No abstract available.
Colon* ; Humans* ; Morphine* ; Naloxone* ; Perfusion*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ischemia* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Reperfusion*

PURPOSE: To describe the early experience of analyzing variations and time trends in bladder volume of the rectal cancer patients who received bladder ultrasound scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 20 consecutive rectal cancer patients who received whole pelvic radiotherapy (RT) and bladder ultrasound scan between February and April 2012. Before simulation and during the entire course of treatment, patients were scanned with portable automated ultrasonic bladder scanner, 5 times consecutively, and the median value was reported. Then a radiation oncologist contoured the bladder inner wall shown on simulation computed tomography (CT) and calculated its volume. RESULTS: Before simulation, the median bladder volume measured using simulation CT and bladder ultrasound scan was 427 mL (range, 74 to 1,172 mL) and 417 mL (range, 147 to 1,245 mL), respectively. There was strong linear correlation (R = 0.93, p < 0.001) between the two results. During the course of treatment, there were wide variations in the bladder volume and every time, measurements were below the baseline with statistical significance (12/16). At 6 weeks after RT, the median volume was reduced by 59.3% to 175 mL. Compared to the baseline, bladder volume was reduced by 38% or 161 mL on average every week for 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study is the first to prove that there are bladder volume variations and a reduction in bladder volume in rectal cancer patients. Moreover, our results will serve as the basis for implementation of bladder training to patients receiving RT with full bladder.
Humans ; Observer Variation ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Ultrasonics ; Urinary Bladder

Induced activation of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABA(A)) receptor in the retina of goldfish caused the fish to rotate in the opposite direction to that of the spinning pattern during an optomotor response (OMR) measurement. Muscimol, a GABA(A) receptor agonist, modified OMR in a concentration-dependent manner. The GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen and GABA(C) receptor agonist CACA did not affect OMR. The observed modifications in OMR included decreased anterograde rotation (0.01~0.03 micrometer), coexistence of retrograde rotation and decreased anterograde rotation (0.1~30 micrometer) and only retrograde rotation (100 micrometer~1 mM). In contrast, the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline blocked muscimolinduced retrograde rotation. Based on these results, we inferred that the coding inducing retrograde movement of the goldfish retina is essentially associated with the GABA(A) receptor-related visual pathway. Furthermore, from our novel approach using observations of goldfish behavior the induced discrete snapshot duration was approximately 573 ms when the fish were under the influence of muscimol.
Baclofen ; Bicuculline ; Clinical Coding ; Cytarabine ; Goldfish ; Injections, Intraocular ; Muscimol ; Receptors, GABA ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Retina ; Visual Pathways

PURPOSE: To examine the occurrence and risk factors of decompensation and the additional treatment of increased hyperopia in refractive accommodative esotropia. METHODS: Seventy children with refractive accommodative esotropia were followed up for at least 2 years. Time of decompensation and additional treatment, initial refractive error, initial deviation, and controlled deviation were all studied. RESULTS: Decompensation and additional treatment occurred on average at 21.8 months and 22.2 months in eight patients, respectively, and constant survival was achieved after 4 years of full correction of the refractive error, as shown on a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. In the decompensation, additional treatment and control groups, initial refractive errors were 3.97+/-1.07D, 4.06+/-1.92D and 4.60+/-1.29D, respectively; initial deviations were 36.25+/-12.75PD, 31.25+/-10.61PD and 26.02+/-8.62PD, respectively; and controlled deviations were 4.50+/-6.30PD, 4.50+/-4.63PD and 2.65+/-4.10PD, respectively. There was a significant difference in initial deviation between the decompensation and control groups (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of decompensation and increased hyperopia warranted careful follow-up in the first 4 years after treatment, and patients with large initial deviation risked decompensation.
Child ; Esotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Refractive Errors ; Risk Factors*

We managed four cases of anesthesia for liver transplantation from August, 1992 to January, 1993. Four recipients, all male patients and ages of 40th, were suffered from liver cirrhosis related to Chronic hepatitis B and one recipient (case 1) was diagnosed as combined hepatocellular carcinoma. Operation risks by Pugh's classification were 10 (case 1), 8 (case 2), 7 (case 3) and 12 (case 4). Duaration of anesthesia was in the range of 13 to 22.5 hours. Various hemodynamic monitorings were observed and anesthetic managements were uneveritful. C.O., SVR, temperature and coagulation factors were analyzed. 2 patients (case 1 & 4) were expired due to acute rejection (case 1) and primary non-function of the grafted liver (case 4) postoperatively.
Anesthesia ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Classification ; Hemodynamics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Male ; Transplants

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) causes arrythmia, myocarditis, atrial hemorrhage, and heart failure as a cardiac complication. But, acute myocardial infarction has not been reported yet in patient with HFRS. We here report a case of acute myocardial infarction in a young adult with HFRS. A 43-year-old man was admitted with high fever and petechiae in the trunk and extremities. He had no history of hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. Initial electrocardiographic finding was normal. On the 4th hospital days, sudden cardiac arrest developed and he recovered promptly with cardioversion. After recovery, electrocardiography revealed ST segment elevation in II, III, and aVF. Cardiac enzymes (CPK, LDH, CK-MB, and troponin-I) were also elevated. Echocardiography showed akinesia of inferior wall of heart. He was treated with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltraion but he expired due to multiorgan failure on the 12th hospital days.
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Echocardiography ; Electric Countershock ; Electrocardiography ; Extremities ; Fever ; Hantaan virus ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocarditis ; Purpura ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Several authors have reported excellent results of delayed reconstruction of non-union & malunion in displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle and these results were equal to that of immediate fixation. But direct comparison between these treatments is rare. We evaluated the results between the immediate fixation group and delayed reconstruction group for treating displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the results of 18 cases with immediate fixation of displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle and 15 cases with delayed reconstruction of non-union & malunion after conservative management, and these cases were seen from March 2000 to February, 2006. The final postoperative outcome was analyzed according to the clinical outcomes with using the Constant score and the radiological findings of bony union. RESULTS: The constant score was low in the delayed reconstruction group compare to that of the immediate fixation group (p value=0.045). For the pain score & the activities of daily living score, a statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups (p<0.05), but not for the range of motion score & the power score (p>0.05). Radiological findings of bony union were seen for both groups at an average of 8.8 weeks for the immediate fixation group and at an average of 9.8 weeks for the delayed reconstruction group. CONCLUSION: Though the delayed reconstruction group was shown good clinical and radiological results, the immediate fixation group had a significantly better pain score, a better activities of daily living score and a better Constant score. It is important to choose the initial treatment option for displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle after sufficient explanation to patients about the merits and demerits between these two treatment options
Activities of Daily Living ; Clavicle ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular

A new radiopharmaceutical, technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime(99mTc-HMPAO), has been reported to cross the blood-brain-barrier and to distribute in brain in proportion to regional blood flow. Measurement of cerebral blood flow with single photon emixxion computed tomography(SPECT) was performed using 99mTc-HMPO in 46 patients and clinical analysis was done. Decreased regional cerebral perfusion was observed in 41 cases. Moreover eight cases of them who had normal X-ray C-T scan revealed positive finding on SPECT. We porpose that 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT seems to be a useful diagnostic method for evaluation of ischemic cerebral lesions.
Brain ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Perfusion ; Regional Blood Flow ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime* ; Thalamic Diseases* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*