No abstract available.
Hematoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Epithelial Cells* ; Salmonella typhimurium* ; Salmonella*

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Glycoproteins* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ischemia* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Reperfusion*

The thirteen DRB1, 6 DQA1, and 5 DQB1 alleles were defined in 362 healthy Korean controls using reverse dot blot hybridization method. The twenty-four immobilized SSOs for DRB1, 8 for DQA1, and 6 for DQB1 were used for this study. The frequencies of genotypes were DRB104 (17.1'Yo), '09 (13.1%), and '13 (11.6%); DQA1'01 (46.7%), 03 (30.8%), and '05 (11.7%); DQB1*03 (39.5%), '06 '(29.8%), and 05 (16.0%). ...continue...
Alleles* ; Genotype ; Haplotypes* ; HLA-DRB1 Chains

PURPOSE: To report a patient with multiple subretinal and intraretinal hemorrhages in the absence of retinal/choroidal lesions, diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE). CASE SUMMARY: We describe the case of a 44-year-old male with an acute decrease of vision in his right eye. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed multiple subretinal and intraretinal hemorrhages, but no choroidal or other retinal lesions. A systemic examination revealed a pansystolic murmur and blood cultures with echocardiography were suggestive of IE. CONCLUSIONS: Thorough systemic evaluations are important when patients present with subretinal and intraretinal hemorrhages in the absence of other retinal/choroidal lesions.
Adult ; Choroid ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites which cause infection by invading and replicating within cells. The immune system has mechanisms which can attack the virus in extracellular and intracellular phase of life cycle, and which involve both non-specific and specific effectors. The survival of viruses depends on the survival of their hosts, and therefore the immune system and viruses have evolved together. Immune responses to viral infection may be variable depending on the site of infection, the mechanism of cell-to-cell spread of virus, physiology of the host, host genetic variation, and environmental condition. Viral infection of cells directly stimulates the production of interferons and they induce antiviral state in the surrounding cells. Complement system is also involved in the elimination of viruses and establishes the first line of defence with other non-specific immunity. During the course of viral infection, antibody is most effective at an early stage, especially before the virus enters its target cells. The virus- specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the principal effector cells in clearing established viral infections. But many viruses have resistant mechanism to host immune responses in every step of viral infection to cells. Some viruses have immune evasion mechanism and establish latency or persistency indefinitely. Furthermore antibodies to some viruses can enhance the disease by the second infection. Immune responses to viral infection are very different from those to bacterial infection.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibody-Dependent Enhancement ; Bacterial Infections ; Complement System Proteins ; Genetic Variation ; Immune Evasion ; Immune System ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interferons ; Life Cycle Stages ; Parasites ; Physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

Geotrichum(G.) candidum is a common fungus that is rarely pathogenic for man, first described by Link in 1809, and according to Dodge this fungus is classified as a subspecies of Eremnascaeae imperfectae. This species is largely saprophytic and is usually found in soil, decaying matters, and milk product, although isolation from skin, sputum, and feces of man is not unusual. Geotrichosis, caused by G. candidum may occur as an infection of the lung simulating chronic pulmonary tuberculosis or disseminated infection. Very rarely, skin and mucous membrane infection has been documented. These infections usually affect immunocompromised hosts. Literature concerning skin or soft tissue infection with this fungus is limited, especially in immunocompetent persons there are only a few reports by this organism. In this paper we report a case of cutaneous geotrichosis involving skin in a healthy woman, in which case steroid and trauma was supposed to play some roles in the pathogenesis.
Feces ; Female ; Fungi ; Geotrichosis ; Geotrichum* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Lung ; Milk ; Mucous Membrane ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Soil ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) isolated from Korean patients is different in the antigenic and genomic structure of gB from the laboratory-adapted strain. To dissect the reactivity to HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) domains, each domain gene of gB of HCMV SNUCH1, Korean isolate, was amplified from the extracted DNA of the virus-infected fibroblasts with the specific primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified DNA was cloned into pcDNA3. Immunofluorescent staining and western blot analysis revealed that the expressed gB in mammalian cells was immunoreactive and equivalent to the naturally expressed gB in virus-infected fibroblasts. The antigenic component reactive with monoclonal antibodies, MCMVA 57, 88, and 98 appeared at the D3 domain of gB molecule, and that with MCMVA 66 and 135 at the D2b domain. Antibody titer was measured with HCMV-infected fibroblasts and the domains of gB expressed in mammalian cells. There was no correlation between the antibody titer to the whole HCMV and neutralizing antibody titer, and between the antibody titer to whole HCMV and whole gB. It was more reasonable to use whole gB than whole HCMV in the comparison with the neutralizing antibody titer. D3 was representative domain in gB molecule in the anti-gB reactivity. Conclusively it is highly recommendable to use the representing isolates in Korea and its domains for the detection of antibody or the analysis of antigen in the aspect of immunological properties and molecular structures.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Neutralizing* ; Blotting, Western ; Clone Cells ; Cytomegalovirus* ; DNA ; Epitopes* ; Fibroblasts ; Glycoproteins ; Humans* ; Korea* ; Molecular Structure ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

No abstract available.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Lipoproteins* ; Plasma*