Pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) refer to the pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules and part-solid nodules. SSNs are frequently encountered in clinical settings, such as in screenings conducted with chest computed tomography. The main concern regarding pulmonary SSNs, particularly when they are persistent, has been a lung adenocarcinoma and the precursors to this condition. This review aims at describing the current understanding of the imaging features, histology, natural course, and to present the current management protocols based on the guidelines recently established by the Fleischner Society.

No abstract available.
Humans ; von Willebrand Diseases*

No abstract available.
Humans ; von Willebrand Diseases*

Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rar, incurable, and progressive clinical entity. When associated with pregnancy, the prognosis of primary pulmonary hypertension is worsened with maternal mortality rates of at least 50%. The patient was a 29-year-old mother in her 2nd pregnancy, with previous uncomplicated gestation, 5 years ago. She had been well until the 28th week of present gestation when she was admitted because of increasing dyspnea on exertion. She was a housewife with no remarkable family and past histories. We have experienced a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy. She was treated with an oral calcium-channel blocker and low-molecular-weight heparin and was delivered vaginally with good maternal and fetal outcome. So we report a case of primary pulmonary hypertension associated with pregnancy and review literature.
Adult ; Dyspnea ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Maternal Mortality ; Mothers ; Pregnancy* ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
beta-Glucosidase* ; Gaucher Disease*

Cases of spontaneous regression of cerebral aneurysm remnant after incomplete surgical clipping have been rarely reported. This paper reports the regression of an aneurysm remnant after incomplete surgical clipping during postsurgical follow-up. A 50-year-old male presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage because of rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. An emergency clipping of the aneurysm was performed. A cerebral angiography, which was performed two weeks postoperatively, revealed an aneurysm remnant. The patient refused additional treatment and was discharged without apparent neurological deficit. One-year follow up cerebral angiography demonstrated a partially regressed aneurysm remnant.
Aneurysm* ; Cerebral Angiography ; Emergencies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Surgical Instruments*

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious complication of heparin therapy. It represents initially as thrombocytopenia and is associated with venous or arterial thrombosis. It has been reported that platelet factor 4/heparin complex antibody plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIT. Patients on hemodialysis have a high risk of developing HIT because heparin is administrated in hemodialysis as anticoagulant. Thrombocytopenia usually occurs 5 to 10 days after the onset of administration, but occasionally, it may occur rapidly in patients who have preformed antibodies from recent heparin use. We report here 2 cases of HIT with platelet factor 4-heparin reactive antibody in hemodialysis patients.
Antibodies ; Blood Platelets ; Heparin ; Humans ; Immunoassay* ; Renal Dialysis ; Thrombocytopenia* ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: To report brain metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as homonymous hemianopia. CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old female with a history of hepatectomy and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 19 months earlier was referred to our neuro-ophthalmology clinic for evaluation due to headache and decreased visual acuity over the past several months. Best visual acuity was 20/20, and the results of all other aspects of our examination were normal except Humphrey automatic perimetry, which showed complete left homonymous hemianopia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass in the right occipital lobe. Craniotomy and removal of tumor were performed. HCC was confirmed by histopathologic examination. CONCLUSIONS: Metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the occipital lobe is extremely rare but can present as homonymous hemianopia. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this when examining a patient with a history of HCC.
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Headache ; Hemianopsia* ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Occipital Lobe* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests

The authors analysed radiologic findings of the posterior fossa lesions as well as incisural and supratentorial lesions in 40 patients who were diagnosed by transfemoral serial vertebral angiography at Catholic Medical Center since October 1972 to April 1976. We also attempted to evaluate the diagnostic value in the diagnosis of the lesions according to the site of involvement. The tumors of the fourth ventricle or vermis demonstrated abnormal findings corresponding to the area of involvement, however the lesion could not be defined accurately with the study. Cerebellar hemispheric or tentorial tumors were diagnosed with considerable accuracy by vertebral angiography. Infratentorial vascular lesions were clearly demonstrated with serial vertebral angiography but the accuracy of diagnosis was argumented with subtraction technique. The evidence of compression of the brain stem was demonstrated with considerable accuracy by serial vertebral angiography. Furthermore exact site and direction of the compression could be outlined with the study. For the posterior temporal or occipital tumors which were not able to diagnose definitely with carotid angiography, considerable diagnostic accuracy was carried by the vertebral angiography. Definite diagnosis of the posterior third ventricle tumors or thalamic lesions was able to obtain with serial vertebral angiography.
Angiography* ; Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Diagnosis* ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Subtraction Technique ; Third Ventricle

OBJECTIVE: Although a high incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) following traumatic subdural hygroma (SDG) has been reported, no study has evaluated risk factors for the development of CSDH. Therefore, we analyzed the risk factors contributing to formation of CSDH in patients with traumatic SDG. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients admitted to Hallym University Hospital with traumatic head injury from January 2004 through December 2013. A total of 45 patients with these injuries in which traumatic SDG developed during the follow-up period were analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups based on the development of CSDH, and the associations between the development of CSDH and independent variables were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients suffered from bilateral SDG, whereas 14 had unilateral SDG. Follow-up computed tomography scans revealed regression of SDG in 25 of 45 patients (55.6%), but the remaining 20 patients (44.4%) suffered from transition to CSDH. Eight patients developed bilateral CSDH, and 12 patients developed unilateral CSDH. Hemorrhage-free survival rates were significantly lower in the male and bilateral SDG group (log-rank test; p=0.043 and p=0.013, respectively). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed male (OR, 7.68; 95% CI 1.18–49.78; p=0.033) and bilateral SDG (OR, 8.04; 95% CI 1.41–45.7; p=0.019) were significant risk factors for development of CSDH. CONCLUSION: The potential to evolve into CSDH should be considered in patients with traumatic SDG, particularly male patients with bilateral SDG.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Subdural Effusion* ; Survival Rate