PURPOSE: To make the guideline for diagnosis and treatment policy of various hepatocytic nodular lesions detected during the imaging diagnosis of cirrhotic liver and to get our own data about hepatocellular carcinoma based on Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 40 confirmed hepatocellular carcinomas foilwed up with CT more than once without any treatment. Total numbers of follow-up were 50. First, we input the data of initial and follow-up diameter visible on CT images and follow-up interval of each mass to the computer, and got the mean growth rate curve and growth curve of hepatocelluiar carcinoma using a program of Quattro-pro, one of the spreadsheet. And then the doubling time was also calculated using Schwarz's formula. RESULTS: According to the growth rate curve, the tumor under 3 cm in diameter showed relatively show growing pattern but the one above 3 cm in diameter showed rapid growing pattern. Mean growth curve also showed rapid turning point around 3 cm. Overall mean doubling time was 82 days(mean +/- SD = 82.3 +/- 56.2): 119 days in the tumors smaller than 30 mm in diameter, 69 days larger than 30 mm in diameter. CONCLUSION: Hepatocellular carcinoma'is relatively slowly growing tumor and shows rapid increase of its growth rate when it is larger than 30 mm in diameter as a turning point. We think that this fact could make an important role to determine the treatment policy of various hepatocytic nodular lesions suspecting hepatocellular carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Liver ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Mucous Membrane*

To make the objective standard of nuclear size in grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we measured maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections from 65 cases by using computer-based image analysis system (Optimas 6.0). The maximal diameter of red blood cells were also measured to evaluate the ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells. The mean values of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections were 7.56microgram, 7.53microgram in nuclear grade 1, 8.92+/-0.98microgram, 9.02+/-0.74microgram in nuclear grade 2, and 12.90+/-1.47prn, 12.44+/-1.41microgram in nuclear grade 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between values of imprint cytology and histologic section. The ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells were 1.3-1.4:1 in nuclear grade 1, 1.6-1.7:1 in nuclear grade 2, and 2.2-2.3:1 in nuclear grade 3. Ths would be guidelines for grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on routine surgical pathology work.
Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Erythrocytes ; Pathology, Surgical ; Purpura*

Acrylic bone cement is now widely used in surgery for many purposes. Therefore, the effect of bone cement on the growth plate of a growing bone may be an interesting subject, particularly in the orthopedic field. The authors carried out an experiment to study the effect of bone cement on the growth plate of the bone, using 32 growing rabbits weighing from 800 to 1000 gm, which were divided into 2 main groups. In Group I, which was the control group, the growth plates were injured mechanically by inserting a Kirschner wire and a stainless screw, 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm in diameter, respectively, which were then removed. In Group II, the growth plates were also injured by the same method as in Group I, and bone cement was inserted into the holes made by the insertion of the Kirschner wire and the screw. Then the histological findings of the injured plates were studied at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks after injury. Following observations were made. 1. In Group I, in which the growth plates were only mechanically damaged, the histologic changes were localized only in that portion of the plate which had been injured by a wire or a screw, leaving the rest of the plate relatively normal. In Group II, the extent and severity of the injury were more wide and severe. 2. Proliferation of mesenchymal fibroblasts and deformity of the growth plate were more severe in Group II. 3. In both groups the extent and severity of growth plate injury were more marked when injured by a screw.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Fibroblasts ; Growth Plate ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Rabbits

No abstract available.
Lipoma*

No abstract available.
Reproduction*

No abstract available.
Prognosis*

No abstract available.
Fractures, Spontaneous* ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary*

To study the gyrA mutations of E. coli from clinical specimens, 410 strains were isolated from 1994 to 1997 in Kyungpook National Vniversity hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, PCR and sequencing of gyrA, and in vitro induction of quinolone resistance were done. The frequency of quinolone resistant E. coli strains increased constantly during 1994 through 1996. Quinolone-resistant strains were more often resistant to unrelated antibiotics than quinolone-susceptible strains (chi-square test, p<0.05). All of the randomly selected 55 quinolone- resist#ant strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) but had low level resistance to fluoroquinolones. All of the 55 quinolone-resistant strains showed an amino acid substitution of Ser -> Leu (TCG -> TIG) at codon 83. In addition, four different types of amino acid substitution affecting codon 87 (Asp) were detected, 1) type I: Asn (GAC -> AAC); 2) type II: Tyr (GAC -> TAC); 3) type III: Oly (GAC -> GGC); 4) type IV: His (GAC -> CAC). The mutation of type IV has not been reported previously in quinolone-resistant E. coli strains. It is thought that the specific amino acid substitution probably affects minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of quinolones because the MICs of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin in type II were significantly higher than those of type I. By in vitro induction, MICs to quinolone-susceptible strains resulted in the increase in the MICs of all quinolones tested by 2- to 2048-fold. The induced mutants by quinolones had amino acid substitutions at codon 83, SerLeu or Asp87Asn, Gly or Tyr. Alteration of Ser83 results in the most effective increase in the MIC of quinolone such as NAL and alterations of Asp87 result in the effective increase of MIC of fluoroquinolone. These results suggest that the continuous use of quinolones might induce the specific amino acid substitution at gyrA.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ciprofloxacin ; Codon ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nalidixic Acid ; Norfloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Quinolones

No abstract available.
Tricuspid Atresia*