No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Humans ; Psychopathology*

Giant cell tumor is an uncommon primary bone tumor of young adults with the highest incidence in patients 20 to 40 years of age. These tumors are most frequently found in the metaphyseal-epiphyseal region of the long bones, especially around the knee joint and the distal end of the radius. So the normal life expectancy and an active life style of the patient necessitate a reliable and durable surgical remedy for eradicating the tumor and preserving joint function. Furthermore, these have an unpredictable clinical behavior. Although almost always benign, these tumors are locally agressive and tend to have a high rate of rerurrence, and malignant transfomation is well known to be 6 15%. Thus the lesions produce a practically difficult therapeutic problem for the orthopaedic surgeon, and a satisfactory method of treatment has not yet been found. Clinical observations were carried out on 33 cases of giant cell tumor of bone in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine from May 1975 through May 1985, and the following results were obtained. 1. The highest incidence, 23 cases (70%), accurred in the 21 40 year old age group, and the sex distribution was 18 males and 15 females. 2. The most frequent locations were the distal feuiur, proximal tibia and distal radius. Twenty four cases(73%) occurred around the knee joint. 3. The pathologic grading according to Jaffes criteria showed 10 cases(30.3%) in grade I, 20 cases (60.6%) in grade II and 3 cases(9.1%) in grade III. 4. As the primary treatment modality, currettage and bone graft were performed in 9 cases, currettage and bone cementing in 9 cases, amputation or disarticulation in 7 cases, enbloc excision with or without other procedures in 6 cases and currettage and radiotherpy in 2 cases. 5. Eight cases(24.2%) recurred after primary treatment and 6 cases of the 8 recurrences appeared within 2 years after primary treatment. 6. Four of the 9 tumors treated by currettage and bone graft recurred, as did two of the 9 tumors treated by currettage and bone cementing. No recurrence occurred in the 7 tumors treated by amputation or disarticulation. 7. As the secondary treatment modality for 8 recurrences, amputation or disarticulation was performed in 5 cases.
Amputation ; Disarticulation ; Female ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Life Expectancy ; Life Style ; Male ; Methods ; Radius ; Recurrence ; Sex Distribution ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Cadmium (Cd), a toxic and non-essential metal, is recognized as a human carcinogen, which has a tendency to accumulate in the human body. The levels of Cd in renal cortex and liver are good indicators as an index of Cd exposure in the general population. In this study, we present an estimation of reference Cd levels in tissue (renal cortex and liver) and total body burden in the general population of Korea. MEDTHODS: Cd and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in renal cortex and liver from 254 autopsies (male : 188 cases, female : 66 cases) aged 0 to 87 years. RESULTS: Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 27.4 and 3.1 ua/g wet weight in renal cortex and liver, respectively. The level of Zn in renal cortex and liver was 35.4 and 42. 6 v/g wet weight, respectively. The result suggests that kidney is the target organ for Cd accumulation. The accumulation of Cd in renal cortex was age-dependent with a biphasic pattern. The level of Cd in renal cortex increased with age up to the fifties, and then leveled off thereafter. Based on the data, the regression model for Cd accumulation in renal cortex by age is predicted by : Log KCd = 0. 2325 + 0. 0553 Age 0. 0005 Age. The highest Cd accumulation in renal cortex of Koreans was estimated at 43. 3 ua/g wet weight at 50. 8 years old. In addition, the total Cd body burden by age was estimated by the following equation: Total Cd Body Burden = -4. 5948 + l. 2278 Age - 0. 0121 Age. The highest body burden of Cd was estimated at 26. 5 mg at age 50. 7 years in the Korean general population. The positive correlation between Zn and Cd was observed in renal cortex and liver. CONCLUSIONS: The level of Cd exposure in Korean was found to be lower than in Japanese, but same as or higher than in American and Europeans.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Autopsy ; Body Burden ; Cadmium* ; Child ; Female ; Human Body ; Humans ; Kidney Cortex ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Liver* ; Reference Values* ; Zinc

Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg CdCl2/kg by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in blood were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to metallothionein(MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(microgram MT/microgram Cd) was greater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.
Animals ; Cadmium Chloride ; Cadmium* ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Metallothionein* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis

BACKGROUND: The afferent and efferent pathways of fentanyl cough response (FCR) and central organization are poorly understood at present. The aim of this study was to investigate the pretreatment effects of morphine, propofol, atropine, and midazolam on FCR. METHOD: The 120 healthy patients were randomly assigned to six equal pretreatment groups. They received 2ug/kg fentanyl rapidly through a peripheral venous catheter. The patients in each group were pretreated before the time necessary for peak plasma levels with different drugs as follows: group 1, no premedication; group 2, morphine 0.05 mg/kg iv; group 3, morphine 0.05 mg/kg iv naloxone 0.01mg/kg iv; group 4, propofol 0.5 mg/kg iv; group 5, atropine 0.01 mg/kg iv; group 6, midazolam 0.05 mg/kg iv. The patients were observed for any coughing or side effects, including oxygen desaturation, bronchoconstriction, chest wall rigidity and seizure. RESULT: 40% of patients in group 1 (control) had a cough response to fentanyl. Group 2 (morphine) and group 3 (morphine naloxone) showed a reduced FCR of 10%. The incidence of coughing was 60% of the patients in group 4 (propofol), 30% in group 5 (atropine), and 40% in group 6 (midazolam). These were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: FCR is not altered by pretreatment with propofol, atropine, or midazolam, but morphine inhibits cough response and this antitussive effect was not antagonized by naloxone.
Atropine* ; Bronchoconstriction ; Catheters ; Cough* ; Efferent Pathways ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Midazolam* ; Morphine* ; Naloxone ; Oxygen ; Plasma ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Seizures ; Thoracic Wall

