Objective: To observe the protective effect of ischemic post-conditioning on myocardial reperfusion injury with the potential mechanism in experimental rabbits. Methods: A total of 36 healthy New Zealand rabbits were divided into 6 groups:①Sham group,②Ischemic reperfusion control (CON) group,③Myocardial ischemic post-conditioning (MpostC) group,④Remote ischemic post-conditioning (RPostC) group,⑤MPostC+5-HD group,⑥RPostC+5-HD group.n=6 in each group. The ischemic reperfusion injury model was established by left ventricular descending artery occlusion for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Bilateral external iliac artery was occluded for 5 min to induce the short skeletal muscle ischemia. The indexes of cardiac function and plasma CK , LDH activities were measured at baseline, end of ischemia and 1, 2 h after reperfusion respectively, the sizes of myocardial infarction (MI) were examined and compared among different groups. Results: ①Compared with CON group, the indexes of cardiac function were improved in MPostC and RPostC groups at 1, 2 h after reperfusion,P<0.05, and compared with MPostC group and RPostC group, the indexes of cardiac function were improved in MPostC+5-HD and RPostC+5-HD groups,P<0.05.②Compared with CON group, plasma CK, LDH activities were decreased in MPostC and RPostC groups at 2 h after reperfusion,P<0.05, and compared with MPostC group and RPostC group, the CK, LDH activities were increased in MPostC+5-HD and RPostC+5-HD groups,P<0.05.③The ischemic ranges and areas were similar between CON group and the other 5 groupsP>0.05. The MI ranges and areas in MPostC and RPostC groups were much less than that in CON group,P<0.05, and compared with MPostC group and RPostC group, the MI ranges and areas increased in MPostC+5-HD and RPostC+5-HD groups,P<0.05. The MI ranges and areas were similar between CON group and MPostC+5-HD, RPostC+5-HD groups,P>0.05. Conclusion: Classical ischemic post-conditioning and remote organ ischemic post-conditioning both have protective effect on myocardial reperfusion injury in experimental rabbit, which might be related to the activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Objective To investigate the prognostic effect of quantity of lymph node(LN)resected in operations of patients with stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The clinical, pathological and follow-up data of 74 patients with stage Ⅰ NSCLC who were treated with surgery from January 1998 to December 2002 Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University were reviewed retrospectively.Grouping the patients, according to the quantity of lymph node resected, the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of factors with prognostic effect.Results The five year survival rate and disease-free survival(DFS)rate of these 74 patients were 64.9% and 47.3%.The univariate analysis showed that tumor size(P =0.016),T-staging (P =0.008)and extent of lymph node dissection(P =0.013)could influence the survival rate.The 5-year OS and DFS rates of patients with less than 6 LNs resected were less than the other group(more than 6 LNs)apparently.The multifactorial analysis indicated that other than staging, the quantity of lymph node resected was also an influence factor of prognosis.Conclusions The OS rate of patients has positive correlation with quantity of lymph node resected in operations.Six LNs must be resected leastways in operations of patients with stage Ⅰ NSCLC.

Objective: To investigate the preventive effect of alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) combining hydration therapy on contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in elder patients. Methods: A total of 175 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) elder than 75 years received PCI in our hospital from 2011-03 to 2014-03 were retrospectively studied, those including 122/175 (69.71 %) with male gender. The patients were at the mean age of (74.7 ± 3.9) years and randomly allocated into 2 groups: Control group, based on routine treatment, the patients received regular hydration of intravenous normal saline 1 ml/(kg?h) at 6 hours prior and 12 hours after PCI,n=84 and Alprostadil+hydration group, based on routine treatment and regular hydration, the patients received intravenous alprostadil 10μg in 100ml normal saline twice a day at 1 day prior PCI and the 3rd day after PCI,n=91. The serum levels of creatinine (SCr) were examined prior PCI and 3 days continuously after PCI, creatinine clearance rates (Ccr) were calculated and the CIN occurrence rates were compared between 2 groups. Results: At the 3rd day after PCI, the mean SCr level in Alprostadil+hydration group (92.08 ± 21.65) μmol/L was lower than Control group (99.43 ± 22.77) μmol/L,P<0.05, the mean Ccr level in Alprostadil+hydration group (63.78 ± 20.58) ml/min was higher than Control group (57.09 ± 22.31) ml/min,P<0.05. The occurrence rate of CIN after PCI was higher in Control group (13.1%, 11/84 patients) than Alprostadil+hydration group (3.3%, 3/91 patients),P<0.05. Conclusion: Alprostadil combining hydration therapy may obviously protect renal function and reduce the incidence rate of CIN in elder CAD patients after PCI treatment.

