No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic*

PURPOSE: This study attempted to identify influential variables on types of smoking in adult smokers, which have been derived from Q-study. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 328 adult smokers at community settings in Seoul, South Korea from April 2006 to July 2006. To identify the influential variables related to smoking, variables from the Trans-theoretical model(i.e., self-efficacy for smoking abstinence, smoking temptation, process of change, decisional balance(pros and cons)) and nicotine dependency were analysed by ANOVA. Post-comparison tests were also done. RESULTS: The scores of nicotine dependency and smoking temptation were higher in habitual craving types than any other types, while the scores of self-liberation and self-efficacy for smoking abstinence were higher in self control types than any other types. CONCLUSION: Specific smoking intervention methods for each of the smoking types needs to be developed, based on how different groups of individuals gets into a decisions to quit smoking within their contexts.
Adult ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Humans ; Nicotine ; Republic of Korea ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify types of smoking decision making-temptation in adolescents and characteristics related to type among student smokers. METHOD: Data collection was done from March to July. 2006. A survey was administered to 275 students in 13 high schools and 15 middle schools in Seoul, South Korea. To identify types and characteristics smoking decision making-temptation in adolescents, cluster analysis using the K-mean method was employed. Characteristics of the influential variables according to the identified types of adolescent smokers were evaluated using ANOVA. RESULTS: Four types of smoking pattern in adolescents were identified: habitual craving (17.7%), nicotine dependence (35.8%), feeblemindedness (28.4%), and self control p=.001), while the score for self efficacy for smoking abstinence was higher in the self control type (F=23.06, p=.000). Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that effective interventions for smoking cessation in adolescents require not only active implementation of nicotine replacement therapy but also development of individualized approaches for each person targeting change in the social environment that may lead to positive smoking decisional balance.
Adolescent ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Nicotine ; Republic of Korea ; Self Efficacy ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Social Environment ; Tobacco Use Disorder

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify family resiliency, ADL in elders with dementia, and symptom for families with an elder with dementia. METHOD: The participants were 102 people who were caregivers to elders with dementia and who visited the out-patient department at S. hospital for follow up care. Data were collected from August to October 2003 using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test aided by the SPSS/PC. RESULT: Family resiliency for the whole sample was within normal limits but when the sample was quarter-divided by good and poor family resiliency, based on established cut-off scores, there were differences for some characteristics according to good/poor family resiliency. These differences were for perceived health state of caregivers (t=-2.78, p=.008), economic state of family (t=-3.34, p=.002), and ADL (t=-2.56, p=.014). CONCLUSION: Future research should focus on the way in which family resiliency can be enhanced and on the effects of interventions for those caregivers who report poor family resiliency.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Caregivers ; Dementia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the types of pain identification made by nurses caring for patients with dementia in nursing homes. METHOD: To collect the Q-population, 12 nurses working in nursing homes were interviewed. From the collected data, 69 statements were derived and eight patterns of pain identification were categorized. Thirty statements were derived as the Q-sample. Thirty nurses were sampled as the P-sample. The 30 Q-cards with Q-statements were Q-sorted by the P-sample. The results of the Q-sorting were coded and analyzed using the PC QUANL program. RESULTS: Five types of pain identification were identified by nurses for patients with dementia living in nursing homes; Type 1 was named "estimating based on verbal expressions". Type 2 was named "reasoning through physical symptoms". Type 3 was named "confirming pain based on nonverbal expressions being consistent with conditions of physical function". Type 4 was named "empathizing with vocal expressions". Type 5 was named "confirming by comparison with objective pain indicators one by one". CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that comprehensive understanding of pain identification by nurses could help improve the assessment of pain in patients with dementia.
Dementia ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Q-Sort

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Paragonimiasis*

PURPOSE: The present study purposed to investigate and analyze domestic websites providing information about dementia and to suggest future directions for the development of dementia-related websites. METHOD: For this purpose, the researcher selected 13 domestic websites that were available in November and December 2004, and evaluated them in terms of construction, operation, accessibility and contents on a scale 4 point (0~3). RESULT: The construction of dementia-related websites got 6~13 out of 18 points, which suggests that management policies for the operation of dementia-related websites are inadequate. The operation of dementia-related websites got 7~15 out of 24 points. In particular, all 13 sites got a low score in the aspect of continuance. With regard to accessibility, the sites were evaluated on how easily users could access the sites and they got 2~8 out of 15 points. In evaluating contents, the sites got 9~18 out of 21 points with regard to the purpose and appropriateness of the contents. CONCLUSION: This shows that most sites did not provide diverse types of dementia-related information. Because it is highly advantageous to perform primary dementia-preventing management through websites, this study proposes to develop a website evaluation system in order to provide high quality dementia-related informatio.
Korea ; *Internet ; Humans ; *Dementia

To evaluate the effectiveness of computed tomography for the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, we reviewed CT scans of 26 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy retrospectively. These included 10 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis, 11 patients with metastasis and 5 patients with lymphoma, We evaluated the CT scans with a special attention to internal nodal density, feature of contrast enhancement and location of lymphadenopathy. Tuberculous lymphadenitis involved multiple nodes unilaterally and showed central low density with even or uneven rim enhancement, usually occurring in young patients (mean: 31.6 years). Two cases with tuberculous lymphadenitis showed calcifications within the lymph nodes. Lymphoma involved unilateral or bilateral nodes and appeared as conglomerated isodense mass with even rim enhancement. Metastasis involved multiple nodes unilaterally and showed focal, diffuse of mixed pattern of central low density with variable rim enhancement, usually occurring in old patients (mean: 59.4 years). Locations of most frequent lymph node involvements were internal jugular group (76%), spinal accessory group (54%) and retropharyngeal group(12%).
Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Lymphoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a computer decision making support system that enables nurses to utilize the computer in selecting the best decision for pain management for patients with dementia institutionalized in nursing homes. METHODS: To formulate the protocol for the management of patients' pain, the researcher analyzed content of interviews with 30 nurses in three nursing homes and an expert group. A decision support computer program was formalized based on existing protocols. To evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the system, analysis of data on patient pain management and nurse satisfaction with the system were done after the formalized decision support computer program was complete. RESULTS: The decision support computer program for pain management for institutionalized patients with dementia was finalized after adjustments following the evaluation. Nurse satisfaction with the program was moderate. It also provided opportunity to reassess thinking about pain and pain management. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that this program provides nurses with useful knowledge for pain management in institutionalized patients with dementia and aids in decision making in nursing practice in nursing home.
Decision Making ; Dementia ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Pain Management ; Software ; Thinking