No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Child* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans

Obesity has been implicated as a significant risk factor for multiple medical condition including hypertention, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver. Furthermore, obesity in childhood is believed to be a reliable predictor of a similar condition in adulthood. During the recent years, there has been a rapid rise in the incidence of childhood obesity in Korea due to increased dietary intake rich in caloric content. This study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology and potential health complications of obesity observed in elmentary school students. A total of 3,103 children (1630 boys and 1,473 girls), ages ranging from 6 to 12, were studied with personal interview, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. The results were as follows: 1) The prevalence of obesity was 13.44% with approximately equal distribution among boys (14.42%) and girls (12.36%). 2) The prevalence of childhood obesity in Seoul was significantly higher (18.62%) than that in Suwon (7.85%) and in Hongchon (6.02%). 3) A higher incidence of hypertension was dectected in obese subjects and this was more obvious in girls. 4) Hyperlipidemia and elevated Atherogenic Index were more frequently observed in obese group. 5) although fasting blood glucose levels were similar in both groups. AST and ALT abnormalities were much more prevalent in obese group. It is concluded that hypertension and other metabolic abnormalities are much more frequently observed in obese children and that our effects should be focused on the earliest dection, prevention and management of childhood obesity.
Blood Glucose ; Child* ; Epidemiology ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Korea ; Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Seoul

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Protein kinase C (PKC) is known to be related with development of various cells. In the heart, each isoform reacts differentially against agonists and the reaction changes during development. In this study, the roles of PKC isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta) were investigated through the localization of mRNA expression in the developing rat heart with in situ hybridization histochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The mRNA expression pattern of PKC isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta) was investigated with in situ hybridization histochemistry in developing and adult rat hearts. Whole body parasagittal sections were used for embryonal day 14 (E14), E16, E18 and heart sections were used for just born (P0), postnatal day 7 (P7), P14, P21 and adult rat. RESULTS: The expression of PKC alpha was found from E14, peaked at P7, and gradually decreased to adult level. The expression of PKC beta was observed from P14, peaked at P21, and decreased to adult level. The expression of PKC delta in the heart was observed from E14, peaked at P0, and abruptly disappeared at P14. The expression of PKC epsilon was observed from E14, peaked at P0, after that gradually decreased and disappeared at adult rat heart. The expression of PKC gamma and zeta was not found from any stage of developing rat heart. CONCLUSION: From these results, it is suspected that each PKC isoform may be differentially related with development of heart. The strong expression of PKC alpha, delta, epsilon around perinatal period, rapidly developing stage, suggests that PKC alpha, delta, epsilon may be related with rapid development of rat heart. And the late postnatal expression of PKC beta suggests that PKC beta may be related with maturation of rat heart.
Adult ; Animals ; Heart* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Protein Isoforms ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinase C-epsilon ; Protein Kinases* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Alprostadil* ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Endotheline-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide with 21 amino acid residues. ET-1 is thought to have a key role in vasoconstriction, and cardiac, renal, and endocrine actions of the peptide. Creatine Kinase(CK), also referred to as ATP-creatine-N-phosphotransferase, consists of either the B or M type. CK is found almost exclusively in muscle(MM), myocardium(MB), and brain(BB). It is to be an almost specific index of injury of myocardium and brain in hypoxic damage. I measured the ET-1, CK isoenzyme in neonates among asphyxia group (14 cases), as a control devide into two group. 1st group(birth weight (2500 g, n=9) and 2nd group (body weight 2500g, n=11). 1) There was no significant difference between asphyxia and control 1st, 2nd group during postnatal 24 hrs include cord blood on irET-1(p< 0.05). 2) There was significant difference between asphyxia and control 1 st, 2nd group during postnatal 24 hrs include cord blood on CK and CK and CK isoenzyme (p<0.001). 3) There was significant difference between asphyxia and control 1st, 2nd group on CK-MB and CK-BB proportion (p< 0.001). 4) There was significant difference between cord blood and postnatal 24 hrs on total CK level (P< 0.001).
Asphyxia* ; Brain ; Creatine Kinase* ; Creatine* ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Myocardium ; Plasma* ; Vasoconstriction

No abstract available.
Heart Diseases* ; Heart*

No abstract available.
Cardiac Output* ; Ductus Arteriosus* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature*