The purpose of this study was to evaluate various methods of decontamination of ultrasonic scalers, high-speed handpieces and air-water syringes in dental equipments. Eimination of possible sources of microbial infection in dental operatories should be of primary importance. Microbial contamination levels of high speed handpieces, air-water syringes and ultrasonic scalers of 11 dental units in Seoul National University Hospital were evaluated after flushing the lines, alcohol sponge rubbing, or soaking in 0.1% chlorhexidine for 1,3 and 5 minutes. The result suggests that flushing the lines or soaking the tips in 0.1% chlorhexidine before use of the water systems may reduce the microbial levels. Soaking in 0.1% chlorhexidine for 5 minutes was most effective in reducing bacterial contamination.
Chlorhexidine ; Decontamination ; Dental Equipment ; Flushing ; Porifera ; Seoul ; Syringes* ; Ultrasonics*

Granular cell tumor is a rare and usually benign tumor that occasionally involves the breast. The physical examination, the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings and the pathologic findings are often suggestive of carcinoma. We report here a rare case of granular cell tumor of the breast that mimicked carcinoma on the mammography, ultrasonography and MR imaging.
Breast* ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the early ultrasonographic (US) findings from the uterus and myoma after a uterine fibroid embolization (UFE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2004 to January 2006, eleven patients (27-48 years, mean: 37 years) with UFE to treat symptomatic uterine myoma, were retrospectively reviewed. A serial follow up gray-scale and color Doppler US were performed from one day to two weeks following a UFE. The US findings were evaluated for the presence and distribution pattern of air, time of air loss, and presence of fluid collection in the uterine cavity and color Doppler (SD Comment: Doppler is name. Should perhaps be upper case) signal. RESULTS: Numerous high echoes with reverberation artifacts (which suggest air), were observed within the myoma (in all cases), one day after UFE. A branching linear echo pattern was observed in 4 cases (36%), whereas scattered echoes were observed in 7 cases (64%). Progressive loss of air, within 7 days of a UFE, was observed in 9 cases (82%), whereas 2 cases (12%) were observed within 14 days of a UFE. Abnormal fluid collection in the uterine cavity and a color Doppler signal within the myoma was not observed for all cases. CONCLUSION: Branching or scattered echoes (suggesting air), are normally found within the myoma after a UFE, but these echoes disappeared within 2 weeks. These early US findings can be useful in differentiating from myoma infections after a UFE.
Artifacts ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Myoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; Uterine Neoplasms ; Uterus