Angioma serpiginosum is a rare acquired naevoid disorder, characterized by minute red or purple punta that are frequently arranged in serpiginous patterns in the lower extremities and buttocks. It usually begins in childhood and is more common in females. Histopathologically, thin-walled capillaries in the dermal papillae and the superficial reticular dermis are widely dilated without extravasation of red blood cells. We report a case of angioma serpiginosum on the lateral aspect of the right arm along the lines of Blaschko in a 36-year-old woman.
Adult ; Arm ; Buttocks ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity

PURPOSE: We performed the study prospectively to evaluate the advantage of fat suppression MR in the diagnosis of rotator cuff injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten symptomatic patients were studied with both conventional T2WI and FST2WI using chemical shift technique. Each image was analyzed for the assessnent of injuries, conspicuity of the lesion, the presence of effusion in subacromial bursae and joint space, and presence of humeral head injury. Arthroscopy was done in 4 patients following MRI. RESULTS: We could made presumptive diagnoses on FSMR as identical as on conventional MR in six cases(1 normal, 2 tendinitis, 2 partial thickness tear, 1 full thickness tear), two of them were confirmed by arthroscopic procedures. Two cases of partial thickness tear proved by arthroscopy were detected on FST2WI, whereas they were considered tendinitis on conventional T2Wl. There were another 2 cases who showed tendinitis on FSMR, but normal on conventional T2Wl. They, however, were not confirmed by either arthroscopy or surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: We found the FSMR were superior to conventional T2Wl in the conspicuity of lesions and detection of joint effusion and abnormalities on the humeral head. We think FSMR of the shoulder could have significant diagnostic advantages over the conventional spin-echo MR imaging.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Tendinopathy

INTRODUNTION: The objective of the present study was to investigate bedtime, rise time and time-in-bed of Korean college students, separately on weekday and on weekend and to compare them. In addition, this study also aimed to evaluate the influence of gender, age and grade on the above sleep parmeters in Korean college students. METHODS: Information regarding bedtime and rise time, separately on weekday and on weekend, of Korean college students were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires of 1,825 students (1,416 females and 409 males, age 18-30 ; mean age 21.1+/-2.2) were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Korean college students retired to bed 50 minutes later (00 : 49 on weekday ; 01 : 40 on weekend ; t=39.67, p<0.001), rose 1 hour 58 minutes later (07 : 52 on weekday ; 09 : 50 on weekend ; t=39.46, p<0.001), and slept 1 hour 8 minutes longer (t=13.33, p<0.001) on weekend. Compared to male students, female students had earlier rise time (t=8.96, p<0.01 ; t=3.89, p<0.01) and earlier bedtime both on weekday and weekend (t=7.10, p<0.01; t=6.04, p<0.01), and shorter time-in-bed on weekday (t=1.99, p<0.01). In addition, rise time delay and time-in-bed increase on weekend were more prominent in female students than in male students (t=3.41, p<0.01 ; t=3.68, p<0.01). Grade was correlated with bedtime and rise time on weekday (beta=0.1022, p<0.01 ; beta=0.1009, p<0.01), bedtime and time-in-bed on weekend (beta=0.1096, p<0.01 ; beta=-0.0990, p<0.01), and differences between weekday and weekend of the rise time and the time-in-bed (beta=-0.0906, p<0.01 ; beta=-0.1115, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, Korean college students had earlier bedtime/rise time and shorter time-in-bed on weekday than on weekend. These findings suggest that weekday sleep-wake schedule of Korean college students may be advanced relative to their biological sleep-wake cycle and that this discrepancy may be associated with weekday sleep deprivation. In addition, differences of sleep patterns between weekday and weekend were more prominent in female students and students with lower grade. Therefore, discrepancy between weekday sleep-wake schedule and biological sleep-wake cycle, as well as weekday sleep deprivation, might be more serious in female or lower-grade students.
Appointments and Schedules ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Deprivation

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy*

From September 1992 to April 1994, we reviewed 7 patients after arthroscopic surgery for anterior impingement in the ankle, who complained ankle pain and limitation of motion. All patients were mem and main symptoms were severe pain at full dorsiflexion of ankle and limitation of motion. Bony spur was located on the anterior aspect of tibia, and it was possible to resect the tibial bony spur arthroscopically without distraction devices. Mean operation time was 55 minutes. Pain, swelling and limitation of motion were much improved. There was no postoperative complication. Arthroscopic resection of the anterior tibial bony spur is an effective treatment for anterior impingement in the ankle.
Ankle ; Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Tibia