Objective To investigate the correlation between vertebral artery dominance (VAD) and posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS).Methods The consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized from November 2013 to October 2015 were collected.All patients underwent MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).The dominant vertebral artery was defined as having the larger diameter if left and right diameter difference ≥0.3 mm or the vertebral artery connected to the basilar artery in a more straight fashion if the diameter difference ＜ 0.3 mm.They were divided into either an anterior circulation ischemia stroke (ACIS) group or a PCIS group according to the classification criteria of Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP).A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between VAD and PCIS.Results A total of 226 patients withacute ischemic stroke were enrolled,including 172 patients (76.1％) in the ACIS group and 54 (23.9％) in the PCIS group.Fifty-four patients (23.9％) had VAD,including 38 (70.3％) on the left and 16 (29.7％) on the right.The proportion of the patients with VAD in the PCIS group was significantly higher than that in the ACIS group (55.6％ vs.14.0％;x2 =39.115,P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that VAD was an independent risk factor for patients occurring PCIS (odds ratio,13.60,95％ confidence interval 6.90-27.01;P＜0.001).Conclusions VAD is closely associated with the occurrence of PCIS,and it is an independent risk factor for PCIS.

The inter-species differences of estradiol metabolism were investigated in human, Beagle dog and rat liver microsomes by comparing enzyme kinetics of parent drug and the formation of its major metabolites. The incubation systems of estradiol with liver microsomes of the three species were optimized in terms of estradiol concentration, microsomal protein content and incubation time. The concentrations of estradiol and its metabolites were measured by LC-MS/MS method. The t1/2, CLint, CLh, Km and Vmax of estradiol incubated with male human liver microsomes were 40.02 +/- 8.32 min, 41.39 +/- 6.57 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 13.81 +/- 12.36 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 26.8 +/- 6.99 micromol x L(-1) and 0.75 +/- 0.92 micromol x L(-1) x min(-1), respectively. The corresponding parameters of female human were 44.71 +/- 10.21 min, 29.85 +/- 8.97 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 0.01 +/- 0.68 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 44.2 +/- 7.73 micromol x L(-1) and 1.27 +/- 4.41 micromol x L(-1) x min(-1), that of male dog were 21 +/- 7.33 min, 165.53 +/- 29.33 mL x min(-1) xkg(-1), 26.01 +/- 8.39 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 19.5 +/- 7.34 micromol x L(-1) and 1.6 +/- 0.65 micromol x L(-1) x min(-1), that of female dog were 25.5 +/- 5.32 min, 135.11 +/- 42.34 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 0.24 +/- 3.18 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 8.33 +/- 6.32 micromol x L(-1) and 0.51 +/- 2.15 micromol x L(-1) x min(-1), that of male rat were 5.11 +/- 3.84 min, 485.63 +/- 36.52 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 49.57 +/- 15.29 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 62 +/- 13.74 micromol x L(-1) and 19.16 +/- 9.67 micromol x L(-1) x min(-1), and that of female rat were 7.0 +/- 3.69 min, 354.82 +/- 33.33 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 8.04 +/- 3.23 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 35.38 +/- 7.65 micromol x L(-1) and 8.39 +/- 4.91 micromol x L(-1) min(-1), respectively. There were nine metabolites detected from all the three species, but the relative amounts of the metabolites generated were different in three species. The results indicted that the major phase I metabolic pathway of estradiol was similar in the liver microsomes from all the three species. However, the inter-species differences were found in the view of relative amounts of the metabolites as well as the metabolic characteristics of estradiol in liver microsomal incubation.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dogs ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo investigae the function of the glass colorant on the color of the machinable infiltrated ceramics(MIC).

METHODSFive kinds of glass with different colorant were infiltrated through the aluminous matrix by heating the components to 1 100 degrees C for 2 hours. The specimens surface was polished, and their thickness was 0.5 mm.

RESULTSThe refractive index of the MIC infiltration glass was 1.59691 (587.6 nm, nd) . The most different parameter of the MIC color were L*, then a*, and b* had little difference . The parameters of the color space of MIC were: L*(64.55-71.46), a*(3.35-7.38), b*(10.00-12.41), Ca*b*(11.38-13.95), ha*b*(54.07-73.00). These were almost close to the color parameters of Vita In-ceram.

CONCLUSIONThis experiment proved that the glass colorant was changed the MIC color parameters, and the main function was on L*, then a*. The ceramic color was up to the requirement of clinic.

