No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis* ; Parotid Gland* ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous* ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

No abstract available.
Animals ; Coal* ; Dust* ; Lung* ; Rats* ; Silicon Dioxide*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pneumoconiosis*

No abstract available.
Blindness, Cortical* ; Diagnosis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: This study was to identify factors affecting mammography screening behavior in job women by attitude, social influence and self-efficacy model. METHODS: The data were obtained from 171 job women in one residency area by structural questionnaire from March to June 2013 and analysed by using chi2-test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The each performance rate was 45.1% in mammography, 44.9% in breast self examination and 48.5% in physical examination. The mammography performance rate in job women showed higher significance in the groups of 1) older age, urban residency, marital status or high economic state, 2) shorter office hours or higher job position, 3) childbirth experience or menopause and 4) preferring soy bean food, practicing regular exercise, suffering chronic disease or receiving radiation therapy. Attitude, social influences and self-efficacy made significant differences in mammography performance. Logistic regression analysis showed that 50 years or older, urban residency, social influences towards mammography and high self-efficacy were significant relationship. CONCLUSION: In order to increase the mammography performance rate, the intervention strategies are needed to increase positive social influences or self-efficacy and to offer public information to younger age.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast Self-Examination ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Logistic Models ; Mammography* ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; Menopause ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Soybeans

PURPOSE: This study was to identify factors affecting mammography screening behavior in job women by attitude, social influence and self-efficacy model. METHODS: The data were obtained from 171 job women in one residency area by structural questionnaire from March to June 2013 and analysed by using chi2-test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The each performance rate was 45.1% in mammography, 44.9% in breast self examination and 48.5% in physical examination. The mammography performance rate in job women showed higher significance in the groups of 1) older age, urban residency, marital status or high economic state, 2) shorter office hours or higher job position, 3) childbirth experience or menopause and 4) preferring soy bean food, practicing regular exercise, suffering chronic disease or receiving radiation therapy. Attitude, social influences and self-efficacy made significant differences in mammography performance. Logistic regression analysis showed that 50 years or older, urban residency, social influences towards mammography and high self-efficacy were significant relationship. CONCLUSION: In order to increase the mammography performance rate, the intervention strategies are needed to increase positive social influences or self-efficacy and to offer public information to younger age.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast Self-Examination ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Logistic Models ; Mammography* ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; Menopause ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Soybeans

PURPOSE: This study is to conduct a comparative analysis of influencing factors on the experience of mammography targeting ordinary women and outpatients. METHODS: The target subjects were 116 ordinary women and 105 outpatients, and the study period was around 8 months from May to December. RESULTS: When mammography experience was examined, it was found that mammography experience was conducted in 44.8% of ordinary women and 59.0% of outpatients, but this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference. When the relation between the characteristics of the targeted objects and the experience of mammography was examined, it was found that ordinary women have a lot of experience when they have regular exercises and a high health belief. On the other hand, in case of outpatients. mammography experience was more frequent in the older group. In addition, outpatients had experiences in breast-related diseases or high self-efficacy. It was also found that the influencing factors on the experience of mammography were a high health belief in case of ordinary women, and old ages and high self-efficacy in case of outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: In order to increase the rate of conducting early detection behavior for mammography, it is needed to conduct an intervention that increases health belief for ordinary women, while it is effective to conduct an intervention that increases self-efficacy for outpatients.
Breast Neoplasms ; Exercise ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Mammography* ; Outpatients*

No abstract available.
Colonoscopy*

BACKGROUND: Recent evidences suggest that anesthetic action within the spinal cord is important in suppressing somatic responses to painful stimuli. Intrathecal endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to have antinociceptive effect. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether intrathecal ET-1 may influence the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in rats and access the role of the spinal cord as the sites of anesthetic action in blocking somatic responsiveness. METHODS: In Sprague-Dawley rats fitted with an indwelling intrathecal catheter, we determined the MAC of isoflurane using a tail-clamp technique as a painful stimulus, combined with end-tidal anesthetic sampling. In experiment 1, the control MAC was determined and changes of control MAC were observed after intrathecal ET-1 (4x10-2 nmol, 4x10-3 nmol) administration. In experiment 2, we observed the effects of L or N type Ca++ channel blocker such as verapamil (50 g) or W-conotoxin (0.5 g) on the MAC after measurement of the control MAC. In experiment 3, after measurement of the control MAC, ET-1 (10-2 nmol) was administered intrathecally and the MAC was determined again. Next, intrathecal verapamil (50 g) or W-conotoxin (0.5 g) was injected. After that, the MAC was determined again. RESULTS: In experiment 1, ET-1 decreased the MAC of isoflurane and its effect was sustained over 2 hours. In experiment 2, the MAC, determined following administration of verapamil or W-conotoxin, was not different from that of the control. In experiment 3, the MAC was decreased after ET-1 administration and then increased following injection of verapamil or W-conotoxin. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that ET-1, in relation to calcium, might play an important role in determining the MAC of isoflurane in the spinal cord.
Animals ; Calcium ; Catheters ; Endothelin-1* ; Isoflurane* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; Verapamil

PURPOSE: This study was to identify factors affecting regular mammography screening behavior of outpatients. The target subjects were 150 women who had visited the breast clinic at the university hospital, and the study period was around 10 months from March to December 2006. Data were analyzed by using chi2-test, t-test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 50% experienced mammography and 31.6% took mammography regularly. In the relational analysis between various factors and regular mammography, there were significant differences among the 41~50 year old group, the employed group, the high income group, the regular exercise group, the non-drinking group, and the previously chi-rayed group. And, in the Logistic Regression analysis, those who preferred bean food were 3.20 times more likely to take mammogram regularly, and those who married were 3.49 times more likely to do than the unmarried. Also, those who had low health belief and who were under age 51 were less likely to take regular mammogram. CONCLUSION: In order to increase the rate of conducting regular mammography, there must be different intervention strategies according to food habit, marital status and age, and a support system must be devised to increase health belief about breast cancer.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mammography* ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening* ; Outpatients* ; Single Person