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and efficacy of therapeutic method of 14 pseudotumor patients with radiologically suspected orbital myositis. Retrospective analysis was performed to elucidate correlation with clinical finding, ocular symptom and sign, involved muscles, therapeutic response, and combined ocular diseases. Patients enrolled in this study were 5 men(35.7%) and 9 women(64.3%) (mean age 38.9 years). Two(14.3%) of 14 patients had bilateral disease, 9(64.3%) in the left eye, and 3(21.4%) in the right. The characteristic signs and symptoms included proptosis(35.7%), eyelid swelling(28.6%), periocular pain(28.6%), diplopia(14.3%), and blepharoptosis(7.1%). Radiologically, the medial and superior rectus muscles were affected in equal frequency(64.3%) as were the lateral and inferior rectus muscles(42.9%). Therefore, 11(71.4%) of 14 patients had enlargement of at least 2 muscles. Drug therapy such as ibuprofen, indomethacin, and prednisolone or radiation therapy of pseudotumor with the orbital myositis was less effective in case of patients with the longer duration of myositis than 1 year or involved all the rectus muscles. These patients usually accompany optic neuropathy(35.8%), paranasal sinusitis(28.6%), ocular hypertension(28.6%), scleritis(14.3%), keratitis(14.3%), dry eye(14.3%), and dacryoadenitis(7.1%). In view of the results of this study, when a case presents clinically suspected pesudotumor with the inflammatory reaction or enlargement of extraocular muscle on CT or MRI, it is suggested that the early differential diagnosis, such as orbitoathy of Graves` disease, neoplastic disorder, ateriovenous malformation be made, and that proper treatment of the orbital myositis be institued for good prognosis of disease.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; Indomethacin ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscles ; Myositis ; Orbit* ; Orbital Myositis* ; Prednisolone ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and efficacy of therapeutic method of 14 pseudotumor patients with radiologically suspected orbital myositis. Retrospective analysis was performed to elucidate correlation with clinical finding, ocular symptom and sign, involved muscles, therapeutic response, and combined ocular diseases. Patients enrolled in this study were 5 men(35.7%) and 9 women(64.3%) (mean age 38.9 years). Two(14.3%) of 14 patients had bilateral disease, 9(64.3%) in the left eye, and 3(21.4%) in the right. The characteristic signs and symptoms included proptosis(35.7%), eyelid swelling(28.6%), periocular pain(28.6%), diplopia(14.3%), and blepharoptosis(7.1%). Radiologically, the medial and superior rectus muscles were affected in equal frequency(64.3%) as were the lateral and inferior rectus muscles(42.9%). Therefore, 11(71.4%) of 14 patients had enlargement of at least 2 muscles. Drug therapy such as ibuprofen, indomethacin, and prednisolone or radiation therapy of pseudotumor with the orbital myositis was less effective in case of patients with the longer duration of myositis than 1 year or involved all the rectus muscles. These patients usually accompany optic neuropathy(35.8%), paranasal sinusitis(28.6%), ocular hypertension(28.6%), scleritis(14.3%), keratitis(14.3%), dry eye(14.3%), and dacryoadenitis(7.1%). In view of the results of this study, when a case presents clinically suspected pesudotumor with the inflammatory reaction or enlargement of extraocular muscle on CT or MRI, it is suggested that the early differential diagnosis, such as orbitoathy of Graves` disease, neoplastic disorder, ateriovenous malformation be made, and that proper treatment of the orbital myositis be institued for good prognosis of disease.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; Indomethacin ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscles ; Myositis ; Orbit* ; Orbital Myositis* ; Prednisolone ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate MRI findings of spinal cord according to mechanism in acute cervical spinal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 25 patients under went MRI within 1 month after acute cervical trauma. Axial T1WI (TR/TE :500/20), gradient-echo (TR/TE :300/14), sagittal T1WI (TR/TE:500/20), proton (TR/TE :2000. 20 msec), T2WI (TR/TE :2000/80) were performed. In 11 pateints, post-enhancement T1WI was done. Change of spinal cord signal intensity on MRI in addition to the presence of abnormal changes of vertebral body, intervertebral disc and paraspinal soft tissue were evaluated. RESULTS: 15 patients had flexion injury, seven had extension injury and three had injury of unknon mechanism. Twelve patients showed /so-signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2WI. Three patients showed low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2WI. Spinal cord hemorrhage occured in 10 patients. We found cord swelling in nine patients and cord compression in 12 patients. In nine patients with cord swelling, extent of cord injury was more than one segment of vertebral body. Ligamentous injury, disc injury, soft tissue injury occurred in 16(64%), 17(68%), 15(60%) patients respectively. Vertebral body fracture was found in 17 patients (68%). The levels of fracture were C6(eight patients) and C5(five patients). CONCLUSION: MRI is valuable in exaluetion of the spinal cord, intervertebral disc, and soft tissue lesions in acute cervical spinal injury. Prognosis is worse in flexion injury than in extension injury, and is well correlated with cord hemorrhage and lesion extent.
Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Prognosis ; Protons ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Injuries