Aluminum Oxide ; Ceramics ; Color ; Dental Materials ; Dental Porcelain ; Glass ; Humans

Objective: To observe the effects of laurocapram and borneol as transdermal penetration enhancers applied to herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion on liver lipids, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase in hyperlipidemia rabbits.Methods: Forty New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups using the random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. Rabbits in the blank group were fed routinely with a normal diet; rabbits in the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish the hyperlipidemia model. Rabbits in the blank and the model groups were not given any intervention. After the model was prepared successfully, rabbits in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group received herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion without transdermal penetration enhancers; rabbits in the laurocapram group and the borneol group received herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion with laurocapram or borneol respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment, the serum was isolated and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the detection of HSL and HMG-CoA reductase. The liver tissues were isolated, and total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured by enzymatic methods. One-step method was applied for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) detection, and transmission turbidimetry was for apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) detection. Results: The serum concentrations of the drugs in the laurocapram and the borneol groups were significantly higher than those in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group (both P<0.05); all drug penetrations in the borneol group were significantly higher than those in the laurocapram group (both P<0.05), except for tanshinone ⅡA. Compared with the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group, the HSL was significantly increased while the HMG-CoA reductase was significantly decreased in the laurocapram and the borneol groups (both P<0.05); between groups, the HSL in the borneol group was significantly higher than that in the laurocapram group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the levels of LDL-C, TG, TC and Apo-B in rabbit liver were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the levels of LDL-C, TG, TC and Apo-B in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer, the laurocapram, and the borneol groups were significantly decreased (all P<0.05); between groups, the TG and TC in the laurocapram group and the LDL-C, TG, TC and Apo-B in the borneol group were significantly lower than those in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group (all P<0.05), and the TG, LDL-C and Apo-B in the borneol group were significantly lower than those in the laurocapram group (all P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the HDL-C and Apo-A1 were significantly decreased in the model group (both P<0.05), while compared with the model group, the HDL-C and Apo-A1 were significantly increased in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer, the laurocapram, and the borneol groups (all P<0.05). Between groups, the Apo-A1 in the laurocapram group, the HDL-C and Apo-A1 in the borneol group were significantly higher than those in the non-transdermal penetration enhancer group (all P<0.05).Conclusion: The application of laurocapram and borneol, as transdermal penetration enhancers, in herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion can promote the penetration of the drugs in the herbal cake, increase the levels of HDL-C and Apo-A1, improve the metabolism of HSL and HMG-CoA reductase, and also simultaneously reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and Apo-B in the liver. The transdermal penetration enhancement effect of borneol is slightly better than or equivalent to that of laurocapram.

As part of our ongoing influenza surveillance program in South China, 19 field strains of H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were isolated from dead or diseased chicken flocks in Guangdong province, South China, between 2012 and 2013. Hemagglutinin (HA) genes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed and phylogenic analysis showed that 12 of the 19 isolates belonged to the lineage h9.4.2.5, while the other seven belonged to h9.4.2.6. Specifically, we found that all of the viruses isolated in 2013 belonged to lineage h9.4.2.5. The lineage h9.4.2.5 viruses contained a PSRSSRdownward arrowGLF motif at HA cleavage site, while the lineage h9.4.2.6 viruses contained a PARSSRdownward arrowGLF at the same position. Most of the isolates in lineage h9.4.2.5 lost one potential glycosylation site at residues 200-202, and had an additional one at residues 295-297 in HA1. Notably, 19 isolates had an amino acid exchange (Q226L) in the receptor binding site, which indicated that the viruses had potential affinity of binding to human like receptor. The present study shows the importance of continuing surveillance of new H9N2 strains to better prepare for the next epidemic or pandemic outbreak of H9N2 AIV infections in chicken flocks.
Animals ; *Chickens ; China ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/*genetics/metabolism ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases/*virology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/veterinary

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of D2-40 and CD34 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and the clinical significance.

METHODSD2-40 and CD34 expressions were detected immunohistochemically in 108 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and 30 cases of breast fibroadenoma. The lymphatic microvessel density (LMD) and the microvessel density (MD), marked by D2-40 and CD34, respectively, were calculated and their relationship with the clinicopathological factors was analyzed.

RESULTSThe LMD and MD for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were significantly higher than those of breast fibroadenoma (P<0.01). One-way ANOVA indicated that the LMD differed significantly between tumors of different histological grades, status of lymph node metastasis and TNM stages; the MD also varied significantly with the tumor size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. The LMD and MD showed a positive correlation to the tumor size (r=0.335, 0.337), histological grade (r=0.580, 0.671), lymph node metastasis (r=0.690, 0.721) and TNM stage (r=0.623, 0.634), but not to ER, PR or Her-2 status (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSD2-40 can specifically mark the lymphatic endothelial cells in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The LMD and MD are positively correlated to the clinicopathological factors of the malignancy. D2-40 and CD34 has the potential for use as the predictors to evaluate the tumor progression and metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Microvessels ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Young Adult