No abstract available.
Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Humans ; Infant*

Ancient (degenerated) schwannomas are benign tumors that display pronounced degenerative changes including cyst formation, calcification, hemorrhage, and hyaliniz ation. The tumors are usually infiltrated by large numbers of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, siderophages, and histiocytes. They are located in deep locations such as the retroperitoneum and must be differentiated from malignant soft tissue tumors because spindle cells with nuclear atypia may be present in the fine needle aspiration biopsy. The cytologic findings of two cases of ancient schwannoma occurring in posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum, respectively, are described. Computerized tomographic findings of both cases showed changes of cystic degeneration or necrosis. A case occurred in retroperitoneum revealed features of destruction of vertebral body to suggest a malignant soft tussue tumor radiologically. The cytologic findings of aspiration biopsy of both tumors revealed that the tumor cells were spindle in shape with elongated nuclei. Some of tumor cells were arranged in a palisading fashion. Cell structures that resemble the Verocay bodies were observed. Some of the tumor cells showed pleomorphic bizarre nuclei, but no mitotic activity or chromatin clumping was seen. Inflammatory cells, siderophages and histiocytes were scattered in fibrillar material. These cytologic findings are important in the diagnosis of ancient schwannoma and in the differentiation of this tumor from the malignant spindle cell tumor.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Biopsy, Needle ; Child* ; Chromatin ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Mediastinum ; Methylprednisolone* ; Necrosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Neurilemmoma ; Neutrophils

No abstract available.

A clinical observation was made on 16 cases of urinary tuberculosis under 15 years old from 1975 through 1989. During this period, the incidence of urinary tract tuberculosis in childhood does not seem to decrease and in some cases, the diagnosis was delayed because the tuberculosis is not considered at initial diagnosis. Past history of tuberculosis or present active tuberculous disease other organ system and family history of tuberculosis were noted in half of the cases. We concluded that the children with family history or past history of tuberculosis should be examined for the presence of urinary tract tuberculosis although they are free of symptoms, and that tuberculosis should be considered in children who had recurrent urinary tract infection, but with negative culture for nonspecific organisms.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Tuberculosis* ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urinary Tract*

OBJECTIVE: Intracavitary injection of beta-emitting radiation source for control of cystic tumors has been tried with a benefit of localized internal radiation. The authors treated cystic brain tumor patients with Holmium-166-chitosan complex (Ho-166-chico), composed of a beta-emitting radionuclide Holmium-166 and biodegradable chit polymer, and evaluated the safety and effective measurement for response. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with recurrent cystic brain tumor and/or located in a deep or eloquent area were enrolled in this pilot study. The cyst volume and wall thickness were determined on CT or MRI to assess radiological response. The activity of Ho-166-chico injected via Ommaya reservoir was prescribed to be 10-25 Gy to the cyst wall in a depth of 4 mm. RESULTS: There was neither complications related to systemic absorption nor leakage of Ho-166-chico in all 22 patients. But, two cases of oculomotor paresis were observed in patients with recurrent craniopharyngioma. Radiological response was seen in 14 of 20 available follow-up images (70%). Seven patients of 'evident' radiological response experienced more than 25% decrease of both cyst volume and wall thickness. Another 7 patients with 'suggestive' response showed decrease of cyst volume without definitive change of the wall thickness or vice versa. All patients with benign tumors or low grade gliomas experienced symptomatic improvement. CONCLUSION: Ho-166-chico intracavitary radiation therapy for cystic tumor is a safe method of palliation without serious complications. The determination of both minimal effective dosage and time interval of repeated injection through phase 1 trial could improve the results in the future.
Absorption ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Chitosan ; Craniopharyngioma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioma ; Holmium ; Humans ; Paresis ; Pilot Projects* ; Polymers

Brain metastasis from primary uterine cervical carcinoma have been described but are extremely rare and usually occur in the presence of widely disseminated diseases. The authors report a case of solitary cerebellar metastasis from uterine cervical carcinoma, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient has shown no evidence of metastatic lesions elsewhere, thus far, but had undergone a radical hysterectomy under the diagnosis of uterine cervical carcinoma 52 months prior to the surgical excision of the cerebellar metastasis.
Brain ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

PURPOSE: iNOS expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) causes the development of septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). For the inhibition of iNOS expression, glucocorticoids are known to inhibit iNOS expression but immunosuppression decreases its clinical availability. Recently, aspirin was reported to inhibit iNOS expression, but the mechanism and effectiveness are still unclear. In this investigation, on aspirin, several non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were applied to clarify the inhibitory mechanism of iNOS expression and NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated VSMCs. METHOD: VSMCs were primarily cultured from rat aorta and confirmed by immunocytochemistry of anti-smooth muscle myosin antibody. LPS, an inducer of iNOS, and NSAIDs, such as aspirin, indomethacin, ketoprofen sodium salicylate and acetaminophen were used. The concentrations of nitrite in culture media following the addition of LPS with a 1-hour pretreatment of NSAIDs were measured by spectrophotometry with griess reaction. Western blot and RT-PCR for iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA, respectively, were performed. RESULT: Acetaminophen had no effect on the inhibition of nitrite production. NSAIDs, especially ketoprofen and sodium salicylate, showed a significant inhibitory effect on nitrite production. In their mechanism, all the NSAIDs in present study inhibited iNOS mRNA and protein expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the inhibitory mechanism on iNOS expression of NSAIDs is due to the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression and subsequent inhibition of iNOS protein expression.
Acetaminophen* ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal* ; Aorta ; Aspirin ; Blotting, Western ; Culture Media ; Glucocorticoids ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunosuppression ; Indomethacin ; Ketoprofen ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Myosins ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger ; Shock, Septic ; Sodium Salicylate ; Spectrophotometry

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is very important that people living with HIV (PLWH) maintain 95% medication adherence to increase health-related quality of life and prevent transmitting HIV. In this study, we analyzed factors influencing medication adherence among PLWH and used the basic data for practical interventions to increase medication adherence. METHODS: A total of 190 PLWH, who were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) from nine hospitals in South Korea, were included. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire between April 1 and June 31, 2014. RESULTS: About 92% of the subjects were male and 72.9% of the subjects belonged to the high compliance group. Medication-taking self-efficacy was significantly related to compliance. Efficacy expectancy, which is a subscale of medication-taking self-efficacy, indicated that a score of 1 point higher on a 10-point scale increased compliance by 2.63 times. CONCLUSIONS: Medication adherence is associated with increased medication-taking self-efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to promote self-efficacy to improve compliance considering the infection period and adverse reactions to HAART among PLWH.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Compliance ; HIV* ; Humans* ; Korea ; Male ; Medication Adherence* ; Quality of Life ; Self Efficacy

The Rastelli operation has been a standard procedure for repairing complete transposition of the great arteries combined with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis. Yet this procedure has several shortcomings, including the risk of incurring left ventricular outflow tract obstruction on long-term follow-up. In this regard, aortic translocation has recently been regarded as a potent alternative to Rastelli's operation. We report here on a case of complete transposition of the great arteries that was combined with an inlet-extended perimembranous ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis in a 2-year-old boy. All the problems were successfully repaired using the aortic translocation technique. Postoperative echocardiography showed a straight and wide left ventricular outflow tract.
Arteries ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Preschool Child ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Transposition of Great Vessels

Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from Schwann cells. Approximately 25–45% of all schwannomas occur in the head and neck regions, and the intraoral presentation of these is only 1%. We report a rare case of a patient presenting tongue base schwannoma with characteristic imaging features on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Head ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms ; Neurilemmoma ; Peripheral Nerves ; Schwann Cells ; Tongue