Porencephaly is relatively rare condition defined by an defect or a defect or cavity in the cerebrum owing to a developmental malformation or to a destructive lesion. Fory-five porencephaly patients diagnosed by Brain CT were clinically analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) By the age group presenting initial symptoms, the peak incidence was from 1 month to below 3 years old. 2) In initial symptoms, seizure, spastic weakness, headache were showed in order of frequency. But 7 cases (15.5%) were asymptomatic. 3) The latency of diagnosis after presenting initial symptoms from the symptom onset time to 10 years. 4) The subsequent symptoms were as follows: spastic weakness, speech disturbance, gait disturbance, mental retardation, sensory loss and seizure showed independently or combined. 5) As etiologic factor, 21 cases (46.7%) were congenital, 16 cases (35.5%) were post-traumatic or post-operative and 8 cases (17.8%) were perinatal. 6) The prognosis was seen various from mild to severe. Out of 45 cases, 29 cases (64.4%) were no complications. But the prognosis in patients with post-traumatic or postoperative etiological factors was poor. With the advent of brain CT and the resultant capability of detecting structural defect and cerebral lesions responsible for epilepsy or focal neurologic signs, porencephaly was seen to be readily recongizable by CT examination. Since porencephaly is a significant contributor to the spectrum of CNS lesion and benign condition, ist recognition is important in determining prognosis and therapy.
Brain ; Cerebrum ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Gait ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Spasticity ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Seizures

PURPOSE: To report the treatment results of 7 cases of distal radius nonunion with a review of the relevant literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients treated with an autoiliac bone graft and rigid internal fixation for nonunion of the distal radius were analyzed retrospectively for the cause of injury, the factors affecting nonunion, radiological findings, treatment method and complications. The results were analyzed radiologically using Kreder's method and functionally using the Anderson' protocols. RESULTS: Union was achieved in all cases after a mean period of 19 weeks. The functional result of treatment at the last follow-up was excellent in 4 cases and satisfactory in 3 cases. The probable factors of nonunion were instability of the fracture site in three cases, type II or III open fracture in 2 cases, postoperative infection in one case and idiopathic in one case. CONCLUSION: Infection control using a stepwise operation, rigid internal fixation and autogenous iliac bone graft showed satisfactory results in distal radius nonunion, which had developed in those with severe open fractures, postoperative infection, instability on the fracture site and associated distal ulnar fracture.
Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Radius ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

PURPOSE: High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is used to support infants with severe respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional ventilation (CV). We reviewed chest radiographs before and after HFOV with clinical correlation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS: Eighteen very low birth weight infants with RDS who had HFOV were included in this study. All patients were diagnosed as having RDS clinically and radiologically. Mean gestational age of infants was 27 weeks (range : 24-31 weeks). The mean duration of HFOV was 3 days (range : 14 hours-9 days). The chest radiographs of these infants within 3 hours before and after application of HFOV were retrospectively reviewed. Radiological findings based on aeration and parenchymal densities were classified into improved, no change, and progressed. Medical records were reviewed for FiO2 levels, clinical outcomes, complications, and causes of death. RESULTS: In 15 of 18 infants, aeration and parenchymal densities were improved and FiO2 levels were also improved after HFOV. Four of these 15 infants who showed improvement of radiological findings developed pneumothorax, sepsis, pulmonary or intestinal bleeding, and subsequently died. In remaining 3 infants in whom chest radiographs after HFOV showed no interval change or progression, oxygenation was also worsened and all died. CONCLUSION: Chest radiographs of HFOV-treated, very low birth weight infants showed improvement of aeration and parenchymal densities in most cases. Clinical outcome was good in infants who showed improvement on chest radiographs compared to those of progression group as far as there was no associated complication. Knowledge of radiological changes after HFOV will help in interpretation of chest radiographs in those HFOV-treated infants.
Cause of Death ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Medical Records ; Oxygen ; Pneumothorax ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Ventilation*

BACKGROUND: Recent evidences suggest that anesthetic action within the spinal cord is important in suppressing somatic responses to painful stimuli. Intrathecal endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to have antinociceptive effect. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether intrathecal ET-1 may influence the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in rats and access the role of the spinal cord as the sites of anesthetic action in blocking somatic responsiveness. METHODS: In Sprague-Dawley rats fitted with an indwelling intrathecal catheter, we determined the MAC of isoflurane using a tail-clamp technique as a painful stimulus, combined with end-tidal anesthetic sampling. In experiment 1, the control MAC was determined and changes of control MAC were observed after intrathecal ET-1 (4x10-2 nmol, 4x10-3 nmol) administration. In experiment 2, we observed the effects of L or N type Ca++ channel blocker such as verapamil (50 g) or W-conotoxin (0.5 g) on the MAC after measurement of the control MAC. In experiment 3, after measurement of the control MAC, ET-1 (10-2 nmol) was administered intrathecally and the MAC was determined again. Next, intrathecal verapamil (50 g) or W-conotoxin (0.5 g) was injected. After that, the MAC was determined again. RESULTS: In experiment 1, ET-1 decreased the MAC of isoflurane and its effect was sustained over 2 hours. In experiment 2, the MAC, determined following administration of verapamil or W-conotoxin, was not different from that of the control. In experiment 3, the MAC was decreased after ET-1 administration and then increased following injection of verapamil or W-conotoxin. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that ET-1, in relation to calcium, might play an important role in determining the MAC of isoflurane in the spinal cord.
Animals ; Calcium ; Catheters ; Endothelin-1* ; Isoflurane* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; Verapamil

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Paralysis* ; Tourniquets*

No abstract available.
Melanoma*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find helpful MR findings for predicting a naplastic oligodendrogl lomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 46 MR images and 37 CT scans was performed for 46 patients with pathologically-proven cerebral oligodendrogliomas. A neuropathologist graded the tumors as one of low-grade (n=16), intermediate-grade (n=l2), or anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n=18). MR imaging features were retrospectively analysed with respect to histologic grading of the tumors. RESULTS: Contrast enhancement was observed always in anaplastic group (17 /17), in a portion of intermediate-grade group (4/10) but not in low-grade group (0/14). Peritumoral edema was observed infrequently in anaplastic group (4/18) or intermediate-grade group (1/12). Cystic changes (25/46) or calcifications on CT Scans (14/37) were not related with histologic grading. Grossly identifiable hemorrhage was rare in this series (2/46). Among the various imaging features, only tumor enhancement and peritumoral edema were statistically significant for trend test (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: When considering the diagnosis of oligodendrogliomas, the presence of contrast enhancement or peritumoral edema is a helpful features suggesting anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.
Diagnosis ; Edema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Loma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oligodendroglioma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Infantile myofibromatosis is an uncommon, benign, probably hamai tomatous proliferation of myofibroblasts. This lesions are most often present before the age of 2 years, show a male predomenance and may be multiple or solitary. The solitary lesions arise in the dermis, subcutis, or deep soft tissue, most commonly in the head and neek region or trunk. The elinical coirse is benign and spontaneous regression is not infrequent. A female newborn presented with a turmr lesion on the upper portion of the right eyelid. Physical examination showed a firm, non-tender, fixed, erythematous, 3 x 3cm sized tumor. Histologic examinatign revealed a spindle cell tumor in the deimis with a whorled arrangemant and grouped fescicles. There was no evidence for potential visceval and bony involvement. Follow-up examination at 6 months of aige revealed a remarkable degree of spoitaneous involution.
Dermis ; Eyelids ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Myofibroblasts ; Myofibromatosis ; Physical Examination

No abstract available.
Humans ; Seoul*