No abstract available.
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperhidrosis*

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulin G* ; Influenza, Human*

No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal*

No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

There have been many reports regarding various operative methods for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. However, there have been no reports regarding the comparison between posterolateral fusion (PLF) with pedicle screw fixation (PSF) and anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with PSF. The purpose of the current study was to compare the clinical outcomes of PLF with PSF and ALIF with PSF, and to help in the selection of treatment options. Fifty-six patients with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis who underwent PLF with PSF (group 1, 35 patients) or who underwent ALIF with PSF (group 2, 21 patients) were studied. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Demographic variables and disease state were similar for the two groups. We studied operating time, amount of blood loss, duration of hospital stay, clinical outcomes, complications, time at which fusion was complete, fusion rate, and radiological measurements. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the amount of blood loss, duration of hospital stay, back pain, radiating pain, fusion rate, or complication rate. However, in group 2, the operation time and the time at which fusion became complete was longer, and in group 1 there was significant radiological reduction loss. In conclusion, PLF with PSF was just as effective as ALIF with PSF in terms of clinical outcomes, but ALIF with PSF was superior to PLF with PSF in terms of the prevention of reduction loss. Anterior support would be helpful for preventing reduction loss in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; *Bone Screws ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Postoperative Complications ; Spinal Fusion/*methods ; Spondylolisthesis/radiography/*surgery

OBJECTIVE: This study retrospectively analysed the influence of reduction to postoperative symptoms in 57 patients with low-grade degenerative or ishmic spondylolisthesis managed with posterolateral fusion delete. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical and radiological severity were assessed with Prolo's grade(economic and functional) and static and dynamic lateral radiographs(displacement and angulation). The postoperative questionnaire and the change of translation and angulation of static and dynamic lateral radiographs were used to judge the clinical and radiological success. All patients were treated with decompression and stabilization with instrumentation and autologous bone fusion, with or without reduction. The patients were followed clinically for a mean of 693.11 days (range, 6 to 18 months). RESULTS: There were 32 cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, and the remaining 25 cases were degenerative spondylolisthesis. The average Prolo's economic grade delete of 20 patients delete managed without reduction was not statistically different from that delete of 37 patients managed with reduction(4.20 vs. 4.24, p>0.01). Also, the average Prolo's functional grade delete of 20 patients managed without reduction was not statistically different from delete of 37 patients managed with reduction(4.05 vs. 3.97, p>0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that in situ stabilization using autologous posterolateral arthrodesis combined with pedicular screw fixation resulted a good outcome. The additional procedure of reduction, performed with decompression and instrumented posterolateral fusion, for the treatment of the patients with low-grade degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis does not appear to provide additional benefits on functional outcome.
Arthrodesis ; Decompression ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Spondylolisthesis*

PURPOSE: A change in gender assignment after 2 years of age is associated with severe psychological problems for the child and family. It is important that a definitive diagnosis be determined as quickly as possible. The treatment of ambiguous genitalia will be different by individual difference. We reviewed 16 cases of ambiguous genitalia patients with the object of encouraging early diagnosis and proper treatment individually. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 16 patients with ambiguous genitalia who were surgically managed at our department. Diagnostic workup included chromosomal analysis, blood and urine steroid measurement, hormonal study and radiologic study. The patients consisted of female pseudohermaphroditism in five cases, male pseudohermaphroditism in nine cases, true hermaphroditism and mixed gonadal dysgenesis in one case in each. The groups were analyzed according to karyotype, sex of rearing, age at diagnosis, age at operation, op procedure, post op complication and follow up. RESULTS: Five cases of female pseudohermaphroditism were raised as female in three cases and male in two cases, re-assigned and surgically corrected as four females and one male. Nine cases of male pseudohermaphroditism were raised as female in six cases and male in three cases, re-assigned and surgically corrected as three females and six males. One case of true hermaphroditism was surgically corrected as male. One case of mixed gonadal dysgenesis was surgically corrected as female and then given hormonal therapy. Four patients had sex conversion after 2 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Though early diagnosis and treatment are most important, most patients were diagnosed and treated after 2 years of age. A continuous effort should be made to educate parents and alert attending physicians so that early diagnosis and treatment of these patients could be made as soon as possible.
46, XX Disorders of Sex Development ; 46, XY Disorders of Sex Development ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Disorders of Sex Development* ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed ; Humans ; Individuality ; Karyotype ; Male ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies