Objective To explore the effect of surgical treatment of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Methods Data were collected from 94 patients with BAC (including 67 cases with pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 16 cases with BAC by local infiltration and 11 cases with adenocarcinoma having BAC character). All patients were proved pathologically bronchioloalveolar carcinoma from January 1989 to December 2003. Clinical features, characteristics of radiology, methods of treatment and survival status were studied retrospectively. Surgical treatment and efficacy approaches according to different TNM stages and clinical patterns were also analyzed. Results Ninety-eight patients underwent complete resection and 4 underwent palliative operation and 2 underwent exploratory thoractomy. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 75.5 %, 53.2 %, 41.5 %. According to international staging system of lung cancer, there were marked difference in stage Ⅰ group, stage Ⅱ group and stage Ⅲ group (P <0.01). According to pathological classification, there were marked difference in pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, BAC with local infiltration and adenocarcinoma having BAC character (P <0.01). Conclusion Bronchioalveoar carcinoma is a special form of lung cancer. It has its own characteristics on biology,radiology,clinic or pathology. Lobectomy is performed commonly in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. It may be concluded that the early diagnosis, early therapy are the key points for improving the survival rate of BAC.

Objective: By taking the holism and differentiation concepts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as the guidance, physical, mental and workplace factors were recruited in the observation of depression in employees, and were systematically classified to establish a workplace-related Liver Meridian-depression scale, for providing an evaluation index for depression in employees. Methods: NVIVO 11 software was adopted to assort ancient TCM classics. Based on the holism and differentiation concepts of TCM and well-developed scales, the item pool was determined via brain storm and screened by Delphi method after classified; a Wechat questionnaire was handed out 240 times via the online system 'Wen Juan Xing', and the results were statistically analyzed by the SPSS 17.0 version software. Results: Five dimensions consisting of 80 items were obtained after classification, and 60 items were selected by Delphi method; a total of 216 questionnaires were returned and the return rate was 90%. Of which, 215 questionnaires were valid ones, and the valid rate was 99%. By exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 44 items were obtained, and the aggregate split-half reliability coefficient was 0.922. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the five dimensions, i.e. Liver Meridian, relevant meridians, basic psychological activities, work cognition and emotional reactions, was respectively 0.841, 0.842, 0.914, 0.836 and 0.839, indicating a content internal consistency. The score of each item was highly correlated with the corresponding dimension, and the intercommunity was between 0.474 and 0.801. Nine factors were generated, 2 in the dimension of Liver Meridian, 3 in the dimension of relevant meridians, 2 in the dimension of basic psychological activities, 1 in the dimension of work cognition, and 1 in the dimension of emotional reactions, and the load of each factor was between 0.438 and 0.859. The reliability and validity of the scale were well examined. Conclusion: The scale can be applied to evaluate the qi activities of Liver Meridian and depression symptoms related to workplace.

Several new drug targets of anti-atherosclerosis, emerging in the recent years, such as PPAR agonists, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, infusion of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), liver X receptor (LXR) activators and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) inhibitors etc were reviewed.
Apolipoprotein A-I ; therapeutic use ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Benzoates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Benzylamines ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; agonists ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver X Receptors ; Molecular Structure ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors ; Oxazines ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; agonists ; metabolism ; Phenylpropionates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Quinolines ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; agonists ; metabolism

Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and nitric oxide(NO) in post-asphyxial renal injury in neonatal rats.Methods Forty-eight Wistar neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:controls,2 h,24 h and 48 h post-asphyxia groups (12 in each group).The rats were decapitated in different times(2 h,24 h and 48 h) after asphyxia for 30 minutes.The renals were dissected to determined the concentrations of NO and NOS.And the scores of renal tubules were measured under light microscope.Results Compared with control group,the levels of NO and NOS significantly increased at 2 h and 24 h after asphyxia.The scores of renal tubules were significant difference at 24 h and 48 h after asphyxia compared to controls.Conclusion These findings suggest NOS and NO may play an important role in the development of post-asphyxia renal injury.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI findings of inflammation and lymphadenosis of lacrimal gland and to assess their diagnostic value.Design Retrospective case series study.Participants 46 patients with inflammation or lymphadenosis of lacrimal gland.Methods CT and MRI findings were analyzed retrospectively in 46 patients with inflammation or lymphadenosis of lacrimal gland,which were confirmed by pathology or clinical follow-ups.Main Outcome Measures Configuration,signal intense(or density)and extent of lesions.Results Of the 46 patients,32 patients with inflammatory pseudotumors demonstrated enlargement of the lacrimal gland,showing homogenous moderate density on CT,isointense or hypointense signal on T_1WI and T_2WI of MRI,and marked contrast enhancement.Multiple cystic components could be seen in one case.In 4 patients with Mikulicz disease,there were bilateral diffuse enlargment of the entire glands.CT scans showed homogenous moderate density.MRI showed hypointense signal on T_1WI and T_2WI,and marked contrast enhancement.Five patients with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia demonstrated enlargement of the lacrimal gland,homogenous moderate density on CT,hypointense or isointense signal on T_1WI and T_2WI(one case was hyperintense signal on T_2WI),and marked contrast enhancement.One patient with atypical lymphoid hyperplasia demonstrated bilateral diffuse enlargment of the entire glands,and homogenous moderate density on CT.4 patients had malignant lymphomas(B-cell lymphoma 3,histocytic sarco- ma 1,all 4 patients had bilateral disease),Those patients with malignant lymphomas showed bilateral diffuse enlargment of the entire glands.Conclusions The CT and MRI findings were similar in inflammation and lymphadenosis of lacrimal gland.CT and MRI may contribute to differentiate inflammation and lymphadenosis with epithelial tumors and may demonstrate the extent of the lesion.(Oph- thalmol CHN,2007,16:308-311)

