No abstract available.
Colon* ; Humans* ; Morphine* ; Naloxone* ; Perfusion*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ischemia* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Reperfusion*

PURPOSE: To describe the early experience of analyzing variations and time trends in bladder volume of the rectal cancer patients who received bladder ultrasound scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 20 consecutive rectal cancer patients who received whole pelvic radiotherapy (RT) and bladder ultrasound scan between February and April 2012. Before simulation and during the entire course of treatment, patients were scanned with portable automated ultrasonic bladder scanner, 5 times consecutively, and the median value was reported. Then a radiation oncologist contoured the bladder inner wall shown on simulation computed tomography (CT) and calculated its volume. RESULTS: Before simulation, the median bladder volume measured using simulation CT and bladder ultrasound scan was 427 mL (range, 74 to 1,172 mL) and 417 mL (range, 147 to 1,245 mL), respectively. There was strong linear correlation (R = 0.93, p < 0.001) between the two results. During the course of treatment, there were wide variations in the bladder volume and every time, measurements were below the baseline with statistical significance (12/16). At 6 weeks after RT, the median volume was reduced by 59.3% to 175 mL. Compared to the baseline, bladder volume was reduced by 38% or 161 mL on average every week for 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study is the first to prove that there are bladder volume variations and a reduction in bladder volume in rectal cancer patients. Moreover, our results will serve as the basis for implementation of bladder training to patients receiving RT with full bladder.
Humans ; Observer Variation ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Ultrasonics ; Urinary Bladder

Induced activation of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABA(A)) receptor in the retina of goldfish caused the fish to rotate in the opposite direction to that of the spinning pattern during an optomotor response (OMR) measurement. Muscimol, a GABA(A) receptor agonist, modified OMR in a concentration-dependent manner. The GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen and GABA(C) receptor agonist CACA did not affect OMR. The observed modifications in OMR included decreased anterograde rotation (0.01~0.03 micrometer), coexistence of retrograde rotation and decreased anterograde rotation (0.1~30 micrometer) and only retrograde rotation (100 micrometer~1 mM). In contrast, the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline blocked muscimolinduced retrograde rotation. Based on these results, we inferred that the coding inducing retrograde movement of the goldfish retina is essentially associated with the GABA(A) receptor-related visual pathway. Furthermore, from our novel approach using observations of goldfish behavior the induced discrete snapshot duration was approximately 573 ms when the fish were under the influence of muscimol.
Baclofen ; Bicuculline ; Clinical Coding ; Cytarabine ; Goldfish ; Injections, Intraocular ; Muscimol ; Receptors, GABA ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Retina ; Visual Pathways

We managed four cases of anesthesia for liver transplantation from August, 1992 to January, 1993. Four recipients, all male patients and ages of 40th, were suffered from liver cirrhosis related to Chronic hepatitis B and one recipient (case 1) was diagnosed as combined hepatocellular carcinoma. Operation risks by Pugh's classification were 10 (case 1), 8 (case 2), 7 (case 3) and 12 (case 4). Duaration of anesthesia was in the range of 13 to 22.5 hours. Various hemodynamic monitorings were observed and anesthetic managements were uneveritful. C.O., SVR, temperature and coagulation factors were analyzed. 2 patients (case 1 & 4) were expired due to acute rejection (case 1) and primary non-function of the grafted liver (case 4) postoperatively.
Anesthesia ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Classification ; Hemodynamics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Male ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To examine the occurrence and risk factors of decompensation and the additional treatment of increased hyperopia in refractive accommodative esotropia. METHODS: Seventy children with refractive accommodative esotropia were followed up for at least 2 years. Time of decompensation and additional treatment, initial refractive error, initial deviation, and controlled deviation were all studied. RESULTS: Decompensation and additional treatment occurred on average at 21.8 months and 22.2 months in eight patients, respectively, and constant survival was achieved after 4 years of full correction of the refractive error, as shown on a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. In the decompensation, additional treatment and control groups, initial refractive errors were 3.97+/-1.07D, 4.06+/-1.92D and 4.60+/-1.29D, respectively; initial deviations were 36.25+/-12.75PD, 31.25+/-10.61PD and 26.02+/-8.62PD, respectively; and controlled deviations were 4.50+/-6.30PD, 4.50+/-4.63PD and 2.65+/-4.10PD, respectively. There was a significant difference in initial deviation between the decompensation and control groups (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of decompensation and increased hyperopia warranted careful follow-up in the first 4 years after treatment, and patients with large initial deviation risked decompensation.
Child ; Esotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Refractive Errors ; Risk Factors*

