Objective To observe the effect of healthy education on BMD and the risk of bone fracture in pa- tients with primary osteoporosis.Methods 628 patients with primary osteoporosis were randomly divided into two groups under the same conditions,and healthy education were conducted in treated group but were not conducted in control group.Two years later,BMD and the rates of bone fractures were collected and analysed.Results Compared with control groups,the bone loss was significantly lower at the feroral neck,Ward's triangle and the great trochanter,and the risk of bone fractures was remarkably reduced in treated group(P

Objective To investigate the value of human epididymis secretory protein 4 ( HE4 ) combined with CA125 assay in differential diagnosis of endometriosis cyst and ovarian malignant tumor.Methods The level of HE4 and CA125 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serum specimens of 46 cases in endometriosis cyst group,36 cases in malignant ovarian tumor group,60 cases in benign ovarian diseases and 50 women in healthy women group.Those results were shown with median level.The normal range were 0-150 pmol/L in HE4 and 0-35 kU/L,which either one was more than the threshold value defined as positive index.The sensitivity of assay was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,the relation and value of HE4 or CA125 alone and combination assay in diagnosis of endometriosis was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and correlation analysis.Results (1) HE4:the median levels of HE4 were 52.4,51.0,50.0 pmol/L in group of endometriosis,normal control and benign ovarian tumor,which didn't show statistical difference.However,HE4 was 507.5 pmol/L inovarian cancer group,which was significantly higher than those of 3 groups (P < 0.05 ).(2 ) CA125:there were significant different in median level of CA125 was observed as 743.0 kU/L in ovarian cancer,84.9 kU/L in endoemtriosis,15.4 kU/L in benign ovarian disease,and 11.5 kU/L in healthy women (P < 0.05).( 3 ) The single assay:when compared with that in endometriosis group,receiver operating characteristic area under the curve( ROC-AUC) were 0.933 in HE4 alone and 0.821 in CA125 alone assay in ovarian cancer group.The specificity was 95% and the sensitivity was 79.6% and 49.0%.(4) The combination assay:when compared with those in endometriosis group,the ROC-AUC was 0.936,the specificity was 95% and the sensitivity was 81.0% in ovarian cancer.Conclusions Measurement of HE4 could be used in differential diagnosis of endometriosis cyst.And the combination of HE4 and CA125 assay could discriminate ovarian endometriosis cysts from ovarian malignant tumors effectively.

Objective To determine chromosomal localization of the primary gout susceptibility gene in a pedigree.Methods The clinical data and the peripheral blood samples were collected in the pedigree members and the genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood.A genome-wide screening was performed using 400 micro-satellite DNA markers in this family,and linkage analysis was used to determine the chromosomal location of the primary gout susceptibility gene.Results Linkage analysis showed that the maximum LOD score reached 1.50 at marker D4S1572 (at recombination fraction?=0.00).Conclusion Since D4S1572 is localized at 4q25,the primary gout susceptibility gene of this pedigree is localized at 4q25.

Objective To observe effects and mechanisms of insulin on reperfusion injury after cerebral ischemia.Methods Sixty-six male Wistar rats were used in this study.All rats were divided into 3 groups as treated group(A),control group(B) and random sham-operated group(C).Four-vessel occlusion was used to establish global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in study groups.The treated group were divided into 5 groups(A1-A5) and intraperineally injected with biosynthetic human insulin 2 IU/(kg?d) and 50%glucose 2 g/(kg?d) for 7 days,the blood glucose was monitored in preoperative and postoperative 3,6,12,24 h,and the blood glucose was maintained between 3.5-6.5 mmol/L.These animals of control group were given with saline 2 mL/(kg?d) for 7 days in abdominal cavity.All the rats were killed in the seventh day,brain homogenate was collected for detection of neuron specific enolase(NSE)and nitric oxide(NO).The hippocampus was separated for observation of electronic microscope.Results Concentration of NSE in brain tissue in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B,while the level in group A was higher than that of group B.Concentration of NO in group C was lower than that of group A and group B while the level of NO in group A was significantly lower than that of group B.Electron microscope showed that the ultrastructure of sham-operated group was nearly normal,damage degree of hippocampal neuron and gliacyte and capillary was gradually worse from group A1,A2 to A4,the damage degree of group B1,B2 and B4 was serious and there was no difference among them.Conclusion Insulin can really promote recovery of the cerebral injury after ischemia reperfusion.

