No abstract available.
beta-Glucosidase* ; Gaucher Disease*

PURPOSE: Facial tumor excision is a common cause of lower eyelid defect in old patients. Many methods have been introduced for the reconstruction of lower eyelid. However, conventional surgical method can cause various complications like scar, ectropion and unnatural color matching. Thus, we introduce a simple and aesthetically acceptable method for the reconstruction of lower eyelid defect. METHODS: Three elderly patients with skin cancer in the unilateral lower eyelid were operated by the new method. Following a wide excision of skin cancer, subcilliary incision of lower blepharoplasty was carried out. Elevated skin flap of lower eyelid was redrapped for the correction of defect and the remnant skin from lateral portion of lower eyelid was used for full thickness skin graft(FTSG) to correct the remaining defect. RESULTS: All grafts survived and color match of the graft was excellent without ectropion. Furthermore, wrinkles of the lower eyelid were improved after the blepharoplasty. CONCLUSION: Lower eyelid defect resulting from wide excision of malignant tumor in old patients could be reconstructed successfully by modifying the conventional lower eyelid blepharoplasty along with FTSG using the remnant skin.
Aged ; Blepharoplasty ; Cicatrix ; Ectropion ; Eyelid Neoplasms ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Nevus comedonicus is a rare disease involving abnormal development of the pilosebaceous unit, clinically appearing confluent clusters of open comedones. It is characterized by follicular epidermic invaginations filled with keratin, with atrophic pilose or sebaceous structures which are open to the lower pole of the invagination. We report a child with inflammatory pustules and cysts correlated to the nevus comedonicus. METHODS: A 15-month-old girl was referred for treatment of a nevus comedonicus that has been developed since birth. There were periodic episodes of erythema and swelling of the plaque. The patient had treated previously with retinoid cream for 2 weeks without obvious benefit at dermatology clinic. We excised the nevus comedonicus with Y-shape leaving some lesions. RESULTS: When we incised skin, we could see multiple large whitish cysts beneath the nevus comedonicus. Histopathologic findings showed deep invagination of epidermis filled with keratin plugs, keratinous cyst in the dermis, rudimentary hair follicle. CONCLUSION: We treated rare nevus comedonicus with multiple large cysts as surgical excision.
Child ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Erythema ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratins ; Nevus ; Parturition ; Rare Diseases ; Skin

PURPOSE: Nevus comedonicus is a rare disease involving abnormal development of the pilosebaceous unit, clinically appearing confluent clusters of open comedones. It is characterized by follicular epidermic invaginations filled with keratin, with atrophic pilose or sebaceous structures which are open to the lower pole of the invagination. We report a child with inflammatory pustules and cysts correlated to the nevus comedonicus. METHODS: A 15-month-old girl was referred for treatment of a nevus comedonicus that has been developed since birth. There were periodic episodes of erythema and swelling of the plaque. The patient had treated previously with retinoid cream for 2 weeks without obvious benefit at dermatology clinic. We excised the nevus comedonicus with Y-shape leaving some lesions. RESULTS: When we incised skin, we could see multiple large whitish cysts beneath the nevus comedonicus. Histopathologic findings showed deep invagination of epidermis filled with keratin plugs, keratinous cyst in the dermis, rudimentary hair follicle. CONCLUSION: We treated rare nevus comedonicus with multiple large cysts as surgical excision.
Child ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Erythema ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratins ; Nevus ; Parturition ; Rare Diseases ; Skin

The parasitic infection patterns of the Joseon period have begun to be revealed in a series of paleoparasitological studies. However, parasitism prevailing during or before the Three Kingdom period is still relatively unexplored. In the present study, we therefore conducted parasitological examinations of soil and organic-material sediments precipitated upon human hipbone and sacrum discovered inside an ancient Mokgwakmyo tomb dating to the Silla Dynasty (57 BCE–660 CE). Within the samples, we discovered ancient Ascaris lumbricoides (eggs per gram [EPG], 46.6–48.3) and Trichuris trichiura (EPG, 32.8–62.1) eggs, the species commonly detected among Korean populations until just prior to the 1970s. These findings show that soil-transmitted parasitic infection among the Silla nobility might not have been uncommon. This is the first-ever report on the presence of ancient parasite eggs in the samples obtained from a Three Kingdom period tomb; and it also presents the earliest positive results for any of the ancient South Korean tombs paleoparasitologically examined to date.
Ascaris lumbricoides ; Eggs ; Humans ; Ovum ; Parasites ; Sacrum ; Soil ; Trichuris

We analyzed Clonorchis sinensis ancient DNA (aDNA) acquired from the specimens of the Joseon mummies. The target regions were cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase subunits 2 (NAD2) and 5 (NAD5). The sequences of C. sinensis aDNA was completely or almost identical to modern C. sinensis sequences in GenBank. We also found that ITS1, NAD2 and NAD5 could be good markers for molecular diagnosis between C. sinensis and the other trematode parasite species. The current result could improve our knowledge about genetic history of C. sinensis.
Clonorchis sinensis ; Cytochromes c ; Cytochromes ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; Hydrogen ; Mummies ; NAD ; Niacinamide ; Oxidoreductases ; Parasites ; Republic of Korea

Acanthoparyphium shinanense n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is described from chicks experimentally infected with the metacercariae encysted in 2 brackish water clam species, Ruditapes philippinarum and Coecella chinensis, in the Republic of Korea. The metacercariae were round to oval, armed with 23 collar spines, and 0.216 (0.203-0.226) mm in diameter. From 5 chicks experimentally infected each with 200 metacercariae, 34 juvenile (5-day-old worms) and 104 adult flukes (7-day-old worms) were harvested from their small intestines, with the average worm recovery rate of 13.8%. The adult flukes were 3.18 (2.89-3.55) mm long and 0.68 (0.61-0.85) mm wide, with an elongated, posteriorly tapering body, and a prominent head collar armed with 23 collar spines arranged in a single uninterrupted row. The posterior testis of A. shinanense was longitudinally elongated, which is similar to Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, 1917 but unique from the other closely related species, including Acanthoparyphium tyosenense Yamaguti, 1939, Acanthoparyphium kurogamo Yamaguti, 1939, and Acanthoparyphium marilae Yamaguti, 1934. The eggs of A. shinanense were larger than those of A. spinulosum, and the anterior extent of 2 lateral groups of vitellaria was slightly more limited in A. shinanense than in A. spinulosum. Molecular analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes revealed low homology with A. spinulosum from USA (96.1% in 5.8S rRNA) and Ukraine (97.9% in 28S rRNA), Acanthoparyphium n. sp. from USA (98.0% in 28S rRNA), and Acanthoparyphium sp. from Australia, Kuwait, and New Zealand. Biological characteristics, including its first intermediate host and natural definitive hosts, as well as its zoonotic capability, should be elucidated.

Acanthoparyphium shinanense n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is described from chicks experimentally infected with the metacercariae encysted in 2 brackish water clam species, Ruditapes philippinarum and Coecella chinensis, in the Republic of Korea. The metacercariae were round to oval, armed with 23 collar spines, and 0.216 (0.203-0.226) mm in diameter. From 5 chicks experimentally infected each with 200 metacercariae, 34 juvenile (5-day-old worms) and 104 adult flukes (7-day-old worms) were harvested from their small intestines, with the average worm recovery rate of 13.8%. The adult flukes were 3.18 (2.89-3.55) mm long and 0.68 (0.61-0.85) mm wide, with an elongated, posteriorly tapering body, and a prominent head collar armed with 23 collar spines arranged in a single uninterrupted row. The posterior testis of A. shinanense was longitudinally elongated, which is similar to Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, 1917 but unique from the other closely related species, including Acanthoparyphium tyosenense Yamaguti, 1939, Acanthoparyphium kurogamo Yamaguti, 1939, and Acanthoparyphium marilae Yamaguti, 1934. The eggs of A. shinanense were larger than those of A. spinulosum, and the anterior extent of 2 lateral groups of vitellaria was slightly more limited in A. shinanense than in A. spinulosum. Molecular analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes revealed low homology with A. spinulosum from USA (96.1% in 5.8S rRNA) and Ukraine (97.9% in 28S rRNA), Acanthoparyphium n. sp. from USA (98.0% in 28S rRNA), and Acanthoparyphium sp. from Australia, Kuwait, and New Zealand. Biological characteristics, including its first intermediate host and natural definitive hosts, as well as its zoonotic capability, should be elucidated.

A scalp mass surgically excised from a 4-year-old Korean boy was identified as a tick through histological observations. In sections of the mass, characteristic features of a tick, including its gross contour, cuticular structures, well developed musculature and salivary glands, and the capitulum, were discovered. In particular, the capitulum is anteriorly protruded, which strongly suggests that the specimen be a hard tick of family Ixodidae. However, the present histological features were not enough to determine the genus and species of the tick, because information on sectional morphologies of different tick species is unavailable. This is a rare case of tick infestation on the scalp diagnosed in histological sections.
Tick Infestations/*diagnosis/pathology ; Scalp/*parasitology/*pathology ; Male ; Humans ; Child, Preschool

Analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) extracted from Ascaris is very important for understanding the phylogenetic lineage of the parasite species. When aDNAs obtained from a Joseon tomb (SN2-19-1) coprolite in which Ascaris eggs were identified were amplified with primers for cytochrome b (cyt b) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene, the outcome exhibited Ascaris specific amplicon bands. By cloning, sequencing, and analysis of the amplified DNA, we obtained information valuable for comprehending genetic lineage of Ascaris prevalent among pre-modern Joseon peoples.
Adult ; Animals ; Ascariasis/diagnosis/history/*parasitology ; Ascaris/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Base Sequence ; Cytochromes b/genetics ; DNA Primers/genetics ; DNA, Helminth/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics/history ; Female ; Fossils/history/parasitology ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mummies/history/*parasitology ; Ovum/chemistry/classification ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics