medical expenditure,and advancement of technical/medical service capacity;that between integrative control of medical insurance expenditure and protection of people's health;the equilibrium of interests between medical insurance,healthcare and medication.All these will contribute to the goal of healthy patients flow and a hierarchical medical system.

Objective To assess the MR characterization of coronary microembolization (CME)in an animal model as well as the evolution using MR cardiac cine,first-pass perfusion,and delay enhancement imaging.Methods Coronary microembolization models were established through intracoronary infusion of 120 000 microspheres (42 μm)into the left anterior descending artery in 1 1 pigs. Coronary angiography was performed at baseline and immediately after the injection of microspheres.MR imaging was carried out at baseline,6 hours,and 1 week after microembolization.Then,postmortem evaluation was performed using NBT and HE staining.Re-sults Coronary angiography after the injection of microspheres showed normal-appearing epicardial arteries in all animals.Coronary microembolization caused a significant decline in systolic wall thickening of the microembolized myocardial segments on cine MR ima-ges [from (42.6±2.0)% at baseline to (20.3±2.3)% at 6 hours and (31.5±2.1)% at 1 week after CME;P < 0.001 for both]. First-pass perfusion deficit was visualized at 6 hours after microembolization,and was less pronounced at 1 week.Hyperenhanced myocardium was found on delay enhancement MRI at 6 hours after microembolization in microembolized segments,but was not shown at 1 week. The microinfarcts were detectable microscopically through HE staining but invisible for the naked eye on gross NBT specimen.Con-clusion Coronary microembolization may cause a persistent decline in myocardial contraction and its MR characterization may vary with different stages.A combined use of different cardiac MRI techniques and follow-up examinations may be helpful for evaluating myocardial impairment due to coronary microembolization.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of plate and xenogenic bony plate for the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after initial fixation with locked intramedullary nailing.

METHODSFrom February 2006 to June 2013, 21 cases with nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after initial fixation with locked intramedullary nailing were treated with femoral plate and contralateral xenogenic bony plate. There were 12 males and 9 females with an average age of 34.8 years old (ranging from 18 to 62 years). The time of nonunion was 9 to 18 months (averaged 12.8 months). The clinical outcomes of the treatment were evaluated by Merchan assessment.

RESULTSAll of the patients were primary healing, and on complications such as infection,fat embolism, internal fixation breaking or rotational deformity, shortening were occurred. All the cases were followed up for 13.2 months (ranging from 8 to 24 months). Nineteen cases were bone healed,the time of union averaged 6.2 months (ranging from 4 to 9 months). Two cases appeared delayed union and gained bony union after 7 to 13 months' observation. According to the criterion of Merchan,the results were excellent in 13 cases, good in 6 cases, poor in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after initial locked intramedullary fixation with plate and xenogenic bony plate has advantages of high curative rate and low complications, good postoperative function recovery, it is a reliable treatment to elevate the stability of fixation and promote the osteogenesis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To observe effects and mechanisms of insulin on reperfusion injury after cerebral ischemia.Methods Sixty-six male Wistar rats were used in this study.All rats were divided into 3 groups as treated group(A),control group(B) and random sham-operated group(C).Four-vessel occlusion was used to establish global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in study groups.The treated group were divided into 5 groups(A1-A5) and intraperineally injected with biosynthetic human insulin 2 IU/(kg?d) and 50%glucose 2 g/(kg?d) for 7 days,the blood glucose was monitored in preoperative and postoperative 3,6,12,24 h,and the blood glucose was maintained between 3.5-6.5 mmol/L.These animals of control group were given with saline 2 mL/(kg?d) for 7 days in abdominal cavity.All the rats were killed in the seventh day,brain homogenate was collected for detection of neuron specific enolase(NSE)and nitric oxide(NO).The hippocampus was separated for observation of electronic microscope.Results Concentration of NSE in brain tissue in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B,while the level in group A was higher than that of group B.Concentration of NO in group C was lower than that of group A and group B while the level of NO in group A was significantly lower than that of group B.Electron microscope showed that the ultrastructure of sham-operated group was nearly normal,damage degree of hippocampal neuron and gliacyte and capillary was gradually worse from group A1,A2 to A4,the damage degree of group B1,B2 and B4 was serious and there was no difference among them.Conclusion Insulin can really promote recovery of the cerebral injury after ischemia reperfusion.