On account of the dense cuticles of the fresh stem and the light, hard and pliable texture of the dried stem, Dendrobii Caulis is difficult to dry or pulverize. So, it is very important to the ancient doctors that Dendrobii Caulis should be properly treated and applied to keep or evoke its medicinal effects. The current textual research results about the preliminary processing, processing and usage methods of Dendrobii Caulis showed that: (1) In history the clinical use of fresh or processed Dendrobii Caulis as teas and tinctures were very common. (2) Its roots and rhizomes would be removed before using. (3) Some ancillary approaches were applied to shorten drying times, such as rinsing with boiling mulberry-ash soup, washing or soaking with liquor, mixing with rice pulp and then basking, etc. (4) According to the ancients knowledge, the sufficient pulverization, by means of slicing, rasping, hitting or pestling techniques, was necessary for Dendrobii Caulis to take its effects. (5) The heat processing methods for Dendrobii Caulis included stir-baking, stir-frying, steaming, decocting and stewing techniques, usually with liquor as an auxiliary material. Among above mentioned, steaming by pretreating with liquor was most commonly used, and this scheme was colorfully drawn in Bu Yi Lei Gong Pao Zhi Bian Lan (Ming Dynasty, 1591 CE) ; moreover, decocting in advance or long-time simmering so as to prepare paste products were recommended in the Qing Dynasty. (6) Some different processing programs involving stir-baking with grit, air-tightly baking with ondol (Kangs), fumigating with sulfur, which appeared in modern times and brought attractive outward appearance of the drug, went against ancients original intentions of ensuring drug efficacy.
Dendrobium ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; history

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sub-acute oral effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on the oxidation/antioxidation biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in blood, liver, intestine, and colon in rats. METHODS: Twenty four 4-week-old clean-grade Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly devided into 4 groups by body weight (n=6, control, low, middle, and high), in which the rats were orally exposed to TiO₂ nanoparticles at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 consecutive days separately. Food intake, body weight and abnormal behaviors during the experiment were recorded. The rats were euthanized on the 29th day. The blood was collected via abdominal aortic method and centrifuged to collect the serum. Tissues from liver, intestine and colon were collected and homogenated. Then enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microwell plate methods were used to detect oxidation/antioxidation biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total mercapto (T-SH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), malomdialdehvde (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the serum, liver, intestine and colon in the rats. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, no significant differences in body weight, food intake and organ coefficients were observed in all the three groups after TiO₂ gavage. No significant changes in GSH, GSH-Px, T-SH, and IL-6 were observed. Compared with the control group, significant increase of SOD activity in serum in high dose group, signi-ficant increase of GSSG concentration in intestine in middle and high dose group and significant increase of MDA concentration in liver in low and high dose group were observed. Compared with the control group, a significant increase of TNF-α in liver in middle and high dose group was observed. CONCLUSION TiO₂ nanoparticle can increase antioxidant enzymes activities in blood, increase oxidative biomarkers in liver and intestine, increase inflammatory cytokines in liver in rats after a 28-day sub-acute orally administration. Among blood, liver, intestine, and colon, liver is most sensitive to the toxicity induced by TiO₂ nanoparticles, followed by intestine, blood, and colon in sequence.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Nanoparticles ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and transabdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors.

METHODSClinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThe distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2.1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with neoplasia and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 cases at stage pTNM I, 5 at IIA, 1 at IIB, 4 at IIIA, 1 at III and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.

Adult ; Aged ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mesentery ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDSerum sodium predicts prognosis in chronic severe hepatitis B and may improve the prognostic accuracy of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, but the available information is limited. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical use of the serum sodium incorporated MELD (MELD-Na) and assess its validity by the concordance (c)-statistics in predicting the prognosis of the patient with chronic severe hepatitis B.

METHODSA total of 426 adult patients with a diagnosis of chronic severe hepatitis B between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2007 at a single center were studied. The scores of serum sodium, MELD, MELD-Na, and DeltaMELD-Na (DeltaMELD-Na = MELD-Na at 14 days after medical treatment -MELD-Na score on admission) of the patients with chronic severe hepatitis B were calculated. The 3-month mortality in the patients was measured, and the validity of the models was determined by means of the concordance (c) statistics.