score 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after SCI, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and spinal cord histopathological examination 2, 4, 8 weeks after SCI. Results The difference of BBB score was not significant between the groups 1 week after SCI (P>0.05), but improved more in group B than in group A 2,4,8 weeks after SCI (P<0.01), as well as the latency and wave amplitude of SEP (P<0.01). There were scar tissue and syringomyelia in injured spinal cord, and the size of syringomyelia was larger in group A than in group B. Neurofilament 200 (NF200) expressed 2, 4, 8 weeks after SCI, and was more in group B than in group A (P< 0.01). Conclusion Du meridian electroacupuncture can promote the recovery of neurological function in rats after spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method integrating multi-targets for determining critical process parameters of the manufacturing process of traditional Chinese medicine.

METHODThe ethanol precipitation process of Danhong injection was taken as an application case of the method established. Fractional factorial design of experiments were conducted. Mathematical models relating seven process parameters to ten targets in the ethanol precipitation process were established. Then the sums of the absolute values of the regression coefficients in the models were used to evaluate the criticality of process parameters.

RESULTWater content in the concentrate, ethanol concentration and ethanol consumption were identified as the critical process parameters.

CONCLUSIONThe method established can integrate multi-targets effectively for the evaluation of critical process parameters.

Chemical Precipitation ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

In this work, a feedforward control strategy basing on the concept of quality by design was established for the manufacturing process of traditional Chinese medicine to reduce the impact of the quality variation of raw materials on drug. In the research, the ethanol precipitation process of Danhong injection was taken as an application case of the method established. Box-Behnken design of experiments was conducted. Mathematical models relating the attributes of the concentrate, the process parameters and the quality of the supernatants produced were established. Then an optimization model for calculating the best process parameters basing on the attributes of the concentrate was built. The quality of the supernatants produced by ethanol precipitation with optimized and non-optimized process parameters were compared. The results showed that using the feedforward control strategy for process parameters optimization can control the quality of the supernatants effectively. The feedforward control strategy proposed can enhance the batch-to-batch consistency of the supernatants produced by ethanol precipitation.
Chemical Precipitation ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Quality Improvement ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Liver X receptor (LXR), a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, plays an important role in the activation of transcription factors involved in cholesterol metabolism, glucose homeostasis inflammation and lipogenesis. It is shown that LXR agnoists have the potentiality to be used as drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, which is its best investigated therapeutic indication. There are many compounds being studied in preclinical evaluation and biological assay. This paper will review briefly the LXR agonists in recent years.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Amines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Benzimidazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cholesterol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Liver X Receptors ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors ; agonists ; physiology ; Quinolines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genetic diversity of Chrysanthemum morifolium at the level of molecular biology.

METHODThe total genomic DNA was extracted from medicinal chrysanthemums by 2% CTAB method. And the genetic diversity of 22 C. morifolium accessions was tested by RAPD marks. The NTSYS software was used to analyze the marks.

RESULT26 10-mer arbitrary primers were found to acquire polymophic results. A total of 233 bands were amplified, of which 89.7% bands were found to be polymophic. 8.04 polymophic bands were amplified by each primer on the average. The results of cluster analysis by using UPGMA method showed that all the tested accessions could be differentiated by RAPD marks.

CONCLUSIONThere actually existed much genetic diversity at the molecular level among the germplasm resources of C. morifolium. RAPD marks could be effective tools to construct DNA fingerprintings of C. morifolium. The differences between the tested chrysanthemums are related to the environments. However, it was affected by genetic facters more significantly.

China ; Chrysanthemum ; classification ; genetics ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; methods