OBJECTIVE: Internal carotid artery (ICA) trunk aneurysms are rare constituting about 0.9 to 6.5% of all ICA aneurysms. They may arise from medial, lateral, ventral (posterior) or dorsal (anterior) walls of ICA. The most frequent site of origin is dorsomedial, followed by dorsal, dorsolateral and ventromedial wall. ICA dorsal wall aneurysms can be divided into the saccular type and blister type, which have different shapes, wall histological features and surgical tactics. The authors report an analysis of 27 cases of ICA trunk aneurysms treated with surgical clipping or GDC embolization. METHODS: Of 145 cases of ICA aneurysms from May 1998 to December 2005, we found 27 cases (17.5%) of such unusual aneurysms located at nonbranching sites of the intradural ICA. Features of neuroimagings and medical records were analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 27 aneurysms, 10 were located at ICA dorsal wall, 8 aneurysms were developed at ICA medialwall. Seven aneurysms originated from ICA ventral wall. Seven cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 20 cases were found unruptured. Two patients had blister-like aneurysm, and the others had saccular aneurysms. All patients were treated successfully with microsurgical clippings or GDC embolization. Microsurgical clipping were performed in 14 cases and among them, removal of anterior clinoid process was done in 12 cases. Eleven aneurysms were occluded with detachabel coil. Two patients underwent balloon occlusion of ICA. Blister aneurysm was clipped including a portion of the normal ICA wall. Good outcomes were obtained in 25 patients, and two patients were dead. CONCLUSION: ICA trunk aneurysms are developed at any site of ICA circumference. Therefore we consider a variety of treatment strategies. On clipping of aneurysms at proximal ICA trunk, removal of anterior clinoid process is important. Endovascular treatment may be good an alternative. However, surgical treatment is essential for blister like aneurysms.
Aneurysm* ; Balloon Occlusion ; Blister ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Medical Records ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Surgical Instruments

No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*

The authors analysed 196 cases of convulsive disorder in children who were admitted to the pediatric department of Kyunghee Hospital from June 1993. Blood samples were drawn immediately following seizures on arrival. Serum prolactin values were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mean serum prolactin value was 55.4+/-20.8ng/ml in generalized seizures within 1 hr following seizures, 22.5+/-3.9ng/ml in partial seizures. There was a significant difference between generalized scizures and partial scizures (p<0.05). 2) Mean serum prolactin value was 23.5+/-9.7ng/ml in generalized seizures within 1~3 hrs following seizures, 10.4+/-4.9ng/ml in partial seizures. There was a significant difference between generalized seizures and partial seizures (p<0.05). 3) Mean serum prolactin value was 9.5+/-4.4ng/ml in generalized seizures 3 hrs following seizures, 9.8+/-4.8ng/ml in partial seizures. There was no significant difference between generalized seizures and partial seizures (p>0.05). We found transient hyperprolactinemia following generalized seizures but a little change following gartial seizures. Postictal elevation of serum prolactin may represent a biochemical marker of generalized and partial seizures.
Biomarkers ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Prolactin* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Cytarabine* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

No abstract available.
Thrombasthenia*

OBJECTIVES: Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) is knoun for its high prevalence and difficulty in evaluation. Authors hypothesized that it may be possible to find useful dimensions of AVH that reflect the clinical status of schizophrenic patients by assessing the multi-dimensional changes and linguistic forms' of AVH during antipsychotic treatment. METHODS: 33 schizophrenic patients with AVH were selected and periodically assessed with the 11 items of hallucinations subscale of 'The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)'. In addition, to assess the linguistic forms observed in the AVH, the evaluations of sentence structure of AVH reported by the patients were conducted. RESULTS: PSYRATS showed the multidimensionality inherent in AVH. The changes in the quantitative dimensions did not correlate well with patients' subjective distress. However, qualitative changes in the cognitive and emotional dimensions showed more favorable correlation with clinical course of the patient. The sentence structures of AVH showed tendency to change from "sentence" to "non-sentence" type with overall improvement during treatment. CONCLUSION: Multi-dimensional approach to AVH can give us more information about the changing patterns of multi-faceted structure of AVH and clinical status of patients than one-dimensional or categorical approach.
Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Prevalence ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) is knoun for its high prevalence and difficulty in evaluation. Authors hypothesized that it may be possible to find useful dimensions of AVH that reflect the clinical status of schizophrenic patients by assessing the multi-dimensional changes and linguistic forms' of AVH during antipsychotic treatment. METHODS: 33 schizophrenic patients with AVH were selected and periodically assessed with the 11 items of hallucinations subscale of 'The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)'. In addition, to assess the linguistic forms observed in the AVH, the evaluations of sentence structure of AVH reported by the patients were conducted. RESULTS: PSYRATS showed the multidimensionality inherent in AVH. The changes in the quantitative dimensions did not correlate well with patients' subjective distress. However, qualitative changes in the cognitive and emotional dimensions showed more favorable correlation with clinical course of the patient. The sentence structures of AVH showed tendency to change from "sentence" to "non-sentence" type with overall improvement during treatment. CONCLUSION: Multi-dimensional approach to AVH can give us more information about the changing patterns of multi-faceted structure of AVH and clinical status of patients than one-dimensional or categorical approach.
Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Prevalence ; Weights and Measures