RESULTSThe average MELD, MELD-Na scores of survival group were 25.70 +/- 5.08 and 26.60 +/- 6.90, and those of dead group were 35.60 +/- 6.78 and 42.80 +/- 9.57 on admission. There was a significant difference in MELD and MELD-Na between the survival and dead groups (P < 0.01). The average DeltaMELD-Na score of the survival group was -0.97 +/- 3.51, and that of the dead group was 3.45 +/- 2.38 at 2 weeks after the treatment. There was a significant difference in DeltaMELD-Na between the survival and dead groups (P < 0.01). The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves of Na, MELD and MELD-Na for the occurrence of death in 3 months were 0.742, 0.875 and 0.922. The 3-month mortality of the MELD-Na scores group < 25, 25-30, 31-34, 35-40 and > 40 were 2.0%, 5.4%, 35.4%, 53.8 % and 86.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the 3-month mortality between the five groups (P < 0.05). The 3-month mortality of the DeltaMELD-Na > 0 group was 65.9%, and that of the DeltaMELD-Na = 0 group was 15.8%; there was a significant difference in the 3-month mortality between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMELD-Na score is a valid model to predict the 3-month mortality in patients with chronic severe hepatitis B. DeltaMELD-Na is a clinically useful parameter for predicting the therapeutic effect of chronic severe hepatitis B.

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; mortality ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; mortality ; Liver Failure ; mortality ; Male ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sodium ; blood

Objective To determine the prevalences and risk factors of hyperuricemia(HUA)and gout among residents aged≥20 years in Shandong coastal areas.Methods A random stratified cluster sampling was conducted,and 5003 inhabitants were investigated for prevalences of HUA and gout in Qingdao,Yantai,Weihai, Rizhao and Dongying.Results (1)The prevalence of HUA was 13.19%,after standardization according to the Shandong population in 2000,standardized rate was 13.27%,in which the prevalence in males was 18.32% and females 8.56%.The prevalence of gout was 1.14% and the standardized rate was 1.10%,in which the prevalence in males was 1.94% and females 0.42%;(2)Serum uric acid was(343.4?84.5)?mol/L in normal males and (258.9?70.9)?mol/L in normal females.Serum uric acid was(469.4?48.1)?mol/L in males with HUA and (399.7?104.9)?mol/L in females with HUA.In gout group,serum uric acid in males and females was respectively(502.4?106.8)?mol/L and(403.5?52.7)?mol/L;(3)The prevalence of gout in patients with HUA was 8.64%;(4)Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that frequency and quantity of alcohol intake were independent risk factors for males in the HUA group,while HDL-C and farming were protective factors. As for females,age and hypertension were independent risk factors of HUA.Similarly,HDL-C was a protective factor;(5)In HUA patients,65% had hypertension,53% hyperlipidemia,30% glucose metabolic disorder,48% overweight and 10% obesity.In gout patients,57% had hypertension,61% hyperlipidemia,20% glucose metabolic disorder,56% overweight and 7% obesity.Conclusion The prevalences of HUA and gout are significantly increased in Shandong coastal areas in recent years.Restricting the intake of sea foods rich in purine such as seashell,reducing the intake of alcohol especially beer,reducing body weight and abdominal obesity, correcting lipid metabolic disorder and controlling hypertension are important measures in preventing and treating hyperuricemia and gout.

OBJECTIVETo obtain the monoclonal antibody against hexon protein of human adenovirus.

METHODSBALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant hexon protein, and the spleen cells of the mice were isolated and fused with myloma cells. Four hybridoma cell strains were screened by indirect ELISA and cultured, and the sensitivity, specificity and virus neutralizing activity were analyzed with ELISA, Western blotting and neutralizing test.

RESULTSThe mouse ascites produced by these hybridoma cells contained specific monoclonal antibodies against hexon protein of human adenovirus as identified by ELISA and Western blot, and the antibody generated by 4C6 strain showed human adenovirus type 3-neutralizing activity.

CONCLUSIONThe monoclonal antibodies against hexon protein with high specificity have been successfully obtained, and these antibodies can be useful in developing assays for early diagnosis of HAdV3 infection and also in study of therapeutic drugs of the infection.

Adenoviruses, Human ; chemistry ; immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Antibodies, Viral ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Blotting, Western ; Capsid Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology