Expression of the pS2 protein in breast carcinoma is a useful guide to evaluate the prognosis and response to tamoxifen. The pS2 protein is an estrogen-regulated 60 amino acid protein which was originally discovered following the screening of cDNA libraries in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and is induced through estrogen-dependent transcription of the pS2 gene. The presence of the pS2 protein in breast cancer is considered as valuable as the receptor status, or even more so, in predicting the response to hormonal therapy. We have investigated the pS2 protein expression in 62 cases of primary breast cancer in order to know the relationship between the expression rate of the pS2 protein and hormonal receptor status using immunohistochemical procedures on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Concomitantly, both the estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were examined using the immunohistochemical technique. Positive staining for the pS2 was seen in forty-nine cases (79%) of the tumors. Forty three cases (88%) of the pS2 positive tumors were ER positive and forty one cases (84%) of the pS2 positive tumors were PR positive ; forty six cases (93%) of pS2 positive tumors were positive for ER and/or PR. The pS2 status correlated significantly with the ER (p<0.0001) and PR (p<0.001). The results reveal a close association between the pS2 protein and either or both the ER and PR status.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogens* ; Gene Library ; Mass Screening ; Progesterone* ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone* ; Tamoxifen

To evaluate the correlation between the internal echo patterns and henodynamics in hepatic cavernous hemangioma, we compared the interanal echo pattern with the hemodynamic pattern examined by intravenous bolus CT(multi-phase incremental bolus dynamic CT) in 34 diagnosed hemangiomas (25 patients). We classified cavernous hemangiomas as two different hemodynamic patterns according to the findings of the early phase of intravenous bolus CT scans. Early enhancing type means that most portion of a mass is enhanced during the early hpase and late enhancing type means that only minimal peripheral portion of a mass is enhanced during the early phase. We classified ultrasonogrphic patterns as hypoechoic and hyperechoic according to main echogenicity of the mass. The late enhancing type tends toward the high echo type (20/21) and the early enhancing type tends to ward the low echo type (11/13) (p<0.01) Therefore, we believe that the early enhancing type which represents rapid contrast inflow toward mass, contains large portions of cavernous space and showes hypoechoic, but late enhancing type which represents late contrast inflow toward a mass, contains large portions of fibrous space and showes hyperechoic. In conclusion, there was significant correlation between internal hemodynamics and echo patterns in hepatic cavernous hemangioma.
Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hemodynamics* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

To evaluate the correlation between the internal echo patterns and henodynamics in hepatic cavernous hemangioma, we compared the interanal echo pattern with the hemodynamic pattern examined by intravenous bolus CT(multi-phase incremental bolus dynamic CT) in 34 diagnosed hemangiomas (25 patients). We classified cavernous hemangiomas as two different hemodynamic patterns according to the findings of the early phase of intravenous bolus CT scans. Early enhancing type means that most portion of a mass is enhanced during the early hpase and late enhancing type means that only minimal peripheral portion of a mass is enhanced during the early phase. We classified ultrasonogrphic patterns as hypoechoic and hyperechoic according to main echogenicity of the mass. The late enhancing type tends toward the high echo type (20/21) and the early enhancing type tends to ward the low echo type (11/13) (p<0.01) Therefore, we believe that the early enhancing type which represents rapid contrast inflow toward mass, contains large portions of cavernous space and showes hypoechoic, but late enhancing type which represents late contrast inflow toward a mass, contains large portions of fibrous space and showes hyperechoic. In conclusion, there was significant correlation between internal hemodynamics and echo patterns in hepatic cavernous hemangioma.
Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hemodynamics* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Generalized pustular psoriasis is a severe form of paoriasis and is frequently associated with arthritis and nail deformity. We present a case of generalized pustular psoriasis in a 40 year-old man, with nail change, arthritis of both knee and ankle joints, spondylitis, and glomerulonephritis. We found a positive results of HLA A-9, B-27 in this patient. Skin lesions, arthralgia and hematuria improved marked1y by plasmapheresis and application of topical corticostertoid.
Adult ; Ankle Joint ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Knee ; Plasmapheresis ; Psoriasis* ; Skin ; Spondylitis*

Magnetic resonance (MR) is rapidly emerging technique that provides high quality images and potentially provides much more diagnostic information than do conventional imaging modalities. MRI is conceptually quite different from currently used imaging methods. The complex nature of MRI allows a great deal of flexibility in image production and available information, and key points are as follows. 1. MR offers a non-invasive technique with which to generate in vivo human images without ionizing radiation and with no known adverse biological effects. 2. Imaging mechanism of MRI is quite different from conventional imaging modality and for more accurate diagnostic application, It is necessary for physician to understand imaging mechanism of MRI 3. M.R. makes available basic chemical parameters that may provide to be useful for diagnostic medical imaging and more specific pathophysiologic information which are not available by alternate techniques. 4. M.R. can be produced by number of different methods. This flexibility allows the imaging technique to be applicated for particular clinical purpose. Multiplanar and three dimensional imaging may extend the imaging process beyond the single section available with current CT. 5. Future directions include efforts to; a. Further development of hard ware b. More fastening scan time c. Respiratory and cardiac gated imaging d. Imaging of additional nuclei except hydrogen. e. Further development of contrast media f. MR in vivo spectroscopy g. Real time MR imaging
Comprehension* ; Contrast Media ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pliability ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Spectrum Analysis

A study on branching patterns of middle hepatic artery was performed in 109 patients with A-P and oblique view hepatic angiogram, which refered to size and location of quadrate lobe in CT and SMA portography We could analyze the branching patterns of middle hepatic artery (MHA) in 100 among the 109 patients. MHA arising as a first branch of left hepatic artery was the most common pattern (50%), and MHA arising from proper hepatic artery separately one from left hepatic artery was the next common pattern (35%). MHA originating from left gastric artery, or from anterior or posterior of the right hepatic artery was seen. MHA WAS not found as an accessory or replaced artery except as replaced common hepatic artery.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Hepatic Artery* ; Humans ; Portography

A 72-year-old woman with a pea sized, bluish, firm nodule was diagnosed as having a cellular type of dermatofibroma histopathologically. A biopsy specimen revealed a relatively well circumscribed, non-encapsulated, nodular infiltration of irregularly distributed histiocytes in the deep dermis. Foam cells were also noted. Gomoris iron stain revealed large amounts of hemosiderin deposits and some collagen were present as individual fibers in the lesion with Masson's trichrome stain.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Female ; Foam Cells ; Hemosiderin ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Iron ; Peas

Takayasu's arteritis is an arteritis of undetermined etiology, which affects the aorta, proximal portion of its major branches, and causes narrowing, occlusion, or aneurismal dilatation of vessel. Authors report 2 cases of Takayasu's arteritis with brief review of the literature.
Aorta ; Arteritis ; Dilatation ; Takayasu Arteritis*

A case of foregut cyst communicated with esophagus and lined by bronchial mucosa is reviewed and its embryologic base of maldevelopment it discussed. It is not always easy to distinguish between digestive and respiratory cyst in mediastinum. There is whole range of intermediate between a cyst with ciliated and one with squamous or columnar mucosa. Origin of this dysembryoplasia is difficult to determine when on consider that the esophagus is covered with ciliated epithelium until the eleventh week of fetal life and that ciliated growth are found on its wall until the sixth month of the fetal life. And we concluded, general agreement is that cysts which have gastric epithelium in whole or in part, represent a distinct type and should be classified as (gastro) enteric cyst, mediastinal cyst containing cartilage were considered definitely as respiratory (bronchial or bronchogenic) cyst.
Cartilage ; Epithelium ; Esophagus* ; Mediastinal Cyst ; Mediastinum ; Mucous Membrane*

PURPOSE: The loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors appeats to be associated with a progression to less differentiated and hormone-independent tumors. The gain of hormone independency over time even in estrogen receptor-positive tumors has become another obstacle to endocrine therapy for breast cancer. We tried to regain the hormone dependency in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by lipofecting estmgen receptor cDNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA (pSGS-HEO) was lipofected into estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, in an attempt to restore their sensitivity to antiestrogen. Then the effects of 17p-estradiol and tamoxifen were studied by counting viable cell numbers after treating the lipofected cell line with either one or together. RESULTS: Culture medium cantaining phenol red, a weak estrogen, has growth advantages compared with culture medium without it. In both culture conditions, cell growth was most profoundly inhibited in 4 days after lipofection with mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA, which was overcome after that day. Tamoxifen, as an antiestrogen, showed a growth inhibitory effect slightly stronger tban combined conditions of tamoxifen and 17- estradiol compared to estrogen-treated group and to control, and the inhibitory effect was lasted 4 days. CONCLUSION: The temporary induction of estrogen receptor by lipofection with pSGS-HEO on estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed negative growth control on these cells by tamoxifen, indicating that liposome-mediated estrogen receptor transfection may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for hormane independent human breast cancers in the near future.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Estrogens* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans* ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Tamoxifen ; Transfection