Every system will face a lot of problems at the beginning of its change.In this article the author tries to analyze the inevitability and problems in changing three-year master program to two-year master program with the theory of system variance in new economics.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Objective To observe the effects of losartan and amlodipine on blood pressure,plasma levels of leptin,adiponectin and norepinephrine (NE) and insulin sensitivity in obese hypertensive patients.Methods The levels of plasma leptin and adiponectin were determined by RIA and the plasma NE level was assayed by high- performance liquid chromatography.Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was evaluated using the homeostasis model.Results Compared with basal levels,after 16-weeks' therapy,plasma leptin,HOMA-IR and body mass index were significantly decreased in losartan group [(35.6?18.5 vs 32.0?17.1)?g/L,P

Objective To construct Fisher discrminant functions with index of ultrasonography. Methods A total of 48 non-neoplastic ovarian cysts, 137 benign and 120 malignant ovarian tumors were enrolled in this study. Taking ultrasonographic parameters and Doppler blood flow signals as differential diagnosis variable, a diagnosis model was developed using stepwise discriminant analysis. Then a projection and territorial map were drew and the diagnostic ability of the model was verified with substitution method and jackknife. Results ①Univariate analysis indicated that ovarian cysts volume, end-diastolic blood flow velocity (V_(ED)), mean blood flow velocity (V_m), resistance index (RI), pulse index (PI), physical property, echo, shape, boundary, ascites and blood flow signal have statistical difference among the three kinds of ovarian cysts. ②Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that volume, resistance index, physical property, shape and boundary are the independent prognostic variables. The two Fisher discriminant functions were as following: Function 1=0.002volume-4.793 RI+0.468physical property+0.862shape+0.901boundary-4.076, Function 2=0.005volume-1.480 RI+0.851physical property-0.291shape+0.443boundary+0.524. ③The projective positions of three kinds of ovarian cysts at 2D coordinates were clear. ④The sensibility and specificity of mode for diagnosis non-neoplastic ovarian cysts, benign and malignant ovarian tumors was 91.67%, 88.32% and 93.33% with substitution method, and was 91.67%, 86.13% and 93.33% with jackknife method. Conclusion Cysts volume, RI, physical property, shape and boundary are the significant differential prognostic variables. Fisher discriminant analysis can provide a reliable prognostic model for ovarian cysts.

AIM: To investigate the change of corrected vision and stereo vision in anisometropic patients after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).METHODS: The clinical data of 84 cases of anisometropic children(84 eyes) were retrospective analyzed.The changes of corrected visual acuity and stereopsis of different gender,age,type of amblyopia in children anisometropic before treatment,after treatment for 3,6mo and 1a were analyzed.The stereoscopic vision correction correlation were analyzed.RESULTS: Corrected Log MAR visual acuity and stereopsis of 84 patients after LASIK surgery treatment for 3mo,and 1a later significantly decreased than before treatment (P<0.05).The corrected Log MAR visual acuity and stereopsis of male and female after treatment for 3,6mo and 1a was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Corrected visual acuity of age <30 group for 3,6mo and 1a was significantly lower than the age ≥30 group (P<0.05).After 3,6mo and 1a stereo vision with hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia decreased more than that with myopic anisometropia amblyopia(P<0.05),but corrected Log MAR visual acuity after treatment was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).Improved correctted vision of anisometropic patients after LASIK surgery had no connection with the decrease of stereo vision(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: LASIK surgery can improve visual acuity in patients with anisometropia amblyopia,but the course of treatment of visual acuity and stereopsis affected by age and type of amblyopia.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the application of 18fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to the staging and predicting outcome in patients with lymphoma.Methods 41 patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma(median age 57 years)were explored with FDG-PET prior to and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy.With a median follow-up of 30 months (range 10-68 months),the value of FDG-PET to staging and predicting clinical outcome was assessed. Results The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of nodal and extranodal lesions was 9.7±6.9 and 8.4±6.8 respectively prior to treatment.There were significant difference (P＜0.05) in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,no significant difference(P＞0.05)in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma(HL), B-cell neoplasms and T-cell neoplasms,germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL and activated B-cell-like DLBCL. In 41 patients, 22 patients (54 ％)were detected extranodal focus by FDG-PET before chemotherapy. FDG-PET imaging upstaged in 6(15％)of initial lymphoma patients.There were 15 patients (37 ％) in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ and 26 patients(63 ％)in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ by FDC-PET scan.1 patient (7 ％) in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ,6 patient (23 ％) in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ died of disease progression during follow-up.After 4 cycles of chemotherapy,the FDG-PET was negative in 41％(17/41),positive in 59 ％(24/41) respectively.1 patient(6 ％)died of disease relapse among 17 patients who were FDG-PET negative, 6 patient (25 ％)died of disease progression among 24 patients who were FDG-PET positive during follow-up. Conclusion FDG-PET scanning plays an important role in the pretreatment staging and prediction of the prognosis after 4 cycles of chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma.Thus it may offer the potential for change in treatment paradigms.

ObjectiveTo explore the cytogenetic characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) patients,to evaluate the effect of a long-term culture stimulated by cytokines on cytogenetic study of MM,and to investigate the clinical detection value of RB1 and P53 deletion in interphase plasma cells by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).MethodsKaryotype analysis was performed in 81 MM patients by using the short-term culture of bone marrow cell and G-banding technique.Among the 81 MM patients,28 patients used two culture methods:one was the short-term culture and the other was to culture cells for 6 days with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (40 μg/L) and IL-6 (10 μg/L).RB1 and P53 deletion were detected on interphase plasma cells by using FISH in 31 patients.ResultsAmong the 81 patients,75 had enough metaphases for analysis.Among the 75 patients,31 (41.3％)had clonal karyotypic abnormalities including 4 numeric abnormalities,11structural abnormalities and 16 both abnormalities.Among the 28 patients using two culture methods,the clonal karyotypic abnormalities were detected in 6 patients(25.0％ ) in the group of cultured for 24 hours,and 14 patients (51.9％) in 6-day culture group with a significant difference (P =0.026).RB1 deletion and P53 deletion were detected in 10 patients (32.3％ ) and 11 patients(35.5％ ),respectively,with both RB1 and P53 deletions be detected in 5 patients ( 16.1％ ).ConclusionsMore than half of the tested MM patients have both numeric and structural chromosome abnormalities.The karyotype analysis using banding technique is basic cytogenetic study.Extended culture in the presence of IL-6 and GM-CSF could improve the efficiency of cytogenetic analysis to MM.Interphase FISH is a sensitive method of clinical application significance to detect the gene deletion of MM.

AIM: To develop a HPLC method to determine emodin and chrysophanol in Shierwei Chiyinkang Powder (Gypsumseu Calcitum, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Herba Asari, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, Radix Gentianae, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, etc.). METHODS: The sample was made referring to China Pharmacopoeia(2000) and determined by HPLC. The separation was performed on a Shim pack CIC ODS column (150mm?5mm, 4.5?m) with a mobile phase of methanol 0.1% H 3PO 4 solution (40∶9). The flow rate was 1.3mL?min -1 and the detective wavelength was set at 254nm. RESULTS: The emodin and chrysophanol in sample were separated. The square linear ranges were 0.52～5.28?m?mL -1 ( r =0.9999) and 0.96～9.60?m?mL -1 ( r=0.9999 ), respectively, and the average recoveries were 98.62% and 98.57% for emodin and chrysophanol, respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is sensitive and accurate for the determination of emodin and chrysophanol in the sample.