This is a ease report of intraluminal partial obatructian of an endotracheal tube after cuff ballooing, a complication of a malfunctioned endotracheal tube, This 18 year old female patient with herniated intervertebral disc of L4-5 was anesthetized for archotomy and removal of disc. Aneethesia was maintained with N2O-O2-halothanepancuronium after endotracheal intubation with a Murphy tube. (Porges-Latex-tube No. 7), manufactured in France. A few minutes later, airway obstruction signs such as sudden hypertension, tachycardia, resistance of the researvoir bag in inspiration, and delayed filling time of the reservoir bag in expiration appeared. We suspected kinking of the tube, tubal obstruction from secretions, bronchospasm etc, but we could not find the exact cause of airway obstruction in spite of detailed checking. After recovery of the patient from anesthesia we checked the extubated tube. There was intraluminal partial obstruction of the endotracheal tube according to increase of intracuff volume and pressure because of the thin walled, flexible tube and diffusion of N2O into the cuff. After extubation the patient returned to normal. We surmmerized this case and also reviewed with the literature.
Airway Obstruction ; Anesthesia ; Bronchial Spasm ; Diffusion ; Fallopian Tube Diseases ; Female ; France ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intervertebral Disc ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Tachycardia

The current clinical technique for occlusal vertical dimension recording is based on marking the skin reference points on the patient's face and measuring between these pints using caliper-like device. And it is difficult to achieve reliable measurements by this technique because of movable soft tissue. The purpose of this study is to reveal the stability of skin reference points by comparing the relative movement between extra-oral skin reference points and intra-oral reference points using X-ray fluoroscope. 10 test subjects were divided into 2 groups : Group I (natural dentition) and Group II (denture-wearer whose vertical dimension was lost) and Group III consists of identical test subjects to Group II with their upper denture removed and record base inserted. Attaching the 3mm diameter steel ball to nose tip, chin and to existing denture (or record base), fluoroscopic examination and recording were taken during 2 jaw opening and closing movements. After subsequent digitization using personal compute, 1219 still pictures with 0.1 second interval were made. Using the 2 dimensional graphic software, measurements between reference points were executed. Dividing the entire jaw movement into 3 ranges (total, 1st half opening, 2nd half opening), rate of movement and relative movement between extra-oral and intra-oral reference points were calculated and statistically analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Within the same experimental group, no statistical difference was found in the stability of skin reference between lower lip point and chin point during total range of jaw opening and closing movement (p>.05). 2. In the first half range of jaw opening, statistical difference was found between Group I (natural dentition) and Group II (denture wearer) (p<.05). Group I has greater skin reference stability than Group II. 3. In the first half range of jaw opening, statistical difference was found between Group I and Group III (record base wearer) (p<.05). Group I has greater skin reference stability than Group III. 4. In the first half range of jaw opening, no statistical difference was found in the stability of skin reference between Group II and Group III (p>.05). 5. In the second half range of jaw opening, no statistical difference was found in the stability of skin reference between any experimental groups (p>.05). 6. In patients with their occlusal vertical dimension lost, employing other measuring references rather than skin is recommended because of low stability.
Chin ; Dentures ; Humans ; Jaw* ; Lip ; Nose ; Skin* ; Steel ; Vertical Dimension

Hemoptysis is quite common in primary pulmonary disease, including tyberculosis and carcinoma, as well as in congenital heart disease. Rescently the authors had experienced a case of massive hemoptysis soon after extracorporeal circulation during open heart surgery. The patient had been diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis and triology of Fallot. After surgical procedure for pulomonary stenosis and A.S.D, massive hemoptysis occurred abruptly through the endotracheal tube and B.P. took a sudden fall by 40 Torr/systolic pressure. Bleeding source was proved to be on the left upper lobe. So left upper lobetomy had to be performed to control this massive hemoptysis.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart* ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary