The contents about the central action mechanisms of needling Zusanli (ST 36) were sorted by summarizing the relevant literatures published in the past 10 years, and it was found that: by comparing acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), other acupoints or sham points, most studies showed that Zusanli (ST 36) had relatively specific characteristics in the brain function response; studies on the central action mechanisms of Zusanli (ST 36) were mainly focused on sequelae of cerebral apoplexy, pain, gastrointestinal diseases, weight loss and drug addiction withdrawal and so on; acupuncture manipulations, stimulation methods, individual differences, stimulation quantity, and stimulation duration, etc. could also induce different brain function responses; acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) had an after-working effect, also called long-term effect, but with poor repeatability. So, it was suggested that the future studies should focus on the factors that affect the clinical efficacies and experimental results, including the compatibility effects of the acupoints, reproducibility of research results, sample size, acupuncture methods, long-term effects and disease entities.

Objective Systemic chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer is still a difficult problem in clinical practice. The standard chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer has been gemcitabine, but the response rate is low. Therefore, it is in urgent need to explore an effective clinical therapy for this cancer. This paper, a case report, is aimed at discussing the effectiveness of vinorelbine and cisplatin combined with endostatin as the first-line therapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Methods A 52-year-old female patient was diagnosed with pancreas cancer with liver metastasis at the time of the first visit to our hospital. Systemic chemotherapy with vinorelbine and cisplatin combined with endostatin was conducted. Results Liver metastases almost disappeared after the first cycle of chemotherapy. The primary tumor decreased by one third in size after four cycles and disappeared after the sixth cycle according to the CT scan evaluation. Conclusion Vinorelbine and cisplatin combined with endostatin can be a promising regimen for metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Objective To study the main features of mechanical asphyxia——the pathological characteristics of petechial hemorrhage after high temperature effect (roasted, boiled) and its changing rules.Methods Rabbit model of mechanical asphyxia death with choking neck and death from anteposition hanging was established.The experimental rabbits were randomly divided into roasted group and boiled group (n=4, in each group).The laryngeal ventricles and cardiopulmonary tissues in the roasted group were roasted for 3, 6 and 10 min, and the positions of petechial hemorrhage were observed and photographed.The same organs and tissues in the boiled group were heated in boiling water (100℃), and were observed and photographed at 30 and 60 s.Then histopathological examination was performed on all the laryngeal ventricles and cardiopulmonary tissues.Results The petechial hemorrhage originating from laryngeal ventricle, trachea and lung did not disappear after high temperature treatment in the eight rabbits.The deepened color was visible to naked eyes and distinct from the surrounding normal tissues, with bleeding under the microscope.Conclusion Petechial hemorrhage caused by mechanical asphyxia would not disappear under high temperature, which might be related to the manner of death, the intensity and time of action, and the individual differences.

Objective Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) severely affects the life of women and the estrogen replacement therapy for it has obvious adverse effects. This article aimed to study the effect of polygoni multiflori radix preparata (PMRP) on DOR in rats and provide a therapeutic option for clinical medication. Methods Sixty female SD rats were randomly divided into six groups of equal number,normal control,DOR model control,high-dose PMRP (4 g/kg),medium-dose PMRP (2 g/kg),low-dose PMRP (1 g/kg),and positive control. The DOR model was established by gavage of tripterygium glycosides as 75 mg/kg every morning,followed by administration of PMRP in the PMRP groups,Estradiol valerate at 0.18 mg/kg in the positive control group and distilled water in the model control group in the afternoon,all for 30 consecutive days. The estrous cycle of the rats was observed,the levels of serum estradiol (E2),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hor-mone (LH),anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin-B (INH- B) were determined by ELISA,the ovarian and uterine indexes were obtained,and the ovarian morphology was observed by HE stai-ning,and the counts of follicles at different stages were recorded. Results Compared with the normal controls,the DOR model rats showed modeling time-related lengthening,irregularity and even disorder of the estrous cycle,with a few epithelial cells or keratino-cytes and leucocytes on the vaginal smear at 11-30 days. The estrous cycle was normal in the PMRP and positive control groups at 1-10 days and relatively prolonged at 11-30 days. In comparison with the normal control group,the DOR model rats exhibited a signifi-cantly decreased levels of serum E2 ([302.6±42.9] vs [155.7±46.8] pg/mL,P<0.05) and INH-B ([494.5±84.1] vs [299.2± 106.8] pg/mL,P<0.05) but increased levels of FSH ([7.2±0.5] vs [21.7±1.2] mIU/mL,P<0.05) and LH ([17.4±1.2] vs [25.0±1.0] mU/mL,P<0.05). The INH-B level was markedly elevated in the PMRP and positive control groups as compared with that in the DOR models (P<0.05). The counts of follicles and corpora lutea were remarkably lower in the DOR model rats (P<0.05) while that of developing follicles markedly higher in the PMRP and positive control groups than in the normal control group (P<0.05). The numbers of atretic follicles+corpora lutea were significantly increased in the high-dose PMRP group but decreased in the low-dose PMRP group (P<0.05) and positive controls (P<0.05). The counts of primordial and developing follicles were dramatically higher in the PMRP and positive control groups than in the DOR model controls (P<0.01) and so were the numbers of atretic follicles+corpora lutea in the high-and medium-dose PMRP groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Polygoni multiflori radix preparata can effectively protect the reproductive function of female rats by inhibiting tripterygium glycosides-induced toxicity to the ovary.

