The purpose of our study is to evaluate the visual, refractive and IOP results following combined small incision phacoemulsification, foldable lens implantation, and fornix based trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-C. Seventy-six eyes of 64 patients with cataract and glaucoma had undergone the combined procedure. Minimal follow-up period was 6 months(mean 12.8+/-4.8 months). All the eyes that were free of preexisting macular disease and endstage glaucomatous optic nerve damage demonstated significant improvement in visual acuity. Postoperative astigmatisn was negligible(-0.41diopters). The average IOP reduction was 7.7mmHg. Functioning filtrating bleb persisted in 76.3% of the eyes. Complications with this method were not significant compared with other studies reporting the combined procedure. The small incison phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin-C technique that we describe appears to be effective in early restoration of visual acuity and reduction of IOP without significant complications.
Blister ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Optic Nerve ; Phacoemulsification* ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Coronary Aneurysm* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*

No abstract available.

Authors performed Ilizarov treatment for 9 cases of severse knee flexion contracture. The causes of knee flexion contracture were 2 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, 2 cases of malunion of tibia and femur, 2 cases of infection sequelae, and 3 cases of hemophilic arthritis. The preoperative flexion contracture was av. 65.6 degrees(40-90 degrees). We started the correction at postoperative av. 3.88th day(2-12th day) after postoperative pain was controlled. After the deformity was corrected, the frame was left in place for av. 16.6 days(6-42 days). But in 2 cases of malunion of tibia and femur and 1 case of infection sequela, angular deformity and leg length discrepancy were managed after the correction of knee flexion contracture. The postcorrection flexion contracture was av. 2.6 degrees(0-10 degrees). The correction rate was av. 1.71 degrees/day(0.57-4.16 degrees/day) and the duration for correction was av. 51.1 days(12-85 days). After the follow-up period of av. 7.6 months from removal of Ilizarov, flexion contracture was av. 10.0 degrees(0-25 degrees). We conclude that the severe flexion contracture of the knee can be treated successfully with the Ilizarov correction. Limb shortening and neurovascular injuries can be avoided or minimized with the Ilizarov correction for flexion contracture of the knee as apposed to the other method. The recurrence of the flexion contracture of the knee may be prevented with the sufficient maintenance period.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Extremities ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee ; Leg ; Methods ; Pain, Postoperative ; Recurrence ; Tibia

The anterior cruciate ligament has been considered one of the basic stabilizers in the knee as a very complex in its function. A large number of treatment regimens and philosophies showed controversies in its treatment. And we have experienced recurrence of the instability after operation of the injured ligament. So, the authors devised a new operative technique for the loose anterior cruciate ligament, that is, distal davancement of the loose anterior cruciate ligament with a bone-block as a biomechanical fixation. We have performed 11 cases of the anterior cruciate ligament using distal advancement method. The results were as follows; 1. Eleven cases (92%) showed good results by the rating system of Cincinnati sports-medicine and Orthopaedic Center. 2. The distal advancement of the anterior cruciate ligament is technically simple and biomechanically reasonable, but further investigation is necessary to answer the question regarding the long term results.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Philosophy ; Recurrence

Behcet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis involving diverse sizes of arteries and veins. We performed this study to evaluate the vascular changes by assessment of the arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery in Korean patients with BD. Forty-one patients with BD and age-, and sex-matched 53 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Carotid arterial stiffness and IMT were assessed by using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Arterial stiffness parameters such as carotid arterial distensibility coefficient, stiffness index, and incremental elastic modulus (E(inc)) were significantly increased in BD patients compared with those in healthy subjects, but not in IMT. Positive relationship was noted between age and IMT, whereas age of onset was significantly associated with arterial stiffness in BD. This finding suggests impaired endothelial function before visible structural changes of arterial wall in BD. Age and age of onset may be an independent risk factor for carotid IMT and arterial stiffness, respectively. Further studies in more large populations are required to confirm our results.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Arteries/pathology ; Behcet Syndrome/*diagnosis/*pathology ; Carotid Arteries/*pathology ; Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tunica Intima/pathology ; Tunica Media/pathology

BACKGROUND: The interpretation of electrocardiographic change in treadmill exercise test is difficult when the test is performed in patients with abnormal resting electrocardiography. In patients with primary nagative T wave, normalization of primary negative T wave(pseudonormalization)is not uncommon finding during treadmill exercise test. The mechanism of pseudonormalization is uncertain and the interpretation is difficult. Thus this study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of pseudonormalization during treadmill exercise test. METHODS: 200 cases who showed primary negative T wave at rest were included in this study. The results were classified as positive, borderline positive, borderline negative, negative, non-diagnostic and pseudonormalization. RESULTS: Pseudonormalization during treadmill exercise test was oberved in 78(39%) of the 200 cases who had primary negative T wave at rest. Coronary angiography and left ventriculography were performed in 13(mean age 56+/-7 year, male vs. female 1:2.25) of 78 cases who showed pseudonormalization during exercise. They had no history of acute myocardial infarction and no abnormalities such as abnormal Q wave, left ventricular hypertrophy,bundle branch block,right ventricular hypertrophy and QRS widening above 0.1ms in resting electrocardiography. There were significant stenosis in only 3 cases; 2 cases in left anterior descending coronary artery and 1 case in right coronary artery. CONCLUSION: In treadmill exercise tests, pseudonormalization appears as non-specific finding for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease becuase it is observed in either patients with or without coronary artery stenosis.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia*

