Four compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the bark of Alseodaphnehainanensis Merr. , The structures were identified as: a neolignan eusiderin A [(7R, 8R)-3,4,5,3′-tetram-ethox-△8’，9’-8-o-4’，7-o-5’lignan]（I）two benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolinyl)-(4′-methoxyphenyl) methanone(Ⅱ), and( 6, 7-methylenedioxyisoquinolinyl )-( 4′-methoxyphenyl ) methanone (Ⅲ), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid ( Ⅳ ) on the basis of HR-SIMS，1HNMR，13CNMRand 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis. CompoundsⅠ～Ⅲ were obtained from the Alseodaphne genus forthe first time.

Objective To investigate the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the pathogenesis of TWP in treatment of RA.Methods A rat model of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was developed and CIA rats were divided into the model group, the TWP group, the MTX group and the combination treatment group. And the tissues and blood were drawn from the rats 4 weeks later. HMGB1 expression in synovium, joint and the sera were tested by immunohistochemical stain and ELISA. Results HMGB l expression of the model in the synovium, joint and serum [(23.8±2.2) ng/ml] were remarkably higher than the control [(7.4±1.6) ng/ml] (P＜0.01); HMGB1 expression of the treatment groups in synovium, joint and serum [ (13.3±3.1), (17.4±4.9), (11.7±1.5 ) ng/ml]is obviously lower than the model (P＜0.01), and were higher than that of the controls(P＜0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 participates in the hyperplasia of synovial membrane, cartilage and bone destruction of CIA. The molecular mechanism for the TWP and MTX in the trentment of synovitis and bone destruction of RA is correlated with the expression of HMGB1.

Objective To observe the effect of osteopontin (OPN) and integrin αtvβ3 in collageninduced arthritis (CIA) and the possible mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods CIA rats model were developed and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the TWP group.And tissue samples were obtained 4 weeks later.Then the expressions of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the synovium,synovium fluid and serum of each group were determined by immunohistochemical stain and ELISA.Variance analysis was used for data analysis.Results The concentrations of OPN of the normal controls,experimental group and the TWP group in the serum were (5.7±2.9), (7.8±6.2), (5.0±1.9) ng/ml respectively and there were significant differences between these 3 groups (F=6.74,P=0.016).The concentration of OPN (measured by mean grey value) in the synovium and cartilage of the three groups were 229±15,81±15,93±13 and 211±17,91±19,100±15 and there were significant differences between the three groups (F=52.48,P＜0.01; F=18.98,P=0.01).The concentrations of protein αvβ3 (measured by mean grey value) in the synovium and cartilage were 235±16,91±16,131±14 and 198±10,99±15,113±14,respectively and there were significant differences between the three groups (F=23.03,P=0.002; F=12.04,P=0.008).The expressions of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the synovium,synovium fluid and serum of the experimental group were markedly higher than that of the controls.The expressions of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the synovium,synovium fluid and serum of the treatment group were obviously lower than the experimental group.Conclusion OPN and integrin αtvβ3 are involved in the hyperplasia of the synovium,cartilage and bone destruction in CIA rats.The underlying molecular mechanism that TWP is effective in treating synovitis and bone destruction of RA is possibly related to down-regulation of the expression of OPN protein and integrin αvβ3.

Mesenehymal stem cells(MSCs)have been successfully isolated from almost all tissues in Mammals,and their multi-lineage differentiation ability leads to the attractive application of MSCs in regenerative medicine.More understanding of the biological characteristics of MSCs,the interaction between MSCs and the local environment,the molecules regulating MSC homing and differentiation have been achieved,which will benefit the effective clinical trials using MSCs as repair cells and/or vehicles for exogenous genes.

BACKGROUND: At present, after transplantation of small diameter artificial blood vessel, long-term patency rate is low due to being lacking of endothelial cells for lining and anti-thrombus characters. In some studies,mature endothelial cells were tried to be seeded in the artificial vessel to boost up its anti-thrombus capability so as to improve the long-term patency rate, but we got unsatisfied effect due to the defects of seed cells and scaffolds. Therefore, in clinic, proper seed cells and vascular scaffolds have been searched for improving the long-term low pateney rate in transplantation of small diameter artificial blood vessel.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility that differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells induced in vitro into endothelial-progenitor cells (EPCs) and seed polyurethane small diameter artificial blood vessel so as to provide proper seed cells for endotheliazation of polyurethane small diameter artificial blood vessel.DESIGN: Observation experiment SETTING: Cardivascular Medical Department and Staff Room of Immunology, First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University MATERILAS: This experiment was carried out at the First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University from September 2004 to May 2005. About 10 mL of bone marrow from healthy adult volunteers (n=7) was used in this experiment.METHODS: Bone marrow mononuclear cells of healthy adult were collected and put in the fibronectin pre-coated DMEM culture medium, then induced by vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Induced cells were observed under fluorescence microscope and identified with immunohistochemical staining. The induced and proliferated EPCs were seeded onto the surface of polyurethane small diameter artificial blood vessel. Morphological change was observed under scanning electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Cellular morphological change.② Staining results of immunohistochemical VWF and CD 34 antibody . ③ Adhesive growth status of EPCs on the polyurethane small diameter artificial blood vessel RESULTS: ① In the vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor and other inducers , bone marrow mononuclear cells differentiated into EPCs , presenting typical "spindle-shaped" appearance under an inverted fluorescence microscope and became to form a monolayer that arrayed in "cobblestone-like" ② Immunohistochemical staining showed von willebrand factor(VWF) and CD34 antigen stained positive. ③ Under the scanning electron microscope, surface of polyurethane small diameter artificial blood vessel without seeded cells presented typical polyporous honeycomb-like structure , and the size of hole suited the crawling of EPCs. After seeding the cells, we observed the adhesion, crawling and spreading of the EPCs on the surface of polyurethane small diameter artificial blood vessel. Some EPCs grew into the honeycomb-like holes were seen occasionally.CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mononuclear cells can be induced and differentiated into EPCs, while induced and differentiated EPCs well grow adhesively in the polyurethane small diameter artificial vessels, suggesting that differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells induced in vitro into EPCS, which can be used as seed cells for endothelialization of polyurethane small diameter artificial blood vessels.

OBJECTIVE: To study the optimum supercritical- fluid extraction technique for Xiangjiang Granula essential oil. METHODS: The orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the extraction process using the content of Ligustilide and the yield rate of essential oil as indicators, and 95% ethanol as co- solvents. The content of Ligustilide was determined by HPLC, using Phenomenex Luna C18( 250nm? 4. 6nm, 5? m) as column and methanol- 0. 5% glacial acetic acid( 30∶ 70) as mobile phase, with the detection wavelength set at 280 nm. RESULTS: The optimal extraction conditions were: temperature at 50℃ , pressure at 45MPa, extraction time for 3h, and 95% ethanol as co- solvents. The Ligustilide had a good linearty relationship between 5. 1～ 25. 5? g? mL- 1( r=0. 999 8) . CONCLUSIONS: This technique is easy, convenient and workable, and can provide theoretical support for production.

According to the 2010 Chinese pharmacopeia, salt processed and charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex were pre- pared. HPLC-DAD analysis of the content of the bark and leaf of Eucommiae Cortex showed that the bark of Eucommiae Cortex mainly contained lignans such as pinoresinol glucose and iridoid including genipin, geniposide, geniposidic acid, while the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex consisted of flavonoids such as quercetin and phenolic compound such as chlorogenic acid. The content of pinoresinol diglucoside in the bark of Eucommiae Cortex was about 18 times more than that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of pinoresinol diglucoside in salted and charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex decreased approximately by 30% and 85%, respectively. The content of genipin, geniposide and geniposidic acid in the bark of Eucommiae Cortex was about 3 times, 23 times, 28 times more than that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of genipin, geniposide and geniposidic acid in salted Eucommiae Cortex were reduced by 25%, 40% and 40%, respectively. The content of genipin, geniposide and geniposidic acid in charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex were reduced by 98%, 70%, 70%, respectively. The content of caffeic acid in bark of Eucommiae Cortex was about 3 times more than that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of caffeic acid was decreased by about 50% in the salted Eucommiae Cortex. While the content of caffeic acid in charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex was decreased approximately 75%; the content of chlorogenic acid in bark of Eucommiae Cortex was about 1/6 of that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of chlorogenic acid in salted and charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex decreased by 40% and 75%, respectively; the content of quercetin in bark of Eucommiae Cortex was only 1/40 of that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of quercetin in salted and charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex were reduced by 60% and 50%, respectively.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Eucommiaceae ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

