No abstract available.
Child* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans

The purpose of this study is to evaluate pulsed Doppler echocardiographic method (PD) for the measurement of pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (QP/Qs) and pulmonary arterial pressure in children. We studied 32 children with left to right shunt who had undergone cardiac catheterization, 11 children who had heart diseases without shunt and 14 normal children. Velocity time intergral (VTI) was calculated by triangulated meansurement [1/2(maximum blood velocityxejection time)]. Doppler blood flow was calculated from the equation : Doppler blood flow=VTIxcross sectional areaxheart rate. The following Doppler time intervals and ratio of intervals were also measured : preejection period(PEP), acceleration time(AT), ejection time (ET), PEP/AT, PEP/ET and AT/ET. Qp/Qs measured by PD was 1.09+/-0.15 (mean+/-SD) in children with no shunt and normal children. A high correlation was found between Fick and Doppler-derived Qp/Qs in children with left to right shunt (r=0.87). All the children with Qp/Qs less than 1.5 showed no significant discrepancy between two methods. The best correlation with pulmonary arterial pressure was achieved by the PEP/AT (r=0.84 vs systolic pressure). Sensitivity and specificity of PEP/AT for predicting pulmonary arterial hypertension were 79% and 95%, respecitively. In conclusion, it is thought that determination of Qp/Qs and prediction of pulmonary arterial pressure in children by PD is a useful, noninvasive method and triangulated measurement may be used as a simple and easy method for the measurement of Qp/Qs.
Acceleration ; Arterial Pressure* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Child* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed* ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Vena Cava, Inferior*

No abstract available.
Angioplasty, Balloon* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Angioplasty, Balloon* ; Child* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans

The systolic time intervals were measured on 388 normal chidren, ranging from 8 months to 15years of age by using simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid or axillary arterial pulse. The statistical methods were applied to study the influence of age, sex and heart rate(HR) on these intervals. The results were as follows. 1. The regression equation of QS2was -1. 60HR+480+/-16 msec in males and -1.68HR+492+/-15 msec in females, respectively. 2. The regression equation of LVET was -1. 13 HR+359+/-10 msec in males and -1.21 HR+369+/-13 msec in females, respectively. 3. The regression equation of PEP was -0.58 HR+133+/-9 msec in males and -0.58 HR+128+/-9 msec in females, respectively. 4. The PEP/IVET ratio was 0.29+/-0.04 in males and 0.30+/-0.06 in females. 5. There was no sex difference in various systolic time intervals, and age had a slight influence but it was negligible for clinical use. 6. According to the regression equations of QS2, LVET, and PEP to the heart rate, QS2, and LVET were found to be more inversely correlated with heart rate than PEP.
Child* ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Systole*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Bone Marrow Cells* ; Bone Marrow* ; Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Echocardiography* ; Ventricular Function, Left*

No abstract available.
Hodgkin Disease*