No abstract available.
Abscess*

No abstract available.
Mandible*

The use of pure titanium and titanium alloys have been increased recently in fixed, removable prosthodontics and implant fields as a framework. But when they were used for superstructures of implant of metal framework of removable prosthesis, welding is necessary to reconnect the fracture site to control the casting distortions. To overcome the difficulties in soldering the titanium due to high oxidation property, much effort have been devoted. In this study, some of mechanical properties were compared between pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy by usingl aser welding, electron beam welding technique and tungsten arc welding. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and microhardness were measured. And, in order to compare the effect of welding site and surrounding metal tissue according to the welding condition, SEM photographs were taken an element distribution was observed by Wave Dispersion Spectroscopy. Through analyses of the data, following results were obtained; 1. In items such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation according to the welding techniques of pure titanium, only tungsten arc welded group showed significant lower value than other groups(P<0.05). 2. In items such as tensile strength and yield strength according to the welding techniques of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, control group and tungsten arc welded group showed significant difference among all the groups(P<0.05). 3. Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibited significantly greater elongation than control group when the laser welding method and electron beam welding method were used, and elongation showed increasing tendency. 4. Pure titanium specimens exhibited increasing tendency of microhardness regardless of the welding technique applied, and especially tungsten arc welded group demonstrated a great increase of microhardness than parent metal. 5. There was no hardness change in laser welded group and electron bean welded group of Ti-6Al-4V ally, but in tungsten arc welded group, hardness changed greatly from parent metal to weld seam. 6. Through the metallographic examination and scanning electron microscopy, laser welding caused central fusion and recristallizations were formed and tungsten arc welding caused localized fusion to 0.3-0.7mm from the surface.
Alloys ; Hardness ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Parents ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthodontics ; Spectrum Analysis ; Tensile Strength ; Titanium* ; Tungsten ; Welding*

The sputum eosinophilia has been observed in various allergic disease of respiratory tract, even non allergic disease, and as well as malignant disease of respiratory tract by several authors in adult patient. This studies were undertaken to evaluate sputum eosinphils in normal and in acute respi ratory tract infection in children. Sputum eosinophils were studied in 10 cases of normal child and in 30 cases of acute respiratory infection. Sputum was liquified by trypsin for 2 hours at 37degrees C in incubator and stained sputum eosinophils with Hinkelman's solution specifically. The stained eosinophils in 1mm3 of sputum were counted by hemocytometer. The results were as follows : 1. Average sputum eosinophil counts in normal child were 120+316 cell/mm3. 2. Average sputum eosinophil counts in acute respiratory tract infection were 10597+/-13207 cell/mm3, which was significantly increased than normal child(p<0.005). 3. Average sptum eosinophil counts in acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis were 10417+/-9295 cell/mm3, 7724+/-6136 cell/mm3 in acute pnemonia, 800 cell/mm3 in bronchial asthma, and 1945+/-2468 cell/mm3 in pulmonary tuberculosis. There were no significant differences of sputum eosinophils between acute respiratory infections. 4. Average sputum eosinophils in acute respiratory infection by different age group were 11178+9632 cell/mm3 below 1 year of age, 8816+/-8933 cell/mm3 in 1~6 years of age, 18798+/-29847 cell/mm3 in 6~10 years of age, and 1400+/-1697 cell/mm3 above 10 years of age. Average sputum eosinophil counts in male patient were 8428+/-9067 cell/mm3, 10597+/-13207 cells/mm3 in female patient. There were no significant differences of sputum eosinophils by age and sex in acute respiratory infection.
Adult ; Asthma ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchitis ; Child ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Female ; Humans ; Incubators ; Male ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sputum* ; Trypsin ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Although the surgical technique of the management of an middle cerebral artery(MCA) aneurysm is not more difficult than that of an aneurysm in any other location, the surgical management outcome of this aneurysm is not better than that of other location aneurysms. This is probably due to occurrence of an intracerebral hemorrhage more frequently in an MCA aneurysm than other location aneurysms. This is required the proper surgical management of this aneurysm to be reviewed. The key points of surgery for MCA aneurysm can be summarized as follows: gently wide dissection and splitting of the sylvian fissure without injury of main sylvian veins; early adequate exposure of the M1 sites for temporary clips applications; avoid injuries of small branches of the MCA in sylvian fissure by using a low pressure suction during removing the intrasylvian hematoma; avoid injury of lenticulostriate arteries and narrowing of the parent arteries during clipping of aneurysms; and successful aneurysm obliteration with minimal brain retraction. Preoperative imagination of the configulation of aneurysm and the relationship between the aneurysm and surrounding vessels, such as M1, M2 and lenticulostriate arteries, from angiographic informations will decrease the incidence of premature aneurysmal ruptureduring surgery and improve the surgical management outcome of patients with MCA aneurysm. From September 1982 to December 1998, the authors has surgically treated 1025 patients of the cerebral aneurysms. Among these patients, 274 patients(26.7%) had the MCA anurysms. The surgical outcomes of these MCA aneurysm patients were good in 222 patients(81.0%) and death in 22 patients(8.0%). The authors discusses surgical anatomy and techniques for the management of MCA aneurysms on the basis of the author's experiences and a review of the literatures in order to improve the surgical management outcomes of patients with MCA aneurysm in the future.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Veins ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Imagination ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Parents ; Suction

No abstract available.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents* ; Intracranial Aneurysm*

No abstract available.

Acetabular fractures assume great clinical importance because acetabular is weight bearing joint in the lower extremity. The undisplaced fractures of the acetabulum gave satisfactory results with closed method, but the treatment of displaced fractures have been controversial. A clinical analysis was performed on the 72 patients with displaced acetabular fractures, who had been treated at Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January 1980 to December 1989. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The prevalent age ranged from 21 to 50 years, which comprised 86.1% of all, and the ratio between male and female was 3:l. 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accident, which comprised 76.4%. 3. According to Letournel's classification, simple fracture was 38 cases (52.8%), associated fracture was 34 cases (47.2%) and hip dislocation was associated in 28 cases (38.9%) and most common was posterior (20.8%). 4. Closed treatment was done in 47 cases and open treatment in 25 cases. 5. Results of open treatment group were better than closed treatment group in both clinical and roentgenographic study. 6. The complication were occured in 14 (29.8%) out of 47 cases of closed treatment group, and 10 (40.0%) out of 25 cases of open treatment group. 7. Not only choice of treatment but also determination of surgical approach require accurate assessment of the fracture pattern in this region of complex bony architecture by careful radilogic analysis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Acetabulum ; Classification ; Female ; Hip Dislocation ; Humans ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Methods ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Animals ; Coal* ; Dust* ; Lung* ; Rats* ; Silicon Dioxide*

No abstract available.
Electromyography*