Objective To understand health literacy levels in elderly people aged 60 years and above in Hunan, and explore factors related to health literacy.Methods Hunan residents aged 60 years and above were randomly recruited by the multistage stratified cluster sampling method.A total of 611 elderly people from 13 counties of Hunan were included in the study, which was conducted through questionnaires.Results The median health literacy score for elderly people aged 60 years and above was 51.00 (4-90), and it was lower than that for people under 60 years old, which was 56.00.Single factor analysis found that education level, occupation, number of family members, and household income each had an influence on health literacy scores (H=59.526, 20.609, 17.214, and 50.749, respectively;P=0.000, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.000, respectively).The number of people with basic health literacy accounted for 10.6％ (65/611) of the total.Multiple logistic regression analysis found that chronic disease was a factor affecting basic health literacy.Compared with elderly people without chronic diseases, a higher percentage of people with basic health literacy was among elderly people with chronic diseases (OR =1.870, 95％ CI: 1.037-3.373).Conclusions The health literacy level is lower in elderly people aged 60 years and above than those under 60 years old in Hunan.Only 10.6％ (65/611) of them show basic health literacy.Education level, occupation, number of family members, and household income are the factors related to health literacy.Health education about healthy lifestyle and behavior as well as chronic disease prevention and control should be increased in order to improve the health literacy level in elderly people.

Objective To investigate the treatment and prevention strategies of hematomas in operation area after anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylosis.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 12 with hematoma compression in operation area out of 785 patients managed by anterior cervical surgery from January 2007 to July 2013,including 10 males and 2 females at age ranging from 40-71 years (mean 56.8 years).Surgery method was anterior cervical corpectomy and interbody fusion using titanium mesh cage plus plate and intraoperative blood loss was 300-1 200 ml.Primary clinical manifestations were neurological dysfunction in 5 patients,dyspnea in 6,and both neurological dysfunction and dyspnea in 1.There were 10 patients with the presence of symptoms at postoperative 0.5-22 hours,1 at postoperative 73 hours,and 1 at postoperative 74 hours.All the 12 patients underwent a second anterior cervical exploration.Results There were 5 patients with epidural hematoma,6 with subcutaneous hematoma,and 1 with both hematomas.After surgical interventions,the patients presented improvement in respiratory and neurological function,with inapparent respiratory abnormality and improved neurological function at discharge.One patient was died of cardiovascular-associated disease after being discharged from hospital.The left 11 patients were followed up for mean 19.8 months (range,6-43 months),with improved Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score at final follow-up.Conclusions Hematoma took place frequently in the early period,especially within 24 hours in operation area after anterior approach to cervical disorders and close attention should be paid to respiratory and limb sensation and motion functions.Early detection and early surgical interventions are the key countermeasures to avoiding the severe results.

Objective To investigate the methods and effects of posterior fixation and fusion in treatment of complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation.Methods The study enrolled 8 cases of complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation treated by posterior fixation and fusion with pedicle screwrod system between January 2006 and December 2012.There were 7 males and 1 female,at mean age of 31.9 years (range,19-49 years).Mean time interval between injury and surgery was 8.1 days (range,4-12 days).Fracture-dislocation classification was AO type C,Denis three-column injury,and Meyerding grade V.According to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA),there 5 cases at grades A,1 at grade B,1 at grade C 1 at grade E.Fracture-dislocation segments included T5-T6 in 1 case,T12-L1 in 3,L1-L2 in 2,L3-L4 in 1 and L4-L5 in 1.Results Mean duration of surgery was 220.6 minutes (range,135-335 minutes) and mean intraoperative blood loss was 1 150 ml (range,500-2 400 ml).Seven cases sustained dural laceration during the operation,which were sutured or covered with autologous fat grafts,but 3 of them were subjected to cerebrospinal fluid leakage and healed after conservative therapy.Anatomic reduction was achieved in 6 cases,partial reduction in 1 and non-reduction in 1.Mean Cobb angle improved from 29.3 ° (range,8 °-51 °) preoperatively to 1.9 ° (range,-5°-10 °) postoperatively.After a mean follow-up of 39.3 months (range,2-76 months),2 cases were recovered from preoperative ASIA grade A and B to C respectively and 6 cases (4 A,1 C,1 E) revealed no significant improvement.There was no implant loosening or breakage.One case was died of lung-related complications at postoperative 4 years.One case sustained lumbar deep infection at postoperative 3 weeks and managed by debridement,irrigation,drainage and implant retention.Conclusion Posterior fixation and fusion is the general treatment principle for complete thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation,but the degree of reduction depends on severity of the injured spinal cord.