PURPOSE: We studied to investigate the minimum concentration and preservation time of ethanol for sterilization of donor sclera. METHODS: Fresh sclera was inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis(ATCC 155), Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 28213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 27843), and transferred to preservative vials containing the concentration of ethanol(10, 30, 50, 70, and 90%) or trypticase soy broth(TSB, control) and stored at room temperature. The sclera was then homogenized, plated on blood agar, and incubated at 37 degreesC for 24 hours. Colonies were counted at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. RESULTS: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were recovered from contaminated sclera plates preserved in 10% ethanol until 72 hours and in 30% ethanol until 12 hours, but no bacteria was recovered from the sclera preserved in more than 50% ethanol(P<0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered in 10% ethanol until 72 hours but not recovered in more than 30% ethanol until 24 hours(P<0.05). However, all three species were recovered from the control sclera preserved in TSB until 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS: From the above results it is concluded that the concentration of more than 50% ethanol for at least 6 hours is recommendable as human sclera disinfectants.
Agar ; Bacteria ; Disinfectants ; Ethanol* ; Humans ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Sclera* ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Sterilization* ; Tissue Donors*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substantivity of experimentally developed gel type tetracycline HCl and a mixture of tetracycline-citric acid gel, and compare to those of solution type tetracycline HCl. 11 extracted anterior teeth were subjected to this study. After scaling and root planing teeth were randomly divided into 3 treatments groups : group 1; 3 teeth were irrigated with tetracycline HCl(50mg/ml) solution , group 2; tetracycline gel (5%) was inserted in the periodontal pockets of 3 teeth, group 3; a mixture of tetracycline and citric acid gel was inserted in the pockets of 3 teeth. And 2 teeth treated in 0.9 % sterile saline served as controls. After 5-minute exposure, each tooth immediately extracted and incubated at room temperature for 22 days in tris-buffered saline as a desorption media. The total volume of TBS was removed and replaced with fresh TBS, at 24-h intervals. Removed desorption media transferred to a sterile vial and stored at -70 oC. This procedure was repeated every 24 h throughout the 22-day desorption period. Using Porphyromonas gingivalis as an indicator organism, a microtiter assay was used to evaluate antimicrobial activity desorbed from the teeth. 1. 50mg/ml tetracycline HCl solution exhibited the longest antimicrobial activity. Compared to saline treated group, it showed significant difference on the day 1 and day 2 desorption period. 2. The ODs of 5% tetracycline gel and a mixture of tetracycline-citric acid gel were significantly different during the first 24 hour only. 3. There was no statistically significant difference after the day 3 between the groups.(p<0.05). Despite our expectation a mixture of tetracycline-citric acid gel did not show longer antimicrobial activities than those of tetracycline gel, and the solution type exhibited the longest activities. Because the gel type agents may stay in the subgingival environment longer than the solution, if the teeth were not extracted immediately after the delivery of the agent, the result could be different. hus this result suggests the possibilities of practical use of these kind of gel type agents.
Citric Acid ; Periodontal Pocket ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Root Planing ; Tetracycline* ; Tooth

Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) has been shown to play an important role in periodontal regeneration. The purpose of the present study was to examine the distribution of PDGF in experimentally created periodontal intrabony defects after flap surgery with various bone graft materials. Six healthy mongrel dogs were used in this study. Three-wall bony defects were created in maxillary and mandibular premolars, inflammation induced by wire ligation and injection of impression material into the defects. Eight weeks later, the experimental lesions thus obtained were treated by plain flap surgery(control group), flap surgery plus autogenous bone graft(autogenous bone group), flap surgery plus Biocoral graft(Biocoral group), or flap surgery plus bioglass graft(bioglass group), which were randomly assigned to the defects. After 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, 2 dogs were sacrificed at each time and the specimens were taken for histological examinations and immunohistochemical examinations for PDGF. In the control defects the amount of new bone formation was minimal. In the autogenous bone and Biocoral group new bone was deposited around implanted particles and the amount of new bone was increased with time. A large number of bioglass particles exibited a central excabation and bone formation could be observed in the central excabation as well as around the particles. The expression of PDGF was low in the control group. The expression of PDGF in Biocoral group was increased at 4, 8 week, but decreased at 12 week. The increased PDGF expression in autogenous bone and bioglass group was maintained to the end of the experiment
Animals ; Bicuspid ; Dogs ; Inflammation ; Ligation ; Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor* ; Regeneration ; Transplants*

A sudden increase in intracranial pressure due to spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage or head trauma may result in intraocular hemorrhage. To determine the prognostic implications, the incidence of this after SAH, and 157 consecutive patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage were prospectively studied by means of indirect fundoscopy. In 20(12.7%) of these patients, intraocular hemorrhage was seen on initial examination. Mean initial Hunt and Hess and Fisher CT grades were higher in SAH patients with intraocular hemorrhage than in those without(3.57 and 3.57 ; 2.56 and 2.70, respectively, the differences were those without statistically significant. The anatomic distribution of ruptured aneurysm was different in patients with intraocular hemorrhage and thoes without. The overall mortality rate was 19%(26 of 137 patients), but 50%(10 of 20 patients) with intraocular hemorrhage died. Based on the results of the above study we can conclude that in cases of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraocular hemorrhage is not infrequent and that its prognosis is poor.
Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Pressure ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*