PURPOSE: The water exchange rate between bulk water and bound water is an important parameter in deciding the efficiency of paramagnetic contrast agents. In this study, we evaluated the water exchange rates of various Gd-chelates using oxygen-17 NMR technique. MATERIAL AND MEHTODS: The samples (Gd-DTPA, Gd-DTPA-BMA, Gd-DOTA, Gd-EOB-DTPA) were prepared by mixing 5% (17)O-enriched water (Isotech, USA). The pH of the samples was adjusted to physiological value (pH=7.0) by buffer solution. The variable temperature (17)O-NMR measurements were performed using Bruker-600 (14.1 T, 81.3 MHz) spectrometer. Bruker VT-1000 temperature control units were used to stabilize the temperature. The (17)O spin-spin relaxation times (T2) were measured using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence with 24 echo trains. The variable temperature T2 relaxation data were then fitted into Solomon-Bloembergen equations using least square fit algorithm to estimate the water exchange times. RESULTS: From the measured (17)O-NMR relaxation rates, the determined water exchange rates at 300K are : 0.42 microsecond for Gd-DTPA, 1.99 microsecond for Gd-DTPA-BMA, 0.27 microsecond for Gd-DOTA, and 0.11 microsecond for Gd-EOB-DTPA. The Gd-DTPA-BMA showed slowest exchange whereas Gd-EOB-DTPA had fastest water exchange rate. In addition, it was found that the water exchange rates of all samples had exponential temperature dependence with different decay constant. CONCLUSION: (17)O-NMR relaxation rate measurements, when combined with variable temperature technique, provide a solid tool for studying water exchange rate, which is very important in investigating the detailed mechanism of relaxation enhancement effect of the paramagnetic contrast agents.
Contrast Media* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Relaxation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate skeletal and dental changes after application of a mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment approach in cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. METHODS: A retrospective study of 34 patients (23 men, 11 women; mean age, 26.2 +/- 6.6 years) with skeletal Class III deformities, who underwent surgery-first orthodontic treatment, was conducted. Skeletal landmarks in the maxilla and mandible at three time points, pre-treatment (T0), immediate-postoperative (T1), and post-treatment (T2), were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated half-cephalograms. RESULTS: The significant T0 to T1 mandibular changes occurred -9.24 +/- 3.97 mm horizontally. From T1 to T2, the mandible tended to move forward 1.22 +/- 2.02 mm, while the condylar position (Cd to Po-perpendicular plane) shifted backward, and the coronoid process (Cp to FH plane) moved vertically. Between T1 and T2, the vertical dimension changed significantly (p < 0.05). Changes in the vertical dimension were significantly correlated to T1 to T2 changes in the Cd to Po-perpendicular plane (r = -0.671, p = 0.034), and in the Cp to FH plane (r = 0.733, p = 0.016), as well as to T0 to T1 changes in the Cp to Po-perpendicular plane (r = 0.758, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Greater alterations in the vertical dimension caused larger post-treatment (T2) stage skeletal changes. Studying the mandibular position in relation to the post-surgical vertical dimension emphasized the integral importance of vertical dimension control and proximal segment management to the success of surgery-first orthodontic treatment.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertical Dimension

OBJECTIVE: To investigate skeletal and dental changes after application of a mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment approach in cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. METHODS: A retrospective study of 34 patients (23 men, 11 women; mean age, 26.2 +/- 6.6 years) with skeletal Class III deformities, who underwent surgery-first orthodontic treatment, was conducted. Skeletal landmarks in the maxilla and mandible at three time points, pre-treatment (T0), immediate-postoperative (T1), and post-treatment (T2), were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated half-cephalograms. RESULTS: The significant T0 to T1 mandibular changes occurred -9.24 +/- 3.97 mm horizontally. From T1 to T2, the mandible tended to move forward 1.22 +/- 2.02 mm, while the condylar position (Cd to Po-perpendicular plane) shifted backward, and the coronoid process (Cp to FH plane) moved vertically. Between T1 and T2, the vertical dimension changed significantly (p < 0.05). Changes in the vertical dimension were significantly correlated to T1 to T2 changes in the Cd to Po-perpendicular plane (r = -0.671, p = 0.034), and in the Cp to FH plane (r = 0.733, p = 0.016), as well as to T0 to T1 changes in the Cp to Po-perpendicular plane (r = 0.758, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Greater alterations in the vertical dimension caused larger post-treatment (T2) stage skeletal changes. Studying the mandibular position in relation to the post-surgical vertical dimension emphasized the integral importance of vertical dimension control and proximal segment management to the success of surgery-first orthodontic treatment.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertical Dimension