The inheritance of famous old traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors plays an essential role in the fields of TCM research. Qualitative interviews allow for subjectivity and individuality within clinical experience as well as academic ideas of doctors, making it a potential appropriate research method for inheritance of famous old TCM doctors. We summarized current situations of inheritance research on famous old TCM doctors, and then discussed the feasibility of applying qualitative interviews in inheritance of famous old TCM doctors. By combining our experience in research on inheritance of famous old TCM doctors, we gave some advice on study design, interview implementation, data transcription and analyses , and report writing, providing a reference for further relevant research.
Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Physicians ; Research Design ; Writing

Coronary Artery Disease ; pathology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Interferon-tau (IFN-tau) is a newly discovered IFN of type I. It was originally found for its role as a pregnancy recognition hormone in ruminant animals such as sheep and cows. Like the other type I IFNs, IFN-tau have the same biological activities including antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects. In order to clearly identify the function of IFN-tau, the coding sequence of IFN-tau was amplified by PCR from IFN-tau cDNA, this fragment digested by EcoR I and BamH I and was inserted into pBV220 to form the recombinant plasmid pBV220/IFN-tau which was then transformed into E.coli BL21. It was found that pBV220/IFN-tau was highly expressed as inclusion body in BL21. Next, the expressed protein was purified on S-100 High Resolution and the purified product was confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis. Moreover, the standard antiviral activity test indicated that the activity of IFN-tau was about 2.09?106IU/ml.

Ginkgo is one of the most successful cases of botanical drugs developed by modern science and technology during the past fifty years all over the world. At present ginkgo has been applied to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease widely, and has good clinical efficacy. Type 2 diabetes has been proved to be the risk equivalents of cardiovascular disease, therefore it has an important scientific significance for looking for more effective drugs of prevention and control of diabetes. To seek more efficient and safe drug from the plant medicine which has the function of regulate blood sugar and improve insulin resistance becomes a hotspot at home and abroad. Basic and clinical studies have shown the ginkgo preparations of Chinese medicine have certain regulation effect on blood sugar and insulin resistance. In this paper, we review the mechanisms and clinical applications of ginkgo preparations on diabetes and its applications during the past 10 years.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage

Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hodgkin Disease ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; pathology

The diagnostic criteria of blood stasis syndrome (BBS) established by the Specialty Committee of Activating Blood Circulation and Removing Stasis, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine 1986 has been widely used in clinical practice of Chinese medicine. But coronary heart disease (CHD) of BBS has its own features. By using clinical epidemiological methods, establishing the diagnostic criteria for CHD patients of BBS is of great significance in furthering its studies, exerting the advantages of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating CHD, and elevating the clinical efficacy.
Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards

Overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) on tumor cell surface is essential for invasion and metastasis in a variety of tumor cells. To establish a retroviral-mediated antisense RNA transfer system of uPAR gene for exploring its function on down-regulation of uPAR expression in leukemia cells, the retroviral vector LaCD87SN was constructed by inserting uPAR gene into LXSN vector in an antisense orientation. An uPAR gene antisense RNA transfer system was established by liposome-mediated transfection in combination with cross infection with retrovirus. Human leukemia cells U937 were transduced with aCD87 amphotropic retrovirus, expressing uPAR antisense RNA, and the U937/aCD87 cells was obtained by G418 selection. The integration and expression of antisense uPAR gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The cell surface expression of CD87 and the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) were assayed by flow cytometry (FCM) and gelatin zymography, respectively. The results showed that the amphotropic retroviral producers Am12/aCD87, which expressed antisense RNA of uPAR gene with a titer of 6.3 x 10(5) cfu/ml in supernatants, were obtained by means of transfection and superinfection. U937/aCD87 cells were established by continuative G418 selection after retrovirus infection. In U937/aCD87 cells, the integrated provirus and the overexpression of antisense uPAR gene was confirmed. Compared with U937/NeoR cells, FCM analysis revealed that CD87 expression on U937/aCD87 cell surface was not downregulated significantly. However, MMP-9 secretion was significantly suppressed in U937/aCD87 cells. In conclusion, although the retroviral-mediated antisense RNA transfer could not efficiently suppress uPAR expression on leukemic cell surface, it may interfere the uPAR-MMP interactions.
Flow Cytometry ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; therapy ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; RNA, Antisense ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; analysis ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; Retroviridae ; genetics ; U937 Cells

