The increased susceptibility in patients of chronic renal failure to infection has been reported to be attributed to defects in granulocyte and lymphocyte function and proliferative activity of hematopoietic cells. The definite cause of the frequent infection in uremic patients, however, is still controversial. The effect of uremic plasma on the aspect of the hematopoietic cells has been scarcely been studied. In the present study, mouse bone marrow was cultured with uremic plasma, to evaluate the effect of uremic plasma on the proliferative activity and morphological features of CFU-GM. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The number of colonies in group co-cultured with uremic plasma was more reduced than that of normal plasma group. 2) There was no difference between the group cultured with predialytic uremic plasma and that of postdialytic plasma in number of colonies, macroclusters and microclusters. 3) The forms of colony were granulocytic and monocytic forms at 5 day of culture. Electron microscopically, granulocytes disclosed electron dense azurophilic granules and electrolucent specific granules in the cytoplasm, and monocyte showed numerous vesicles and vacuoles in the cytoplasm which had finger-like projections. 4) The molecular weight of inhibitory factor in the uremic plasma was supposed to be less than 50,000 daltons.
Mice ; Animals

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Obesity*

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus is the most common elbow fractures in children. The fractures so designated are in the supracondylar area of the humerus just proximal to the elbow, and do not directly involve the joint or the distal humeral epiphysis. Unfortunately, it can also be one of the most difficult fractures to treat. And the catastrophic picture of Volkmann's ischemic contracture and nerve injuries associated with these fractures, as after successful reduction, the late complications of loss of elbow motion, the chage in carrying angle, myositis ossifgicans, and delayed ulnar nerve palsy still lie ahead. For the period of 4 years and 10 months from May 1979 to March 1985, 47 patients who had been treated for supracondylar fractures of the humerus at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, college of medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, are presented, The results obtained are as follows; 1. Supracondylar fractures of the humerus frequently occured between the ages of 4 and 9 years (70.2%) and the sex ratio was 2.1: 1 in male to female. 2. Of all fratures, 89.4% were the extension type and the left side was predominent in 55.3% than right. 3. According to the Holmberg clasification, Group 1 was 6 cases(12.8%), 10 cases(21.3%) in Group 2, 11 cases(23.4%) in Group 3, and 20 cases(42.5%) in Group 4. 4. Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning showed little changes in carrying angle. 5. Limitation of motion was most frequent complication after closed reduction with plaster cast immobilization. 6. By the modified Mitchell and Adams' criteria for grading results, excellent were obtained in 55.3 %, good in 44.7%, and zero in unsatisfactory. 7. In the neurovascular injuries associated with fractue, there were 4 neural injuries, and 2 vascular injuries. In 4 traumatic neuropathies, median nerve was involved most commonly and the were recovered spontaneously within 5 weeks. 8. Average time from injury to reduction was 1.6 day and delayed reduction or operation made worse the prognosis in most cases.
Casts, Surgical ; Child ; Elbow ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Ischemic Contracture ; Joints ; Male ; Median Neuropathy ; Myositis ; Prognosis ; Sex Ratio ; Ulnar Neuropathies ; Vascular System Injuries

Soft tissue coverage of heel defects has long been a difficult problem. In 1982, Iron reported eight cases of heel defects in children using an ipsilateral posterior thigh flap with use of the Hoff-man's skeletal fixation apparatus for immobilization. We report three cases of heel defects treatment in children using ipsilateral posterior thigh flap and detach flap in an average 13 days with aid of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) for evaluation of circulation status of flap.
Child ; Fracture Fixation ; Heel ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Iron ; Thigh ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Arbovirus*

Fractures in the subtrochanteric region of the femur present more formidable problems in treatment than do other trochanteric fractures, because such severe stresses exit at the fracture site. Therefore, as a rule we prefer to treat subtrochanteric fractures by operative means if possible. Many internal fixation devices have been recommanded for use in subtrochanteric fractures and each of these devices have advantages in certain types of subtrochanteric fractures, and their selection should be based on the individual fracture anatomy. A total of 20 patients with fracture of the subtrochanteric region of the femur, who were treated by internal fixation with Judet plate between January 1982 and December 1988 have been reviewed. Our conclusions were as follows; 1. Average age was 38 years old and most common cause of injury was traffic accident. 2. Cast immobilization was done after Judet plate fixation. Partial weight bearing ambulation was enabled from POD 10 weeks and full weight bearing ambulation was enabled from POD 16 weeks. 3. 18 in 20 cases, primary bony union was happened and the mean duration of radiological bony union was 24 weeks. 4. 3 cases of complications, metal failure with refracture (2 cases) and screw loosening (1 case), were occured due to early weight bearing in the post operative course. 5. Judet plate fixation was gave satisfactory result in uncomminuted subtrochanteric fracture, especially Seinsheimer's type I, II-A,B,C or Fieldings type I, II. 6. From a consideration of these series, Judet plate showed easy to use, perfect adaptation and rigid fixation. We thought Judet plate is one of a good implants for rigid fixation of subtrochanteric fracture without severe medial cortical disruption.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Femur ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Internal Fixators ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous*

BACKGROUND: Many factors determine the distribution of local anesthetics in the subarachnoid space. These major factors are dosage of local anesthetics, baricity of local anesthetics, position of patient, contour of vertebral column. The temperature of local anesthetics alters the baricity of local anesthetics. At 20oC, the density of 0.5% plain bupivacaine is 1.0003 and generally act as isobaric solution in the CSF. As its temperature lowers, its baricity increases. METHODS: Forty patients (A.S.A I and II) scheduled for lower extremity operation under spinal anesthesia were randomized into four groups; group I (37oC 0.5% bupivacaine, sitting position), group II (37oC 0.5% bupivacaine, 15o head-down position), group III (4oC 0.5% bupivacaine, sitting position), group IV (4oC 0.5% bupivacaine, 15o head-down position). The patients were placed in the sitting position (Group I, III) or lateral decubitus (Group II, IV) and dural puncture was performed at the L3-4 interspace using a midline approach (25-gauge Quincke spinal needle). A free flow of clear cerebrospinal fluid was obtained before administration of drug (37oC 0.5% bupivacaine in Group I, II and 4oC 0.5% bupivacaine in Group III, IV). Patients remained in the sitting position or 15o head-down position for 3 minutes after injection. Patients in each group received a solution that had been previously equilibrated in a stove to 37oC and in a refrigerator to 4oC for more than 1 day. Syringes used to administer the bupivacaine solution were also equilibrated to 37oC and 4oC, respectively. We checked sensory block level using pin-prick test at every 5 minutes. RESULTS: There was statistic significance in sensory block level between Group I, IV and Group II, III. The maximum sensory block level and the time to maximum cephalad spread of analgesia was the T4 level and 9.6 minutes in Group I, the T5 level and 13.5 minutes in Group IV compared to the T9 level and 21 minutes in Group II, the T10 level and 18 minutes in Group III. CONCLUSIONS: The temperature of 0.5% plain bupivacaine affects sensory block level and time to block. It is concluded that the temperature of the injected solution plays an important role in the sensory spread of 0.5% plain bupivacaine.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Posture* ; Punctures ; Spine ; Subarachnoid Space ; Syringes

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Dermoscopy*

No abstract available.
Heart Defects, Congenital ; Umbilical Veins*