BACKGROUND: Hair casts(HGs) is a disorder of asymptomatic, firm yellowish white, freely movable accretions which encircles but is not attatched to the hairs. There are two types of HC:The first type, parakeratotic HC, is frequently associated with parakeratotic scalp disorders;the second type, the peripilar keratin casts, in an uncommon type not usually associated with diseases of the scalp and has only been reported in female children. The pathophysiology and origin of HC is poorly understood with only 37 cases reported in the literature. @ ES OBJECTIVE: our pupose was to establish the prevalence of hair cast in schoold children and to determine the predisposing factors of hair casts in Korea. METHODS: Five hundred and thirty-seven students of elementary schools(274male, 263female) were examined. Samples of plucked hair were stained with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde and examined under light microscopes. RESULTS: There were 182 patients with HC;Peripilar keratin casts:174(CRSC 165, ERSC 7, IRSC 2); paakeratotic HC:8. In a total of 182 patients with HC, 181 were girls and the incidence of HC in female children was 68.8%(181/263). In girls who tie up or weave their hair, the incidence of peripilar keratin casts was as high as 81.8%(171/209). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the traction to the hair follicle may play a role in the generation of HC, and that peripilar keratin casts are not rare in Korea.
Causality ; Child* ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Scalp ; Traction

No abstract available.
Pneumothorax*

BACKGROUND: Estrogen deficiency accelerates loss of bone mass and changes lipid profile in the postmenopausal women, so that the osteoporosis and astherosclerosis were developed. But it has not enough studies including the premenopausal women. So we have investigated about the differences of body mass index(BMI), lipid profile and bone mineral density (BMD) with pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: We have evaluated 201 premenopausal women and 322 postmenopausal women out of total 651 who had visited Health Screening Center in the hospital of Eul-Ji Medical College from November, 1995 to July, 1996. RESULTS: The mean age of total subjects, premenopausal women, postmenopausal women were 51.9, 43.9, 56.8 years, respectively. The mean period after menopause was 8.1 years. Significant difference was seen in BMI, lipid profile and BMD according to age and menopause(P<0.01). BMI was related to lipid profile(P<0.01), but not to BMD(P>0.1). In postmenopausal women BMI, BMD and lipid profile were related to postmenopausal period (P<0.05). In viewing their correlations BMD had strong adverse correlations with factors such as age, menopause, and postmenopausal period. Lipid profile had weak positive correlations with factors such as age, menopause, BMI(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile are related to factors such as age, BMI, menopause, and postmenopausal period. The BMD is related to above factors except BMI. Prospective study is needed to evaluate the influence of estrogen on BMD and lipid metabolism. Thus, it helps to the prevention and treatment of the osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia in the postmenopausal women.
Bone Density* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipid Metabolism ; Mass Screening ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause

Seckel syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of severe growth retardation and distinct craniofacial, orodental, and skeletal anomalies. We report hereby the first two Korean cases of typical Seckel syndrome who had characteristic symptoms of intrauterine growth retardation, small head, large eyes, sharp facial features (beaked nose, dysplastic ears and narrow face) with underdeveloped chin, dwarfism, severe mental retardation, and other malformation. We report two cases of Seckel syndrome with a brief review of related literatures.
Chin ; Dwarfism ; Ear ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Head ; Intellectual Disability ; Nose

From January 1985, to June 1986, 7 cases in which supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the femur were treated at our orthopaedic department using the Extensile Approach for an anatomical reduction and firm internal fixstion, show successful results in follow up stuides. l. All 7 cases were type III fractures of Neers classification. 2. Among the 7 cases treated surgically using the Extensile Approach, 5 cases showed excellent and good results and the remaining 2 csses showed one fair and one failed results. 3. Probably due to the additional open proximal tibia and patella fracture and delayed surgery from trauma one case had a fair results. The case which failed wss due to ipsilsteral ligamentous injuries and a nerve injury in addition to the femur fracture and slso the impossibility of early knee joint exercise due to associated injuries. 4. None of the results of the 7 csses had any relationship with the patients age. 5. One case of postoperative skin necrosis developed around the tibial tuberosity and was treated successfully by a cross leg flap. 6. In comminuted supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the femur, the Extensile Approach is thought to be an excellent surgical technique by means of a wide surgical field for an anatomical reduction and firm internal fixation with the repair of associated ligamentous injuries.
Adult ; Classification ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Necrosis ; Patella ; Skin ; Tibia

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia was accepted as one of the most difficult disease in respect of the frequency and treatment for the orthopaedists. Since April, 1984, we experienced 3 cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, one 2 year-old boy involved left tibia only and the other 4 year-old female involved bilaterally, obtained solid bony union in all which were treated by massive surgical management that contained vascularized bone graft and electric stimulation. Several complications were faced such as refracture, valgus deformities of the ankle, skin irritation sign, angular deformities. But refracture was healed without delayed or nonunion by simple plaster cast immobilization. The vascularized bone graft snd electric stimulation is thought to be more improved methods for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Althought solid bony union was obtained in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, periodic follow-up and adequste management must be mandatory up to the end of the bony growth.
Ankle ; Casts, Surgical ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Pseudarthrosis ; Skin ; Tibia ; Transplants

No abstract available.

The use of recombinant DNA technology to produce human growth hormone has resulted in a marked increase in availability of Growth Hormone(GH) to treat short stature due to GH deficiency and other conditions, such as Turner syndrome, familial short stature, chronic renal insufficiency and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). But, the GH therapy may result in the adverse events such as sodium and water retention, pseudotumor cerebri, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, growth of nevi, recurrence of tumor. We experienced a case of severe hypertension associated with GH therapy in a 14-year-old male who presented high blood pressure up to 190/100 mmHg and normalized at 2-3 weeks after discontinuation of GH. Therefore, we think that the blood pressure should be carefully monitored during GH therapy.
Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; DNA, Recombinant ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Growth Hormone* ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Nevus ; Noonan Syndrome ; Pseudotumor Cerebri ; Recurrence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses ; Sodium

The treatment of supracondylar fracture of the femur remains a difficult problem because of the wide range of portential complications. In the past, authors thought conservative treatment was superior to operative treatment of supracondylar fracture of the femur. In addition, the advent of the Cast-Brace introduced the change in concept of the conservative treatment. Recently, however, the advances in the techniques and in the devices used in intemal fixation have encouraged the operative treatment. Tibiofemoral angle, gap or stepping of the articular surface of the distal femur, range of motion of the knee, and pains in the knee were used to evaluate the following results investigated by statistical study(T-test). These clinical results were shown by analyzing 49 cases of supracondylar fracture of the femur trea ted in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym College of Medicine, from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1983 1. We end result of each patient was evaluated by scaled score value calculated from above mentioned criteria. 2. The mean value of the operative treatment(35 cases) was 31.03±5.52, while that of the conservative treatment(14 cases) was 27.71±4.56. 3. The mean value of the group which began the exercise of the knee joint within 2 weeks (33 cases) was 32.24±4.43. The mean value of the other group which began the exercise of the knee joint after 2 weeks(16 cases) was 25.78±4.56. This difference of means between two groups was statistically significant. Beginning the knee joint exercise within 2 weeks has large effect on the result of the treatment. 4.The results of treatment in patient over age of 50 were graded as fair irrespective of methods of treatment. 5. Various devices were used in intemal fixation but there was no difference in the results. 6. We mean value of the Tibiofemoral angle(difference from normal angle) in the operative treatment was 2.37±6.25 and that of the conservative treatment was 8.04±4.62. Both of the above method of treatment showed a varus trend, especially in the conservative treatment. In statistical study, through, there was no significance in two methods.
Adult ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: To correlate histologic subtypes with MR signal intensity in meniagioma and to find etiologic factors responsible for the signal characteristics of T2WI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We. reviewed MRIs and histopathologic studies in 35 cases of meningioma. MR signal intenisty was measured with respect to cerebral cortex(gray matter) as hypointense, isointense, or hyperintense. Pathologically, meningioma was classified into subtypes, acording to the new WHO classification of brain tumors. The degree of cellularity, collagen, and vascularity was graded from 1 to 3, and presence or absence of psammoma bodies, microcysts, micronecrosis and microhemorrhage was obeserved. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to find relationship between the pathologic findings and MR signal intensity of T2WI. RESULTS: Even in the same subtype, cellularity, collagen and vascularty of the tumor were different. T1WI was not useful in discriminating pathologic subtype because most tumors were isointense or hypointense to the cortex regardless of histologic type. Most tumors showed various signal intensity on T2WI, but T2WI were not useful, either. Exceptionally, all five cases of microcystic meningiomas were hyperintense on T2W1. In analysing the relationship between MR signal intensity and pathologic factor, increased collagen content produced decreased signal intensity(P<0.01) and the existence of microcyst resulted in high signal intensity(P<0.01). Cellularity, vascularity, microcalcification, micronecrosis and microhemorrhage had no relationship with signal intensity on T2WI. CONCLUSION: Except for the five microcystic meningiomas with hyperintenty on T2WI there was no relationship between MR signal intensity and subtype of meningiomas. Pathologic factors influencing T2 signal intensity were microcyst and collagen. Even in the same subtypes of meningiomas, the T2 signal intensity was different. This may be due to different ratio of microcyst and collagen.
Brain Neoplasms ; Classification ; Collagen ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Meningioma*