Aged ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; diagnosis ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of dopamine receptor (DR2) activation on hypoxia/reperfusion injury (HRI) in the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSThe hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) injury model was established in primarily cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and randomly assigned: control, H/R, bromocriptine (Bro) and haloperidol (Hal) groups. The cell apoptosis was detected using inverted microscope, transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry (FCM). The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in cell medium were analyzed. The expression of mRNA and protein of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Fas, Fas-L, Cyt C and Bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, apoptosis rate, LDH activity, MDA content and the expression of pro-apoptotic factors and anti-apoptotic factors were increased, but SOD activity was decreased in H/R group. Compared with the H/R group, all index above-mentioned were down-regulated or reversed in Bro-group, and had no obvious differences in Hal-group.

CONCLUSIONThe neonatal rat cardiomyocytes injury and apoptosis caused by hypoxia/reperfusion can be inhibited with DR2 activation, which mechanism is related to scavenging oxygen radical.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Cell Hypoxia ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the relation between the nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) content in the skeletal muscles and the injury condition of soft tissue in the 3rd lumbar vertebrae syndrome model rats, and to observe the effect of acupotomology therapy.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-eight adult SD rats were allocated to 4 groups randomly: normal group, model group, aminoguanidin group and acupotomology treatment group, 32 rats in each group. NOS expression, NO content and injury of the soft tissue in the 3rd lumbar vertebra were observed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after the acupotomology treatment and aminoguanidine intervention.

RESULTS1) Inducible NOS (iNos) activity and NO content in model group was significantly higher (F = 522.860, P < 0.01), in acupotomology group and aminoguanidine group was significantly lower than the model group (FiNOS = 28.894, P < 0.01), and iNOS activity and NO content in all groups was in competence with the condition of soft tissue injuries. 2) Endothelium NOS (eNOS) expression raised in model group and acupotomology group, and achieve peak on the 7th day. There was significant difference between the eNOS expression in acupotomology group and the model group (FeNOS = 3.454, P < 0.05). 3) The expression of neuron NOS (nNOS) in the model group, aminoguanidine group and acupotomology group had no significant (FnNOS = 0.962, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupotomology treatment can restrain the development of high content NO, release the inflammatory reaction and injury condition, improve microcirculation, prevent the development of scar tissue of the injured soft tissue, and has significant recovering effectiveness in the soft tissue injured model rats.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Guanidines ; therapeutic use ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Syndrome ; Time Factors

Aged ; Carotid Artery, Common ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Tunica Intima ; pathology

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor de-escalation and nicorandil therapy in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 300 elderly patients with ACS were selected from the Sixth and Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Beijing Chaoyang Integrative Medicine Emergency Rescue and First Aid Hospital from November 2016 to June 2019,including 153 males and 147 females,aged>65 years old.All the patients received PCI,and all had double antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)scores≥2 and a new DAPT(PRECISE-DAPT)score of≥25.All patients were divided into two groups by random number table method before operation:ticagrelor group(n=146,ticagrelor 180 mg load dose followed by PCI,and ticagrelor 90 mg bid after surgery)and ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil group(n=154,ticagrelor 180 mg load dose followed by PCI,ticagrelor 90 mg bid+nicorandil 5 mg tid after surgery,changed to ticagrelor 60 mg bid+ nicorandil 5 mg tid 6 months later).Follow-up was 12 months.The composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction and stroke,the composite end points of mild hemorrhage,minor hemorrhage,other major hemorrhage and major fatal/life-threatening hemorrhage as defined by the PLATO study,and the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,stroke and bleeding within 12 months in the two groups were observed.Results The comparison of general baseline data between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction and stroke between the two groups(P>0.05).The cumulative incidence of bleeding events in ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil group was significantly lower than that in ticagrelor group(P<0.05),while the composite end points of cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction,stroke and bleeding were also significantly lower than those in tecagrelor group(P<0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients with ACS,the treatment of ticagrelor de-escalation + nicorandil after PCI may not increase the incidence of ischemic events such as cardiovascular death,myocardial infarction or stroke,and it may reduce the incidence of hemorrhagic events.

Objective To investigate the effects of transient axonal glycoprotein-1 (TAG-1) on activity of U251 cells and expressions of AICD, p53 and EGFR genes in the cells. Methods The viability of U251 cells was tested by MTT assay at 48 h following the addition of various concentrations of TAG-1 (0, 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL). The expression ofamyloid precursor protein (ALP) was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The apoptotic cells were examined by TUNEL. Real-time PCR was employed to detect the influence of TAG-1 on the expressions of AICD, p53 and EGFR genes in U251 cells. Results TAG-1 did not play an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the U251 cells. APP was abundantly expressed on membrane of the U251 cells. U251 cells did not show apoptotic cells but increased expressions of AICD, p53 and EGFR genes were noted when U251 cells were exposed at 10 μg/mL of TAG-1. Conclusion TAG-1 plays an important role in regulating the proliferation of glioma and may not induce the apoptosis of U251 cells through the signal pathway of TAG-1/APP/AICD/p53 or TAG- 1/APP/AICD/EGFR.