Atherosclerosis has been thought to be a disease of modern society, and its occurrence was closely related to contemporary diet and lifestyle. However, a series of investigations on ancient mummies by autopsy and CT scan concluded that atherosclerosis was commonly seen in ancient times. The presence of atherosclerosis in ancient human beings suggested that aging and genetic predisposition might be essential risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis ; history ; History, Ancient ; Humans

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a central mediator of angiogenesis, not only plays an important role in the pathogenesis of leukemia, but also is an independent prognostic factor in patients with hematologic malignancies, like those in solid tumors. However, the importance of VEGF during differentiation or apoptosis of leukemia cells remains to be elucidated. In order to assess the alternation of VEGF gene expression in the process of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation of NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, and a competitor DNA fragment, VEGF gene competative template (T-VEGFDelta) was constructed by using gene recombinant technologies, and a competitive quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (cQRT-PCR) method was developed. A standard curve was obtained by co-amplification of serial dilutions of the target nulecules with constant amount of competitive template and this curve was used to detect molecular number of target gene in measuring sample. The surface expression of CD11b antigen and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction rate of NB4 cells were also assayed at different time points. The results showed that cQRT-PCR was a sensitive, reliable tool for analysis of VEGF gene expression with a detectable range from 1 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(5) molecules. The number of VEGF gene transcripts detected by means of cQRT-PCR assay was 42.3 x 10(5), 12.6 x 10(5), 3.6 x 10(5), and less than 1.0 x 10(5)/microg total RNA at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours after ATRA treatment, respectively. This rapid down-regulation of VEGF gene expression, during ATRA-induced NB4 cell differentiation, was accompanied by the up-regulation of CD11b expression and an increased NBT reduction rate. In conclusion, cQRT-PCR method was successtully constructed, confirming that ATRA efficiently repressed VEGF, at the same time, the ATRA might exert an antileukemic effect, other than induction of differentiation via inhibition of angiogenesis.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; CD11b Antigen ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early operative treatment and clinical results of pelvic fractures associated with urethra disruption.

METHODSFrom January 1995 to January 2005, 25 patients suffered from pelvic fractures combined urethra disruption treated by operation were retrospectively analyzed. According to Tile's classification, 1 case was stable pelvic fracture, 17 rotational unstable fractures, and 7 rotational combined vertical unstable fractures. The complete urethra rupture were in 23 cases and incomplete in 2 cases. The operative methods included: (1) emergency open reduction and internal fixation of the pelvis combined primary urethra suturing in 2 cases, partial suturing after realignment in 4 cases, realignment in 2 cases, and urethrovaginal penetrating wound repairing in 1 case; (2) primary urethra realignment only and delayed (range, 7 to 21 days) pelvic internal fixation in 10 cases; (3) early cystostomy and delayed (range, 3 to 21 days) urethra realignment and pelvic internal fixation in 6 cases.

RESULTSThe mean follow-up time of all patients was 34 months (range from 6 to 120 months). According to Majeed's evaluation, 17 cases of pelvic injury showed excellent results, 5 good, and 3 fare. After urinary catheter removed, the mean maximal urine flow rate of 19 (76%) patients was 18.6 ml/s and the mean scar length between both disrupted ends on the film of excretion urethrography was 0.51 cm. Five (20%) cases suffered in dysuria needed urethral dilatation or further surgery. One (4%) female could not control urination who need a second-look operation. The primary suprapubic soft tissue avulsion wound infection secondary to retropubic abscess was found in 1 case, posterior urethra-stenosis in 5 cases, sexual impotence in 3 cases, and incontinence in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSThe satisfactory reduction and effective fixation of the pelvic fractures is an anatomical basis for receiving "tension-free urethral anastomosis".

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethra ; injuries