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) causes arrythmia, myocarditis, atrial hemorrhage, and heart failure as a cardiac complication. But, acute myocardial infarction has not been reported yet in patient with HFRS. We here report a case of acute myocardial infarction in a young adult with HFRS. A 43-year-old man was admitted with high fever and petechiae in the trunk and extremities. He had no history of hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. Initial electrocardiographic finding was normal. On the 4th hospital days, sudden cardiac arrest developed and he recovered promptly with cardioversion. After recovery, electrocardiography revealed ST segment elevation in II, III, and aVF. Cardiac enzymes (CPK, LDH, CK-MB, and troponin-I) were also elevated. Echocardiography showed akinesia of inferior wall of heart. He was treated with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltraion but he expired due to multiorgan failure on the 12th hospital days.
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Echocardiography ; Electric Countershock ; Electrocardiography ; Extremities ; Fever ; Hantaan virus ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocarditis ; Purpura ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Kabuki syndrome is a rare syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation, which is characterized by a peculiar face resembles Kabuki actor, postnatal growth retardation, and skeletal abnormalities. The ocular feature such as strabismus, amblyopia, ptosis, blue sclera and long palpebral fissure with eversion of the lateral portion of lower eyelid can be seen in this syndrome. We experienced a Kabuki syndrome patient with ocular feature. CASE SUMMARY: A 6 years old girl visited ophthalmology department for frequent blinking, abnormal movement of eyelid. She showed growth retardation, high palate arch, bifid uvula and low hairline. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.5 in the right eye and 0.4 in the left eye. She also presented with mixed astigmatism (right: +sph 1.00;-cyl 3.00 Ax 180, left: +sph 1.00;-cyl 3.50 Ax 180). In addition, Marcus-Gunn jaw winking in her left eye and a long palpebral fissure were noted. She had intermittent exotropia and a tilted optic disc in the left eye.
Amblyopia ; Astigmatism ; Blinking ; Child ; Dyskinesias ; Exotropia ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Jaw ; Ophthalmology ; Palate ; Sclera ; Strabismus ; Uvula ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Clonidine, a alpha2-receptor agonist, has sedative and decrease the MAC of anesthetics. Clonidine also has analgesic properties following intrathecal administration. This study evaluates the effects of clonidine on the onset time and duration of analgesia when added to bupivacaine for brachial plexus block. METHODS: Forty patients of ASA physical ststus 1 and 2I who scheduled for elective upper limb surgery were divided into two groups in randomized, double-bline fashion. The brachial plexus block was performed with 30 ml of 0.33% bupivacaine plus saline(1ml; n=20)or clonidine(150ug, 1ml; n=20). The following variables were recorded; onset time, duration of analgesia, sedation, heart rate and blood pressure. RESULTS: The onset time produced with the addition of clonidine was faster(15.6+/-5 vs 19+/-4 min). The duration of block, heart rate and blood pressure were not different between the groups. There were more sedation in the clonidine group. CONCLUSIONS: From the above results, adding clonidine to bupivacaine is an attractive adjuvants for brachial plexus block.
Analgesia ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Brachial Plexus* ; Bupivacaine* ; Clonidine* ; Heart Block ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Pharmacology ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: To investigate the result of strabismus surgery for thyroid ophthalmopathy. METHODS: This retrospective study included 13 patients with strabismus due to thyroid ophthalmopathy.These patients underwent strabismus surgery with intraoperative adjustable suture technique under topical anesthesia in the period between January 1997 and December 2000. Mean postoperative follow-up examination period was 13.2+/-9.9 months. RESULTS: Eleven of thirteen patients (84.6%) had heterotropia less than 8 prism diopter at last postoperative follow up examination. CONCLUSIONS: With relatively short period of preoperative examination, we achieved satisfactory surgical outcome for the treatment of strabismus due to thyroid ophthalmopathy.
Anesthesia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus* ; Suture Techniques ; Thyroid Gland*